What Was The Impact Of The Show Trials

What Was The Impact Of The Show Trials
This period in Russian history is painted red with blood, littered with dead bodies and left scars on the people of the USSR. The actions taken by
Stalin during this time caused major pain and sorrow on the politics and society of the USSR. The consolidation of Stalin's power was a key part for
reason for undertaking the policies from 1930's onward. The power struggle in the Communist Party that had taken place after the death of Vladimir
Lenin in 1924 is precontext of the purges that were soon take hold in the USSR. Stalin and Kirov struggle for leadership of the Communist Party was
key event in the future of the USSR. The victory of Stalin in the leadership battle was the start of the totatralition leadership that unfold throughout his
regime.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most importantly the execution Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky, the Red Army's most creative thinker and strategist in 1937. "During the first half of
1937 army officers were also purged,.." Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky and a group of senior officers from the Soviet high command were found
guilty at a closed trial of coordinating a German–funded military plot inside the Red Army. This purge on the Red Army had the same intentions as the
rest of the terror to consolidate the power of Stalin and grow the Capitalist plot against the USSR. This sparked a mass of large amounts of executions
of Red Army officers and soldiers that were taught the be military–fascist plotters. In reality, all of these men were innocent in every way. Just like in
the show trials that had gripped the nation's previous the NKVD beat confession out of all of these men. This paranoic attack on the Red Army was
the tip of the ice burger in the Great Purge. The figures of the death tolls are staggering. While the size of the Red Army was not exactly known at
this time, however during this time approximately 35,000 men were arrested and on trial over the course of 1937 and 1938. There are two main
reason for the purge of the Red Army. The clash of Tukhachevsky and Stalin due to Stalin's demands of the Red Army. When Stalin pushed the line
with Tukhachevsky he would reboke against which Stalin sit well with.
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The Failure Of Power In George Orwell's Animal Farm
"No one knows for sure how many people were murdered during Stalin's Great Purge, but estimates put the figure at more than 1 million." Over the
course of his reign, Joseph Stalin has executed and imprisoned perceived threats to his power. During the three public trails of former prominent
Communist Party leaders, and plenty of other private trails held, the defendants have been charged under pretenses fabricated by the NKVD, the Soviet
Secret Police. The defendants have fully confessed to their crimes in court after facing intense beatings, sleep deprivation, and threats to arrest and
execute their families. However, the West has continued to see Stalin and theSoviet Union favorably. This has urged George Orwell to write Animal
Farm so he can expose the truth about the Soviet regime. In Animal Farm, the author George Orwell uses the manipulation, and fear of the leaders
and the naivety, and loyalty of the followers to contribute to the theme of loss of freedom and equality in order to show how power can lead to
corruption. Orwell uses the manipulation of the leaders to contribute to the theme of loss of freedom and equality in order to show how power can
lead to corruption. As stated in the text, "The windmill however, had not after all been used for generating electrical power. It was used for milling
corn, and brought in a handsome money profit" (Orwell 129). This is a prime example of how the pigs capitalized on how miserable the animals
were. If Napoleon truly was who

The Great Terror Essay
The Great Terror, an outbreak of organised bloodshed that infected the Communist Party and Soviet society in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
(USSR), took place in the years 1934 to 1940. The Terror was created by the hegemonic figure, Joseph Stalin, one of the most powerful and lethal
dictators in history. His paranoia and yearning to be a complete autocrat was enforced by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD), the
communist police. Stalin's ambition saw his determination to eliminate rivals such as followers of Leon Trotsky, a political enemy. The overall concept
and practices of the Terror impacted on the communist party, government officials and the peasants. The NKVD, Stalin's instrument for carrying out the
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Stalin's initial political purge occurred on December 1st 1934, when Sergey Kirov, secretary of the Leningrad Soviet, was assassinated by Leonid
Nikolayev. Some soviets believed that Stalin ordered the assassination of Kirov; however Stalin used this event as an opportunity to arrest thousands
of his opponents, whom he alleged may have been responsible for the murder. The NKVD were ordered to initiate the investigations of suspects in
order to arrest them, send them to concentration camps and carry out death sentences and by the end of December 1934, numerous of Kirov's
followers in Leningrad, as well as the assassin Nikolaev, were all shot on the same night, December 29th. As a consequence, this impacted the public as
society became terrified of saying the wrong thing and feared being prosecuted and executed. Stalin's political opponents who avoided purges were
presented at show trials, between 1936 and 1938, a judicial trial held in public with the intent of influencing public opinion rather than ensuring justice,
where the accused pleaded guilty to charges of treason that he could not have committed. The NKVD had extracted the confessions, through various
methods, from those arrested. These methods included bribery, with promises of freedom for themselves and their families, and the use of force and
torture. Moreover it included the extraction of the accused's commitment to the Communist Party as the NKVD would tell

Essay On The Great Purges
The great Purges saw One third of the communist party killed throughout a period of terror, which lasted from 1934–39, With Kirov being the final
victim himself. On top of this many ordinary civilians alongside Party members ere also exiled and imprisoned in gulags. Some Historians believe
that the purges were a series of distinct events that related to the purges. Whilst others believe that the crimes were entwined. However the cause of
the terror is the topic that holds more debate. Some historians whom take a totalitarian view such as McCauley suggest that it was Stalin's personality
along side his progressive paranoia which played the key role and was responsible for the extent of the Great Purges in the 1930s.Whilst the some
historians... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The silence of not only Stalin but the whole of the Soviet Union highlights how to the communist party this appeared to be traitorous against the
fundamental ideals of socialism. This is emphasised by McCauley as to a cause of why Stalin's Paranoia continued throughout his leadership, and
his personality therefore was responsible for the extent in regards to the terror. McCauley further emphasises Stalin's intention of creating a climate
of fear as a result of this growing paranoia. This is evident in McCauley's emphasis on the idea that there was set targets in regards to the number of
people that had to denounced in any given period. This reiterates the idea that Stalin wished to scare the population and work forces in his party into
submission. Highlighted in the figures given to back this up, between 1921 to around 53 the political police overfilled their targets similar to many
other work forces such as factory workers and owners. The

Impact of the Secret Speech- Khrushchev
Gobbet 2– Khrusschev's Secret Speech
The Source is an extract of a speech given by Nikita Khrushchev at the Twentieth Party Congress of the Soviet Union on February 25th 1956.
Khrushchev served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers,
or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. Khrushchev was responsible for the partial de–Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the world's
early space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy. Stalin's political heirs fought for power after his death in
1953, a struggle in which Khrushchev, after several years, emerged triumphant. In 1956, at the Twentieth Party Congress,... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The government would now rule now not by terror and compulsion, but by calling on the initiative of the people and their co–operation. Khrushchev
launched the de–Stalinization campaign for internal reasons, and in the teeth of strong opposition from Stalinists such as Molotov, Malenkov and
Voroshilov. The speech achieved its purpose, at least within the Communist party of the Soviet Union. It drew a firm line under the Stalinist era,
acknowledging its monstrosities and disasters while preserving the fiction that the present Communist leadership bore no responsibility. Khrushchev
became secure in power and won a relatively free hand to reform the Soviet economy and liberalize the apparatus of terror. In addition to this old
Stalinists such as Molotov were removed from their positions. A period of liberalization followed which was known as Khrushchev's Thaw. This was
a chain of unprecedented steps to free people from fear and dictatorship. Two climactic acts of de–Stalinization marked the process firstly, on October
31, 1961, Stalin's body was removed from its mausoleum in Red Square and reburied, and secondly, on November 11, 1961, the "hero city" Stalingrad
was renamed to Volgograd. However the power struggle between liberals and conservative pro–Stalinists never stopped, and it eventually weakened the
Soviet Communist Party. However the real significance of

Government Policies Set Up By The Ussr
Government policies set up by the USSR, especially the New Economic Policy and Five Year Plans had a major effect on the industrial growth and
development in the USSR – both due to their focused end goal and the unification of the party being able to enforce these policies. However, the Five
year plans can be seen as a more successful policy in promoting industrial development, as statistics show a that it resulted in a greater growth of
development and industrial development of the USSR than any other government policy. The Five Year Plan can be seen as the leading government
policy in promoting industrial development. Set up in 1928 – 32 its goal was to propel the USSR into becoming a modernised country in achieving the
best industrial... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To achieve this, targets were set for every industry, each region, each mine and factor and every worker– fined if targets were not met. With a clear
goal and targets to reach the FYP meant many poor peasants in rural areas of the USSR began to migrate to urban areas. Cities sprung up from
nothing, allowing more workers to move to these developing areas in search for money a success in promoting industrial development, as without
workers willing to relocate and work, industrial development would not have been possible. The Five year plan was a huge success in promoting
industrial development, coal production quadrupled from 1927 (35 million tons) to 150 million by 1940, followed by steel increasing six times and
then followed by electricity. These key aspects provided the basis for the USSR military economy, allowing the Soviets to turn the tables and drive
out the Germans by being able to supply the factories with an every growing demand of electricity, parts for tanks, weapons, goods and machinery
could all be manufactured to succeed in industrial development of the USSR, the USSR was turned into a modern state, which resultantly could resist
Hitler's invasion. However, the FYP does have its failures. The over–ambitious targets set out by the FYP, in terms of producing goods over the USSR
production possibility meant many targets were over–exaggerated and false to avoid penalty. Moreover, this led to inefficiencies as

The Greatest Corruption In Soviet Union's The Great Purge
The greatest corruption that was presented by the Soviet Union was the Great Purge. The Great Purge was a period of time between 1936 and
1938. During this period, Stalin ordered a large scale purge of all the communist party leaders that he felt were a threat to his uprising. Not only did
Stalin banish some of his party leaders, but he also ordered for the increase in imprisonments, police surveillance and unnecessary executions. This
event is investigated in the novel when the hens refuse to give their eggs to the pigs. Napoleon tries to resolve this conflict by torturing the hens by
starving them. Several of the hens die, and the rest of the surviving hens concede to Napoleon. Soon after, during a meeting Napoleon orders his dogs
to drag

The Great Purge Of The Cold War
Joseph Stalin's determination greatly affected his leadership and led to the beginnings of the Cold War. His determination allowed him to rise to
power and destroy all opposition against his reign. The Great Purge, one of the greatest terrors in history, was also done due to his determination to
stay in power. This same determination led to, as well as shaped, a large quantity of the events of World War 2. His leadership was similar to the
leadership of Adolf Hitler, yet because of his determination, was quite different, and quite possibly more effective. In the end his determination for
power led to the events of the Cold War.
This determination greatly affected Stalin's rise to power, and allowed him to completely decimate all opposition to his leadership. Originally,
Stalin was a powerless citizen of the USSR, yet he managed to quickly rise to the top of the political field. He began his role in politics by joining
the Bolsheviks in 1903. Due to his thirst for power he steadily rose through the ranks of the party and was soon the General Secretary. The Bolshevik
insurrection to Russian leadership was successful and placed Stalin in a position of great power. He then used his power to isolate members of the
party in an attempt to take away their power and popularity. Determined to gain absolute dominance over the other members, he caused the dismissal,
and possibly the deaths, of several of his political opponents. This left him in total rule over the Communist party,

The Great Purge Characteristics
Essay Although there were many traits that were involved in the World War Two Era however there were three traits that stood out from the others
such as Collective farms which affects the farmers on how they farm also the great purge executions on threats who didn't like the government lastly
collectivization moved hared workers such as farmers or servants in to camps called kolkhozes. The great purge was responsible for the atrocity
because of the belief of clearing out all the Orthodox beliefs out of the state of russia to make the people live life for the moment. The Great purge was
a campaign of terror directed that exiles anyone who was a threat or a rebel towards the power. The plan was to only execute the strong and

The Great Purges
To begin with, it can be assumed that Stalin was an irrational leader because he was simultaneously also a very paranoid individual. He was
constantly concerned that people in his own territory and those abroad were going after him to destroy him. As a result, he was ruthless in making
sure his "enemies" would be punished. One of his most ferocious acts of terror was "The Great Purges" between 1934 and 1939. During those five
years, Stalin executed and imprisoned even his own admirals and Red Army officers. The terror had no boundaries and nobody was safe from Stalin's
punishment. With the help of the Soviet secret police (NKVD), Stalin aimed to eliminate all potential opposition thus even members of the Communist
party who were deemed suspicious... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During World War II, the United States experienced approximately 405,000 fatalities whereas theSoviet Union neared 20 million (Jansson 72). Stalin
was aggravated as he believed the majority of Soviet deaths was due to betrayal from his Western Allies. Thus, paranoia in the idea that the many
deaths were intentional led him to dislike the West even more. He wanted to spread his sphere of influence, the only true mentality, as well as protect
Russia. Stalin decided that no other war should ever be Popov 6 fought on Russian soil. The irrational fear that attacks from the enemy might occur once
again, Stalin chose to disregard the Eastern Europeans and instead sacrifice the lives of these buffer states to prevent a direct attack to the
"MotherLand". This textbook example of inability to trust others and thus hurting people for own benefit clearly demonstrates high symptoms of
paranoia. Research reiterates that individuals who experience such paranoia are more likely to possess a history of maltreatment as children, such that
Stalin experienced. As symptoms of paranoia express difficulties with stability and trust, it can be concluded that Stalin may have been an undiagnosed
paranoid individual since qualities of healthy individuals "flourish in nurturing developmental environments" (Tyrka et al

Soviet Union Leader: Joseph Stalin Essay
Joseph Stalin's three decade long dictatorship rule that ended in 1953, left a lasting, yet damaging imprint on the Soviet Union in political, economic
and social terms. "Under his inspiration Russia has modernised her society and educated her masses...Stalin found Russia working with a wooden
plough and left her equipped with nuclear power" (Jamieson, 1971). Although his policies of collectivisation and industrialisation placed the nation as a
leading superpower on the global stage and significantly ahead of its economic position during the Romanov rule, this was not without huge sacrifices.
Devastating living and working standards for the proletariat, widespread famine, the Purges, and labour camps had crippling impacts on Russia's social
Slave labour from the gulags was used for large–scale engineering projects, with a total of eight million prisoners by 1938. Overall, the initial Five
Year Plans were an economic and political success for the Soviet Union, however the shocking social oppression that came with it overshadowed this
advancement. Adding to the deplorable oppression borne by the proletariat during the Five Year Plans, Stalin introduced a collectivisation campaign
which not only sparked a persecution of kulaks, but also induced a widespread famine. The Stalin government's compulsory agricultural policy was
largely a failure with regard to its goals. Beginning in 1929, all farms were to be collectivised, with the aim of improving agricultural output and hence,
industrialisation. The USSR's initial system of farming was inefficient, but the introduction of fertilisation and tractors modernised agricultural
techniques, increasing the nation's capacity for production, supporting Historian Jamieson's statement. However, the policy was catastrophic due to
the mass movement of peasant resistance that saw farmers defiantly burning crops and slaughtering livestock, regarding the campaign as a violation
of their freedom. By 1933, agricultural production fell dramatically; grain by 17 million tonnes and cows and pigs by a total of 23 million, to below
what it was in 1913 (Downey, 1989, p. 19). This

How Important Were The Purges In The 1930s To Stalin's...
How important were the purges of the 1930s to Stalin's control of the USSR? The purges that occurred in Russia started in 1934 when Sergei
Kirov, a leading politician, was murdered. Using his death as an excuse, Stalin started a wave of terror known as the great purges which led to the
death of thousands of people. These purges contributed to Stalin's control over USSR, as it was able to put the Russians in fear and eliminate Stalin's
opponents. However, there were other key and integral factors that helped Stalin gain control of USSR such as his use of propaganda, social and
cultural policies, as well as the Stalin... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the purges, Russians were able to realize how brutal Stalin was. Since the Russians feared Stalin, they restrained themselves from going
against him. The Moscow trials were often recorded and shown to the public to ensure that everyone is aware of what would happen if they
attempted to oppose Stalin. In many occasions, people would report their neighbors and even their family members of criticizing Stalin. This was
done in order to create a good image of themselves, and show their loyalty to the communist government in hopes that it would prevent them from
being purged or getting sent into gulags. Due to the frequent reports and accusations, 1.2 million people were shot and another 60,000 people were
sent to gulags where most of them died because of the harsh working conditions and the lack of basic necessities. Thus, the purges helped Stalin retain
his control over USSR because the purges created fear in Russians to the point that they would go to great measures such as accusing their families of
betrayal to Stalin just so that they wouldn't be purged or sent to labor

Stalin's Launch of the Great Terror Essays
Stalin's Launch of the Great Terror The Great Terror of 1936–1938 came after a period of success, with the completion of the First Five Year Plan and
the Peasants had been collectivised to make food for the workers in the factories. Yet there was still opposition to Stalin's leadership inside the party
from Ryutin; Ryutin argued that Stalin should be removed from the position of General Secretary. Stalin then called for the execution of Ryutin (most
communist did not believe in killing their own), Kirov, Stalin's supporter and the head of Leningrad headed the majority against the execution. This
made Kirov very popular in the party and when there was a vote in the Central Congress for the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also admitted to conspiring with Trotsky to destroy Communism – this conspiracy was called the 'Trotskyite – Zinovievite Conspiracy. The other
Trials were in 1937 with Trotsky, but he was not in the country, yet they still said he was the lead conspiracer and a counter
–revolutionary. In 1938,
Bukharin was put on trial, he admitted to nearly everything except, conspiring to plotting the murder of Lenin. These trials made the Russian people
believe that there was a conspiracy going on and that anyone could be in on it. This made workers suspicious of anyone who did not produce as much
as their fellow workers, this meant that everyone worked hard. This was a brilliant way of getting the workers to produce more to push crash
industrialisation along, if there had not been the conspiracy theory then Russia would not have acted like a Totalitarian State and therefore not have
been as productive. The theory scared the Russian people from even thinking anti–communist thoughts in case they were taken away to labor camps.
This fear gave total control to Stalin over all areas of Russia as no one wanted to be sent to the labor camps, so this was a very effective way of
controlling the people of Russia. Another reason for Stalin

Myths Surrounding Joseph Stalin
Myths, surrounding Stalin have played a major role in the construction of Stalin's reputation, in both a positive and negative way. This essay will look
at Plate 1.5.8 in the illustration book, and discuss how the myth of Stalin presented in this image differs from earlier and later mythic presentations of
him.
Joseph Stalin used his intellect, and power, to outmanoeuvre his rivals to become leader of the Soviet Union. Using carefully planned propaganda
including, painting, statues, and a series of cultivated posters Stalin immortalised and glorified his leadership. These state–manufactured images
created a 'cult of personality' around him, subsequently, creating an image of a heroic worshipped figure, who was associated with every aspect of
soviet society. Stalin controlled the media and according to the historian Moshe Lewin, Stalin single handily, 'become the system,' (Lewin in Pittaway,
2008, p.137.)
The image of Stalin depicted in the poster 1.5.8 () , portrays Stalin as 'God like,' we see a figure, being looked upon by dancing children who are
dressed in uniforms, looking up to Stalin as a strong 'father like defender of the nation.' (Pittaway, 2008p.142.) This 'father' title gave the impression that
Stalin is trustworthy and caring. In addition, children presented a myth and used as propaganda to represent goodness, innocence, and the future.
Stalin's ideology was that if the children liked him, then he must be a good leader. Furthermore, the inscription shows

The Great Purge Character Analysis
Another prominent feature of the novel is the effects of the Great Purge on society. Fear and brutality reigned while logic and decency disappeared.
Beginning with fear, this emotion can be seen throughout the novel. Starting at the beginning of the novel, fear is shown when the police come to
arrest Rubashov. "'Be quiet,' shouted Vassilij, 'Here is Authority.' The woman became quiet at once (7)...The house was silent after the one shrill
woman's cry, but they had the feeling that all inhabitants were awake in their beds, holding their breath (8)." When the people in the house realized
the police were there, they became very quiet and listened. As people were taken away during the purges, people stayed quiet to avoid becoming
involved. This fear is also seen when Richard and Rubashov see a bodyguard of the regime while meeting. Richard is clearly afraid and stammers
heavily (39). Another important instance of fear was when Michael Bogrov is being led away for execution–he shouted for help, screams, whimpers,
and hangs like a doll (144). Another example of fear is Hare–lip. While in the third hearing with Rubashov and Gletkin, Hare–lip had a hunted gaze,
trembling upper lip, a white face, and a sunken head–he "quivered as though struck by a whip" and "in his eyes appeared the flickering of naked animal
terror" (200–211). He clearly was terrified and was only offering this testimony due to a desire to stay alive. The book mentioned that Hare–lip looked
utterly destroyed–the

Causes Of The Great Purge In Russia
The collectivization efforts of 1928 came to a head with the central government essentially forcing peasants to collectivize and attacking the kulaks.
Initial efforts backfired with many peasants choosing to slaughter their animals rather than give them to the collective farm. As for the kulaks, some
fled to the cities to find work while others decided to try and fight back. In retaliation, the OGPU (secret police) acted quickly and arrested the
troublemakers. Massive numbers were deported across the country and into the Urals, Siberia, or the North. The intense crackdown was eventually a
success. By 1932, the per cent of collectivized peasant farms had reached 62% according to official Soviet figures (Fitzpatrick, 138). The path to
collectivized farming in this time period is heavily significant for a number of reasons, namely the social upheaval and the new state controlled... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It had roots in the repression of the kulaks and the Shakhty Trials, but branched out to attack political opponents to Stalin within the Bolshevik cadre.
A series of trials occurred in Moscow, the accused were charged with conspiring to assassinate Stalin and other Bolshevik leaders. What makes these
trials so significant is that they showed the lengths that Stalin and his compatriots would go to ensure their personal safety. All of the accused were
found guilty of conspiring with the fascists and Leon Trotsky (at this point in exile) to bring down the socialist state, and bring a return of capitalism.
As many Western historians have noted, these trials were far from fair. They are generally referred to as "show trials" as they were highly politicized
and resulted in the deaths of all of the accused without any fair judicial proceedings (Fitzpatrick,

The following are equally important reasons why Stalin was...
The following are equally important reasons why Stalin was able to hold onto power in the Soviet Union:
The purges and show trials
The secret police
Propaganda and the cult of personality
Stalin's economic policies.
Explain how far you agree with this statement.
Stalin used to methods to hold onto power in the Soviet Union these were fear / coercion and persuasion / consent. If people were not persuaded by
Stalin's personality and economic policies they would be scared into supporting him.
From the outset Stalin was particularly aware of his image and the importance and power of propaganda. He came to power partly as a result of his
creation of a cult of 'Leninism' and by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example was the first of the great show trials where sixteen 'old Bolsheviks' and hero's of the civil war including Kamenev and Zinoveiv were but
on trial accused of being directly responsible for the assassination of Kirov, a popular leading Communist, in 1934. Although Historians believe it is
more likely that Stalin was responsible for the murder and extremely unlikely that Zinoveiv or Kamenev had anything to do with it. They all confessed
to their crimes.
Stalin propagated an image of himself as the father / protector of the nation with posters and statues of himself in many Russian town and cities. He
also ruthlessly controlled the media to ensure that the Russian people were only given such information as he saw fit. An example of this is the fact
that Trotsky's vehement criticisms of Stalin from the various countries he lived in abroad were kept from the Russia people and indeed Trotsky who
had been true hero of the revolution was blamed by Stalin for much of Russia's problems at the time. Trotsky is also a good example of Stalin's use of
terror when propaganda alone would not succeed since ultimately unable to silence Trotsky in another way Stalin had him assassinated.

In the same way Stalin could not bear any challenges to his authority and

Essay Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin
Joseph Stalin was one of the biggest mass murderers of the twentieth century. From the purges in the Red Army to forced relocations, Stalin had the
blood of millions on his hands. This essay is not going to debate the fact that this was indeed a brutal and power hungry individual, because he was
indeed just that. I will on the other hand show you that through his way of governing the Soviet Union, he actually saved mother Russia from the
German invasion in World War Two through his cunning and ruthlessness.
Joseph Stalin was a very industrious person and used every means possible to better prepare his country for the coming war that he believed was
inevitable. Wether it was diplomatic plotting, economic maneuvering, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
E. Zinoviev and L. B. Kamenev. From this point on Stalin simply concentrated more and more power into his own hands. In 1925 Stalin made a turn to
the right, got rid of his two companions and established a coalition with moderate leaders Burkharin, Rykov, and Tomsky, which lasted until 1928,
when collectivization of agriculture and the forced industrialization came about.
Stalin now followed a simple pattern, he simply systematically replaced all those who were not his absolute followers. By 1930 his rule was
absolute. Stalin was now free to go ahead and pursue his plans to industrialize and arm the Soviet Union. The only other obstacle in his path was
the army leadership. Stalin viewed the army as a threat to his power and took steps to remove that threat. He organized all of his followers to delve
into the lives of the military leadership and find out if they were traitors. Many of Stalin's followers used this as a way of getting back at old rivals
and enemies. All kinds of false evidence was manufactured. Stalin took all of this at face value and a great number of the army leadership was
either killed or exiled. There were also several show trials put on to demonstrate to the Soviet people that all of the killing was being done for a
reason and that there really were conspirators and spies among them. Several accused openly confessed to active membership of a plot to murder the
Soviet leadership. With the Army purges done, Stalin

Napoleon And Stalin Animal Farm Essay
Animal Farm is a political allegory concerning power about the Russian Revolution. At the beginning of "Animal Farm", power was used to achieve
great things. It brought all animals of Manor Farm together but after an initial influence of power, it began to destroy the community that they had
worked together to form. This can be seen by the character development of Napoleon who is thought to potray Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet
Union during the mid 1920's. They were both leaders that abused their power and used ruthless methods to rule over the community. For instance,
Napoleon and Stalin both abused their given power, one of the similarities between them was their act of violence. In the novella, "Animal Farm" by
George orwell, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the novella, "Animal Farm", by George Orwell, Orwell states, " Napoleon had accepted, through Whymper, a contract for four hundred eggs a
week.... Their method was to fly up the rafters and there lay their eggs, which smashed to pieces on the floor.... He [Napoleon] ordered the hens'
rations to be stopped and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to a hen should be punished by death " (pg.68). This means that
Napoleon killed all the chickens because they didn't want to give them anymore eggs. Napoleon never consulted with the hens to give up their
products. This is to symbolise what Stalin did in the past when he wanted to take the lands away from profiting farmers because private property is
against the government and socialism. Both of them tried to control the food production and would not mind killing to get the production process
smoother. Furthermore, both dictators ruled over their subjects with an iron hand. Orwell states,"...but it was cruel work, and the animals could not
feel so hopeful about it as they had felt before. They were always cold and usually hungry as well" (pg 66). This means that Napoleon would make the
animals work hard no matter how the harsh conditions were. In relation to this, Stalin made loyal proletariat workers work hard until they got too tired
and incompetent. Overall, both dictators governed their people

Essay on The Great Terror in Russia
Under a backdrop of systematic fear and terror, the Stalinist juggernaut flourished. Stalin's purges, otherwise known as the "Great Terror", grew from
his obsession and desire for sole dictatorship, marking a period of extreme persecution and oppression in the Soviet Union during the late 1930s. "The
purges did not merely remove potential enemies. They also raised up a new ruling elite which Stalin had reason to think he would find more
dependable." (Historian David Christian, 1994). While Stalin purged virtually all his potential enemies, he not only profited from removing his
long–term opponents, but in doing so, also caused fear in future ones. This created a party that had virtually no opposition, a new ruling elite that
would be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By imprisoning and executing members that opposed his views and were potential threats to his position, Stalin was able to keep control over the
USSR by using fear. Hence, this raised up a new ruling elite that he found to be more dependable, as no one dared challenge him for fear of their
life. The purges not only impacted those openly opposed to Stalin and party members, but had devastating effects on ordinary people too, also
resulting in the prevention of progress in the Soviet community, impacting it's future. During Stalin's rule of the country over 20 million people were
sent to labor camps of the Gulag, where nearly half of them died. Fear of losing his power and dictatorship led Stalin to believe that the educated
would be most likely to challenge his authority. The origins of Stalin's lower class background are rumoured to have left him feeling inferior towards
the educated class, also leading to obsessive determination to remove the threat. Subsequently, scientists, doctors and engineers, became targets, and
were also imprisoned and killed. As a consequence, the execution of Russia's educated during the Terror, stopped the social development and growth in
the Soviet initiated after the revolution, predominantly in the area of science and technology. Many people in Russia believed everything Stalin said,
with most blinded by the vision of a father figure of authority who would do them no harm. If anyone

How Does Stalin Deserve The Great Purges
During the 1930's, Stalin ordered large–scale purges, targeting anyone who displayed even the slightest sign of being a threat to the government. The
government was able to identify these people through family members or close friends who informed on them. With this, people no longer expressed
their true opinions and instead conformed with the government's ideas in fear of persecution ("Purges and Praises"). About 20 million people that were
suspected of performing "anti–Soviet activities" were executed, sent to Gulag labor camps, or forced them to take part in a show trial, where they
would be forced plead guilty publicly to inconceivable crimes that they had never committed (Gracheva). Many officials and military leaders were also
executed after being convicted of treason. It is estimated that one thirds of the Communist Party's three million members were put to death during the
Great Purge. However, the traces of the people that were murdered were eliminated after the government rewrote history books and doctored
photographs to exclude them. Additionally, members of the NKVD, the Soviet secret police, were killed at the end of the Great Purges, so that the
people that had known too much about this event would be eliminated.
In order for the Soviet government to unify its citizens, it had to overcome the vast cultural differences that were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As an autocratic ruler, Stalin aimed to consolidate power and eliminate opposition. Stalin and the state seized total control of the media: dictating what
people say, read, and heard. Those who attempted to do otherwise were imprisoned or sent to labor camps("Joseph Stalin"). Under the rule of Stalin,
there was no religious freedom. Churches were shut down and church leaders were arrested or executed. The reasoning behind this was that anyone
who worshipped God was a challenge to those who worshipped Stalin through his "personality cult"

During The Great Purges Essay
In the 1930s merely talking to a priest could be grounds for concluding that a person was an anti–Soviet element who should be "repressed", that is,
arrested or sent to a camp. The wholesale destruction of religion served two purposes, the first to rewrite the Soviet past, as well as clearing the way
for a cult of worship. In a letter to Stalin, Georgy Malenkov, a member of the Central Committee Secretariat, informed Stalin that, "The time has
come to finish once and for all with all clerical organizations and ecclesiastical hierarchies." During the Great Purges nearly nineteen thousand
churches were closed, while thousand clergy members were sent to the Gulags. Other members of Soviet society met similar horrific fates. The
Purges helped Stalin to secure power, by squashing the voice of the opposition, as well as reshape society. The arrest of artists and educators cleared
the way for pro–Soviet actors, who in turn would help to create the cult of personality. The Gulags, now filled to the brim with political prisoners were
able to increase Soviet Industrial output nearly ten fold. This was all part of Stalin's plan, he recognized the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With many artists and scientists imprisoned, the country lacked any substantial cultural growth during the twentieth century. The Purge of the military
weakened the army, and left nearly forty million Soviets dead in the wake of war. The intense focus on Industrialization and the Gulag system neglected
agriculture stemming numerous famines which left many Soviets to starve. The Purges solidified Communists economic system, preventing growth
which would ultimately lead to the economic collapse of the Empire. Culturally, people avoided their neighbors out of fear of being labeled an
"anti–soviet". The Purges left the people of the Soviet Union demoralized and scared, and it would take decades before the country could reach a state of

Effects Of Stalinization
Danielle Bowman
Ukr 100
April 23, 2017
De–Stalinization and the Effects on Ukraine
De–Stalinization was the process of political reconstruction that took place in in the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953. This process
strived to eliminate institutions established by Stalin that instilled mental and social suffering across the Ukrainian people. In 1956, when Nikita
Khrushchev was elected the First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party it began the start of de–Stalinization which undid Stalins reign of terror and
characteristics as a leader. The main elements of de–Stalinization were known as Thaw, which allowed for the introduction of new policies, the
liberalization of intellectual development, and loosening the ideological ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This period of de–Stalinization lead Ukraine to re–gain is sense of identity and pride. It also formed the foundation for the independence Ukraine and
separation from the Soviet Union.
Works Cited
Rettie, John. "The Secret Speech That Changed World History." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 25 Feb. 2006. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine: A History. Toronto: Published by the U of Toronto in Association with the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, 1988.
420–21. Print.
Dobson, M. "The Post–Stalin Era: De–Stalinization, Daily Life, and Dissent." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 12.4 (2011):
905–924. Project MUSE. Web. 20 Apr. 2017.
Risch, William Jay. The Ukrainian West: Culture and the Fate of Empire in Soviet Lviv. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2011. 179
–80.

What Is Folkloric Like Epic Hero
The role and cultural description of what would be call a folkloric–like epic hero didn't change for many years...
Batman, Spiderman, Superman, or even the Hulk are just echoes of what would be recognized as folkloric–like epic heroes. Basically, a hero that is
pictured as a "larger than life" character, who fights the forces of evil, usually pictured as a vicious, cruel, villain or gruesome fiend.
Accordingly, the story of Beowulf is a classic example of such, including a clear folkloric epic hero which is Beowulf, who fights forces of evil,
presented as Grendel, his mother, and a fire breathing dragon. Moreover, Beowulf express an expansive deal of heroic traits; for example: his bravery
and boldness, yet baffling fairness in his decisions before his first encounter with Grendel that can be seen in this excerpt from the poem:
Lines 259–268;
"...I have heard, Too, that the monster's scorn of men Is so great that he needs no weapons and fears none. Nor will I. My lord Higlac Might think
less of me if I let my sword Go where my feet were afraid to, if I hid Behind some board linden shield: my hands Alone shall fight for me, struggle for
life Against the monster. God must decide Who will be given to death's cold grip."... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Conversely, Korolev was trying to develop launchers and booster rockets under the huge political pressures of the leaders of the USSR, and with
minimal ground testing and economical support he was able to break all expectations, as he was aging, he got more determined to serve his nation, but
unfortunately his health deteriorated quickly, and he died peacefully in 3 December

The Impact of Stalin on Russia and the Russian People Essay
The Impact of Stalin on Russia and the Russian People
Joseph Stalin was born to a poor family in the province of Georgia in 1879. Stalin's real surname was Djugasvili; he adopted the name 'Stalin' whilst
in prison as he felt the translation 'Man of Steel' would help his image. Stalin joined the Bolshevik party as a young man and soon became an active
member organizing bank raids to gain money for party funds; this led to Stalin's imprisonment a number of times. Stalin first met Lenin in December
1905 in Finland and was quite surprised to see him as an ordinary man unlike the person he had imagined. In 1918 Stalin was made Commissar for
Nationalities of the Bolshevik party, then in 1922 he became ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Stalin was extremely ambitious and his initial taste of power had made him even more egotistical. Trotsky fled but was hunted down and eliminated to
ensure Stalin retained power. The long term effects of this ensured that future opponents of Stalin would also be eliminated.
With Lenin dead and Trotsky eliminated Stalin realized he was now able to concentrate on his own policies. He abandoned Lenin's idea of 'World
Revolution' and adopted his own policy of 'Socialism in One Country'. He began with state control of Industry and Agriculture. This led to Stalin
adopting his 'Five Year Plans for Industry' and 'Collectivisation of Agriculture'. An organisation called GOSPLAN was created to plan everything out.
The first five–year plan was created to improve heavy industries production such as coal, oil, iron, steel and electricity. The second continued to
emphasise on heavy industry but also made a commitment to communication systems such as railways. The third put an emphasis on weapon
production, as war did seem to be approaching. The long–term effects of this were that Russia was able to withstand German invasion in World War
Two and drive back the German forces. Stalin's adoption of the Five Year Plans proved to be very successful. There were vast improvements in
Education and Health and Russia was made into a major industrial

The Stalinist Era Of The Soviet Union During The 1930 ' S
The Stalinist era was a period in Russian history when "normal life became a luxury". Stalin seized control of the Soviet Union during a time of great
opposition and chaos. The manifestation of Communism forced the people to suffer through continuous upheavals.The state became the monopolistic
producer and distributor of goods and as a result had full authority over the manufacturing and marketing of necessities such as basic foods, apartments,
and even documents. Everyday Stalinism is an account of the "little men" living in the Soviet Union during the 1930's. Written by Sheila Fitzpatrick, it
describes the daily lives and struggles of the citizens throughout the revolution. All of society was reconstructed as an attempt to established a ... Show
The rewards would come later" (8)
"Stalin's revolution" is a term signifying the drastic increase in power experienced by the bureaucracy during the 1930's. The First Five Year Plan
incorporated policies which furthered mass production. The goal was to increase industrialization in order to reconstruct the Soviet Union into a
utopian and powerful nation. The politburo, titled "nashi vozhdi", was determined to create a nation which worked as a single, mass–producing
machine. Everyone was under constant watch and expected to work in a "campaign style,"–"...In short, hectic bursts of concentrated attention to
particular tasks, not through routine, incremental activity. This made life at the factory resemble life at the front..." (32). Efficient and vigourous
production was key to reconstructing the Soviet Union into an industrialized and socialist state. Shortages were one of the major issues encountered
during the perestroika. The inexperienced bureaucracy was comprised of unqualified officials who developed an unrealistic and unorganized economy.
Marxist thought encouraged heavy industry. The major drawback was that it did not emphasize the production of consumer goods, nor their
distribution. Furthermore, "petty tutelage" or the desire to control even the smallest aspects of everyday life was exercised during the 1930's. In due
course personal enterprise was forbidden. Basic necessities were difficult to get which led to

Stalin Darkness At Noon Analysis
Stalin consciously and purposefully conducted a series of purges of the Bolshevik party in the 1930s. These purges, and the Show Trials that
accompanied them, solidified his cult of personality and control of the country. Old Bolsheviks who opposed him in the past or could do so in the
future were arrested, made an example of, and typically executed. Stalin and his Politburo truly believed that many people were out to get them, and
anyone who was not on Stalin's side was against him. Often the accused were convicted due to inaccurate or fraudulent evidence. Although Stalin was
the main perpetrator of these Purges, this essay examines the role of the accused in Darkness at Noon by Arthur Koestler, and "Last Letter to Stalin" by
Nikolai Bukharin,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both figures believe that throughout their entire life, their loyalty to the party has been unhindered, yet question the system after being convicted and
interrogated. During a scene in the novel where Rubashov lectures Richard, a young German communist, Rubashov tells him, "The Party can never be
mistaken...it is the embodiment of the revolutionary idea in history...knows no scruples and no hesitation...makes no mistakes...he who has not
absolute faith in history does not belong in the Party's ranks" (Koestler, p 43). Rubashov's beliefs mimic Bukharin's unyielding stance on communist
principles and party policies. Bukharin says, "I know all too well that great plans, great ideas and great interests take precedence over everything, and
I know that it would be petty for me to place the question of my own person on a par with the universal–historical tasks resting, first and foremost, on
your shoulders." In these two men, the realization is that the party is the ultimate goal, individual people can be wrong but the Communist party can
never be mistaken. Not believing in these ideals is a direct opposition to the party itself. Later in the novel Rubashov realizes that that Party's policies
are actually going against the ideals the revolution stood for when he tells Ivanov, "in the interest of a just distribution of land we deliberately let die
of starvation about five million farmers...we sent about ten million people to do forced labor...Our engineers work wight he constant knowledge that
an error in calculation may take them to prison or the scaffold...we whip the groaning masses of the country towards a theoretical future happiness"
(Koestler p 163). This is where we see a split in the ideologies of Bukharin and Rubashov. While Rubashov has lost belief in the party system,
Bukharin still justifies Stalin's actions. He still thinks "there is something great and bold about the

An Allegory In George Orwell's Animal Farm
An allegory is a story or poem that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden message, typically involving politics. A great example of an allegory is
George Orwell's, "Animal Farm." When just looking at this story, one would think it was just about animals that ran off their owners and then formed
their own lifestyle with an animal leader. On the contrary, if one was to pay attention to the story they would notice that it is pointing the reader to a
time in history. Orwell wrote the story around 1944 in reference to the Russian Revolution and to slander the Soviet Union. Throughout the novella,
the reader is introduced to the vital characters and is able to connect them to men in history. For example, Old Major the pig was a symbol of Karl
Marx. One can see this through the personality and Old Major and also through him telling of his dream. In the beginning of the novel, Major has a
dream where all animals were equal. He told the other animals that they did not have to have short lives that were dominated by labor and hunger
for the human's sake. Old Major asked during the giving of his dream if it was not "crystal clear, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring
from the tyranny of human beings?" The dream was used to shadow Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto where Marx presented the evils of feudalism,
capitalism, and the ideal world of communism to inspire the Russian Revolution. Marx believed that everything in the worlds history could be
explained in result of

Darkness At Noon Analysis
The novel, Darkness at Noon, clearly referenced Stalin's purges that occurred during the late 1930s. The story follows an old Bolshevik–Rubashov–as
he experienced the Great Purge and subsequent show trial. Through a theme of old vs. new and the overarching fear and brutality of the time period,
Darkness at Noon contributes to a further understanding of the 30s in the Soviet Union. Throughout the novel, the contrast between the old and the new
held an important position in the overall story. By underlining this idea, Koestler illustrated the importance of the old and new communists during the
Great Purges. The characters of Wassilij, Vera Wassiljovna, Ivanov, and Gletkin showed these contrasting groups. In Soviet politics, the two
interrogators illustrated the juxtaposition between old and new. The first interrogator–Ivanov–represented the old guard while his
successor–Gletkin–characterized the new guard. Ivanov was an old Bolshevik–he once had a picture of the old party on the wall. A former friend of
Rubashov, the two attended university together and fought in the civil war. Despite the circumstances, Ivanov was rather friendly with Rubashov and
confessed that he did not want Rubashov to be shot (82). After talking for a while, Rubashov stated,
"I am curious to know," he said aloud, "what scheme you have for my salvation. The way in which you have examined me up till now seems to have
exactly the opposite aim." Ivanov's smile became broad and beaming. "You old fool," he

Evidence has shown that Stalin was not a savior to Russia...
Evidence has shown that Stalin was not a savior to Russia by creating economic policies to help with the agriculture and also modernized Russia.
Stalin's plan was to make Russia an industrial giant, so Stalin created the five–year plan to work on the farms and factories of Russia. Stalin's five–year
plans were a series of nation wide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union (Wikipedia). What that meant was that peasants who didn't have
jobs were required to work on a specific goal that Stalin had to increase what was considered as an economy booster. The first Five Year Plan
introduced in 1928, concentrated on the development of iron and steel, machine–tools, electric power and transport. Joseph Stalin set the workers high
Oftentimes, factories inflated their production figures, and the products created were too low in quality to be used (Trueman). What this meant is
that some of the goals were not made and the products made were useless to sell or trade with. The Third Five Year Plan lasted for only three years,
as it was interrupted by Germany's declaration of war on the Soviet Union during World War II. As war seemed imminent, this plan focused on the
production of weapons and other wartime materials (Trueman). The Soviet Union mainly contributed resources to the development of weapons, and
constructed additional military factories as needed. Stalin continued to use additional Five Year Plans in the years following WWII, in an attempt
keep his promise in 1945 to make the Soviet Union the leading industrial power by 1960. By 1952, industrial production was nearly double the 1941
level. Stalin's Five Year Plans helped transform the Soviet Union from an untrained society of peasants to an advanced industrial economy. So through
out this plan of hopefully saving Russia that Stalin has created products that could not be used and unintelligent citizens who were only trained to only
do only one skill. Stalin also murdered citizens who spoke against his idea and called the Great Purge.
The Great Purge was a series of campaigns of persecution and political repression orchestrated by Stalin Joseph from 1936 to 1938 in the Soviet
Union. It included a large–scale purge of the

The Great Terrors : Sofia Petrovna And Stalin's Great Purges
The Great Terror was one of the single greatest loss of lives in the history of the world. It was a crusade of political tyranny in the Soviet Union that
transpired during the late 1930's. The Terrors implicated a wide spread cleansing of the Communist Party and government officials, control of peasants
and the Red Army headship, extensive police over watch, suspicion of saboteurs, counter–revolutionaries, and illogical slayings. Opportunely, some
good did come from the terrors nonetheless. Two of those goods being Sofia Petrovna and Requiem. Both works allow history to peer back into the
Stalin Era and bear witness to the travesties that came with it. Through the use of fictional story telling and thematic devises Sofia Petrovna and
Requiem, respectively, paint a grim yet descriptive picture in a very efficient manner.
Sofia Petrovna follows the life of Sofia Petrovna, a typist who works at the Leningrad publishing house. After the death of her husband and capture of
her son, Sofia goes insane. It's a type of unhinged that demonstrates itself in mirages minutely dissimilar from the deceits those surrounding her voice to
guard themselves. Sofia Petrovna proposes an extraordinary and fundamental account of Stalin's Great Purges through simple fictional story arcs. First,
there is the vanishing of seemingly innocent people. Sofia looses several people in her life throughout the duration of the novel with almost no warning
or explanation. This provides an effective look into

Essay on The Effectiveness of Stalin's Use of Personal Power
From the 1920's onwards, Stalin set the stage for gaining absolute power, through a number of campaigns of repression against groups which opposed
the Communist Party and Stalin himself. The use of terror became a central part to Stalin's rule during the 1930's with the launching of The Great
Purges against opposition to Stalin. It can be seen that Stalin did effectively remove opposition to the exercise of his personal power until 1941 when
Germany invaded Russia. The term 'purge' in Soviet political slang was an abbreviation of the expression 'purge of the party ranks.' However, Stalin's
terror changed its meaning to almost certain arrest, imprisonment or even... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main difference was the terror in the 1920's was usually applied to obvious opponents of the party; whereas the terror in the 1930's was mainly
against members of the party and against people had committed no offences to be considered as opposition. Another major difference was the earlier
terror had occurred under exceptional circumstances in the civil war, when Communist rule was under threat. The terror in the 1930's took place while
Communist rule was firmly in place. It is necessary to make a clear distinction between 'The Purges' and 'The Terror'. The purges were the attempts to
'clean–up' the party so that unworthy party members who only joined for their own advantage were expelled. They were also attempts to ensure the
party members were loyal, dedicated and active. Whereas 'The Terror' is the name given to the use of fear by Stalin to control the population and to
remove his opponents. There were many attempts to clean up the Communist party in the early 19360's. In 1933 and 1934 a general purge of the
party was launched where alien, unreliable and disreputable elements were expelled from the party. At the end of 1934 nearly one million members
were expelled from the party and Ryutin was jailed. Also in this year a New Central Purge Commission was set up. In 1935 there was a verification of
party documents

1984 And The Thought Police In 1984 By George Orwell
In 1949, George Orwell published his chilling take on the future in the novel, 1984. In this future, London, along with the rest of the former British
Empire and America, has become the totalitarian super state known as Oceania, which is governed by a single Party that has absolute authority. One
of the ways the Party keeps control of its people is by use of the Thought Police, a widespread secret police organization that monitors the people and
deals with anyone who has rebellious actions, idea,or even thoughts. Although 1984 is nothing but a work of fiction, and furthermore the Thought
Police, while reading 1984, one cannot help but draw comparisons to the real life secret police found in the Stalinist era Soviet Union. The Stalinist era
was the time from 1929–1953 when Joseph Stalin ruled over the Soviet Union, and like in 1984, Stalin used a secret police organization to control
his people, the Narodny Kommisariat Vnutrennikh Del, which translates to the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs. Interestingly enough,
George Orwell's novel 1984, was written during this exact time era. Thus, it can be inferred that while creating the Thought Police for 1984, George
Orwell was influenced by the NKVD of the Stalinist era. During Stalin's reign, the Secret Police played a critical role in enforcing Stalin's will. After
Stalin came to power, one of the first things he did was to greatly expand the size of the Secret Police. In a biography of Stalin's life, the author

Why Was Collectivisation
How significant was collectivisation in Russia up to 1940?
Collectivisation is debatably Stalin's most important policy and the pinnacle of Communism. Causing drastic changes for the Russian people, it could
be argued that collectivisation was very significant in Russia up to 1940. It was a successful tool used to reaffirm Stalin's power and spread Socialism;
it fueled industrialism, turning Russia into a global superpower once more; but most tragically, could be named the greatest agricultural and social
disaster ever experienced in Russia. However others may argue that collectivisation was extraneous: industrialisation was the main cause of Russia's
rising power; production did not increase; and it was the Great Purges and shows trials that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was the greatest social disaster to have hit Russian peasants, making it highly significant. During the period of collectivisation, grain production
levels were at their lowest, taking 25 years to achieve pre–collectivisation era levels, however, in order to improve the economy, grain procurement
levels were unrealistically high. This generated a widespread famine and violence in rural Russia. Violence levels rocketed as riots against
collectivisation broke out all over the countryside. Many were shocked by the mass slaughter and human misery that it had brought about. It is
estimated that a staggering 10–15 million people died of hunger and violence during the years of collectivisation; this number alone highlights the
significance of collectivisation. Furthermore, the famine increased as the Soviet government procured grain only for the sake of doing so. In Ukraine,
millions were left to starve in what became known as the 'Black Famine' as the government rooted out hidden stocks of grain, only to have them rot in
warehouses. The situation was not helped by the elimination of kulaks either; the farming expertise had been purged, thus, there was no one to pull the
peasants out of starvation. Hence, collectivisation was highly significant as it resulted in a prodigious number of deaths, and agriculturally, was a terrible

Darkness at Noon Essay
The Russian Revolution and the purges of Leninist and Stalinist Russia have spawned a literary output that is as diverse as it is voluminous. Darkness
at Noon, a novel detailing the infamous Moscow Show Trials, conducted during the reign of Joseph Stalin is Arthur Koestler's commentary upon the
event that was yet another attempt by Stalin to silence his critics. In the novel, Koestler expounds upon Marxism, and the reason why a movement that
had as its aim the "regeneration of mankind, should issue in its enslavement" and how, in spite of its drawbacks, it still held an appeal for intellectuals.
It is for this reason that Koestler may have attempted "not to solve but to expose" the shortcomings of this political system and by doing so... Show
Rubashov's character vacillates between embracing the individualistic traits of his nature to the pull exerted on him by the indoctrination of the
ideology of the greater good, even at the expense of individual liberty and freedom. Rubashov, during his time in prison though shows a propensity to
acknowledge the failure of the glorious tenets of the Revolution, for he has seen the horror of the totalitarian system in the purges carried out by the
party leaders under the pretext of filtering traitors. In an acknowledgement of the folly of his and the Party's ways, Rubashov states "...we are doing the
work of prophets without their gift. We replaced vision by logical discussion..." and it is this acceptance of their shortcomings that shows the
transformation of Rubashov. Rubashov, though a committed Marxist, during his time in the prison seems vexed by the notion that the end justifies the
means because he has himself seen that the final result is often not what is seen in the present moment but the truth that becomes apparent only in the
light of retrospective thought. Rubashov realizes that it is only history that can pass judgment and thus, the shooting of B. and thirty others by No. 1
will be decided later "He who is in the wrong must pay; he who is in the right will be absolved. That is the law of historical credit;

The Great Purge And Was A Social Policy Of Stalin
Stalin is a name everyone probably has heard at some point, most likely in a history class that you have long forgotten now. However people tend to
not know that during his time as Premier of the Soviet Union he killed more people than Hitler did. This could have been through his policies or his
Five year plans. Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union from 1929 to 1953 when he died. In that 24 year span he killed an estimated 50 million people
(Haines) and this doesn 't include the lives lost in WW2. For some reason, it something that we do not learn in history; it is excluded from our history
books. This is called the Great Purge and was a social policy of Stalin, he was collecting Jewish people though he was after opponents to his regime.
Between 1934 and 1939 stalin set in a motion to have about в…“ of the three million communist officials purged (Freedland). These people were
either sent to a work camp or a gulag, put on trial where they were forced to plead guilty, or they were just executed. This was a policy of his that
would secure his place in the communist party, he even went as far to have pictures of himself edited so that he wasn't in them with certain people.
Stalin also sent his son, Yakov Dzhugashvili, to the eastern front hoping he would die. He did this because Yakov was an active opponent of his father
(Evans). When he was captured the Nazi's tried ransoming him back, to which stalin said to kill him; which is what happened. Having purged the party
he could

Joseph Stalin : The Most Ruthless Communist Leader
Erin Bitsuie
Mr. Natanabah
Senior World History
30 January 2015
Stalin
Imagine you live on a farm that you own or so you believe you own. Then one day the leader of your country decides to take away your land in
order to promote the prosperity and advancement of your country. You don't want to give your land away but you have to because if you don't you
will be killed or tortured. Either way fighting for your land won't do any good because the leader of your country will always get what he wants.
Especially if your leader is Joseph Stalin. Stalin was the most ruthless communist leader in history because he perpetrated crimes against humans,
tortured, murdered and took away people's rights in order to have a successful nation.
Stalin wanted communism, power, and glory. He would do anything to get what he wanted. For people to obey and follow his rules he would do
anything. Even killing people and their family. Stalin was a ruthless man with no remorse. He demanded respect and obedience from his people and
anyone who turned against him were killed. No doubt about getting killed or sent to gulags if you wanted to disobey Stalin. If anyone wanted to rebel
against Stalin's orders then he would order his soldiers to kill them. No one got away with talking bad about Stalin or disobeying. Stalin would find out
and would kill them. Soon the whole Soviet Union wanted to rebel against Stalin but he was too powerful to stop. On December 18th 1878 in Georgia,
Russia one of the most

The Great Terror Robert Conquest Summary
With Robert Conquest's first edition of The Great Terror published in 1968, critics acclaimed that his work was a spotlight on the atrocities wrought by
the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin. Since then, with new sources and statistics coming forward, there have been two reassessments published by
Conquest. Regardless of edition, the author attempts to provide the reader a gripping account of Stalin's mass purges where millions were murdered
and millions more were sent to Soviet prisons in brutal, inhumane conditions. Furthermore, to give the reader a well–rounded view of this period
Conquest writes about more than just the gulags. He shares his research on the "Moscow Trials," the vicious methods for obtaining false confessions,
life in the labor camps, and much more. These topics all provide for a bleak picture of life in the former Soviet Union during the reign of the dictator
Stalin. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As with any other use of first–hand accounts, the reader is presented with a more potent form of storytelling that is easily diluted when the author
describes the action for the audience in their own words. For example, Conquest quotes Polish politician Zbigniew Stypulkowski to describe the
appalling conditions in the Soviet prisons where "with cold and hunger and almost no sleep, a man becomes like an automaton–his eyes are bright, his
legs swollen, his hands trembling. In this state he is often convinced he is guilty" (pg. 125). By using such striking quotes, Conquest accomplishes two
things. First, using eyewitness accounts better retains the reader's attention by placing them directly in the action with those who lived it. Second,
these testimonies give more credibility to the author's work by showing that the author's interpretations and the real life events support each

Stalins Rise To Power Essay
Question: How far did Stalin achieve and maintain what Kruchev described as "the accumulation of immense and limitless power", in the USSR
between 1924 and 1945?
Between 1924 and 1945, Joseph Stalin was able to emerge as the leader of the USSR and maintain what Kruchev described as "the accumulation of
immense and limitless power". Stalin's rise to power was a combination of his ability to manipulate situations and the failure of others to prevent him
from taking power, especially Leon Trotsky. Stalin ruled theUSSR from 1929 until his death in 1953. His rule was one of tyranny, a great change from
the society that his predecessor, Lenin, had envisioned. During his time of reign, Stalin put into effect two self–proclaimed "five–year ... Show
Also, Stalin was much more involved with the base of the Party and was thought to have worked hard to get himself to the top. Meanwhile, Trotsky
was seen as a man trying to push his way in. Further damaging Trotsky, Lenin described him as possessing "...excessive self–confidence... and
overly attracted by the purely administrative aspects of affairs..." Even though he unintentionally projected Trotsky in this way, Lenin felt that if
the removal of Stalin were not acted upon, the conflict between Trotsky and Stalin would intensify, which would jeopardize the whole Party. Combined
with the Testament, Trotsky could have used the Postscript to obtain power, but instead Stalin squashed it in the Central Committee.
Once eliminating Trotsky, Stalin's idea of, "socialism in our country," inevitably meant that Russia needed strength. The productions in the USSR had
almost reached pre–war levels by the mid–1920s, but the population of Russia had also increased by 20 million people. No matter, Stalin assured that
maximum efforts and resources would be given to the expansion and strengthening of Russia herself rather than an effort to start a revolution
elsewhere. This is explained in his famous 1931 speech, gaining power for himself. The people had nowhere else to turn to and needed a leader. Stalin
was there and knew what to do to make the people interested in his ideas, thus acquired their trust and control. From these ideas, he created his first

What Was The Impact Of The Show Trials

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