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Forest Trees of Kashmir Valley

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Muhammad Ali
Muhammad Ali

This document contains information on 118 plant species found in forests and other areas. For each species it provides the botanical name, local name, common names, and a brief description of the plant's habit (how it grows or its form). The plants include trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, vegetables and other species.

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1 Forest Trees Botanical Name: Abies pindrow Royle Local Name: Achar Common Names: Zarnab (U); West Himalayan Silver Fir (Eng.) Habit: Tall coniferous tree of temperate regions Botanical Name: Acacia modesta Wall Local Name: Palosa Common Names: Phulai (U) Habit: Tree Botanical Name: Achyranthus aspera L. Local Name: Gishkay Common Names: Puthkanda (U) Habit: A perennial wasteland herb Botanical name: Acorus calamus L. Local Name: Skhawaja. Common names: Warch (U); Sweet flag (Engl.) Habit: Herb of moist places Botanical Name: Adiantum venestum D.Don. Local Name: Sumbal Common Names: Persoshan (U); Maiden Hair Fern (Eng.) Habit: Shade and moisture loving small fern Botanical Name: Adiantum nigrum L. Local Name: Sumbal Habit: Shade and moisture loving fern Botanical Name: Aesculus indica (Wall. ex. Cambl.) Hk.f. Local Name: Jawaz Common Names: Horse Chestnut (Eng.) Habit: A large deciduous tree of temperate areas Botanical Name: Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle Local Name: Backyanra Common Names: Tree of Heaven (Eng.) Habit: Large size fast growing cultivated tree Botanical Name: Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex. Benth.
2 Local Name: Khwaga Bootei Common Names: Kauri Booti & Neel Khanti (U) Habit: Shade loving herb growing in crevices Botanical Name: Allium cepa Linn, Local Name: Piaz Habit: A cultivated vegetable Botanical Name: Allium sativum Linn Local Name: Ooga Habit: A common cultivated vegetable Botanical Name: Alnus nitida Endl Local Name: Geiray Habit: Tree growing along water courses. Botanical Name: Amaratus viridis Linn. Syn: Amaranthus gracilis Linn Local Name: Chalwaey Habit: Annual herb every common in summer. Botanical Name: Andrancne cordifolia Muell. Local Name: Krachay Habit: A perennial herb Botanical Name: Amaranthus spinosus Linn Local Name: Chalwaey Habit: A common annual weed at waste places Botanical Name: Apluda mutica Linn Local Name: Wakha Habit: Common grass Botanical Name: Arisaema flavum schott Local Name: Marjarai Habit: Perennial herb of moist shady habitat. Botanical Name: Artemisia scoporia Waldst and Ket. Syn: Artemisia trichophylla Wall. Ex DC Local Name: Jaukay Habit: Leaves, shoots,seeds
3 Botanical Name: Aristida cyanatha Neez ex Steud Local Name: Wakha Habit: Common grass growing everywhere in plains and foot hills. Botanical Name: Asparagus officinalis Linn. Local Name: Tendorai Habit: Perennial herb. Botanical Name: Asphodelus tenuifolius Cavan Local Name: Piazakay, Oogakaey Habit: Common spring weed Botanical Name: Avena sativa Linn. Local Name: Jamdar Habit: An annual weed of wheat field. Botanical Name: Berberis lycium Royle Local Name: Kwaray Habit: Spiny shrub of exposed places Botanical Name: Bergenia himalyca Boriss Local Name: Makanpat Habit: Rhizomatous plant of shady moist habitat. Botanical Name: Brassica camapestris Linn. Local Name: Sharshum Habit: A cultivated vegetable and oil seed crop. Botanical Name: Brassica campestris Linn . Var. rapa. Local Name: Tepar Habit: A cultivated vegetable Botanical Name: Brassica olaraceae Linn . Var. botrytis Local Name: Ghobi Habit: A cultivated vegetable. Botanical Name: Buxus sempervirense HK.f. Local Name: Shamshad Habit: Shrub growing under trees Botanical Name: Calotropic procera (Willd.) R.Br. Syn: Asciepias procera Willd.
4 Local Name: Spulmaey Habit: Common weed of waste, dry and exposed. Botanical Name: Calendula arvensis Linn. Local Name: Zair gulae. Habit: An annual wild herb. Botanical Name: Calendula officinale Linn. Local Name: Zair gulae Habit: A cultivated ornamental herb. Botanical Name: Canabis sativa Linn. Syn: Canabis indica Lamk. Local Name: Bhang Habit: An annual wild herb of waste places. Botanical Name: Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Bth ex HK.f. Syn: Boucerosia edulis Edgew. Local Name: Pamankay Habit: A succulent perennial herb. Botanical Name: Conyza canadensis Conquist Local Name: Malloch Habit: Common wild herb. Botanical Name: Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linn.) Medic. Local Name: Bambaisa Habit: An annual weed. Botanical Name: Capsicum annum Linn. Local Name: Ghat Marchakay Habit: An annual cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Celtis caucasica Linn. Local Name: Tagha Habit: A medium to tall size tree of foot hills Botanical Name: Clematis grata Wall. Local Name: Ghrazela Habit: Common wild climbing herb. Botanical Name: Chenopodium album Linn.
5 Local Name: Sarmay Habit: An annual wild weed of fields. Botanical Name: Convolulus arvensis Linn. Local Name: Prewatai Habit: An annual climbing herb. Botanical Name: Colocasia esculentum Linn. Local Name: Kachaloo Habit: Cultivated vegetable Botanical Name: Cotonester microphylla Wall Local Name: Kharawa Habit: A medium sized shrub. Botanical Name: Colchicum Luteum Baker. Local Name: Suranjan-e-sherin Habit: Rhizomatous plant of moist temperate forests. Botanical Name: Citrulus colocynthis Shard. Syn: Cucumis colocynthis Linn Local Name: Kalkundaey Habit: A prostrate herb found in dry maize fields. Botanical Name: Coriandrum sativum Linn. Local Name: Dhanyal Habit: An annual cultivated herb Botanical Name: Cucumis sativus Linn. Local Name: Badrang Habit: Prostrate to climbing herb. Botanical Name: Cucurbita Spp. Local Name: Bindol Habit: A cultivated climbing herb. Botanical Name: Cucurbita maxima Linn. Local Name: Khog Kadoo Habit: A cultivated prostrate to climbing herb. Botanical Name: Cucurbita pepo Linn.
6 Local Name: Gharangy Kadoo Habit: An annual prostrate to climbing cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Daphne oloides Schreb. Syn: Daphne mucronata Royle Local Name: Laighonai Habit: Common chrub. Botanical Name: Datura innoxia Mill Local Name: Dhatura/Mangaz Habit: Common waste land herb. Botanical Name: Debregeasia salicifolia (D. Don) Rendle Syn: Boehmeria salicifollia D.Don Local Name: Ajlai Habit: A water course shrub. Botanical Name: Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P.Beauv. Local Name: Wakha. Habit: A common grass. Botanical Name: Dicanthium annulatum (Forssk) Local Name: Wahka Habit: Common medium sized grass. Botanical Name: Diospyrus lotus Linn. (Fig. 3) Local Name: Toor amlook Habit: A wild medium sized tree. Botanical Name: Diospyrus kaki Linn .(Fig. 4) Local Name: Ziar Amlook Habit: This Japanese persimmon is grafted in the local Diospyrus lotus. Botanical Name: Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. Local Name: Bangaya Habit: A medium sized grass of dry habitat. Botanical Name: Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq. (Fig. 5) Local Name: Ghwaraskay. Habit: A shrubby plant of exposed dry habitat. Botanical Name: Dryopteris stewartii More K ze.
7 Local Name: Unknown. Habit: A fern of moist shady areas. Botanical Name: Fragaria indica Andrew. Local Name: Da Zamki Toot. Botanical Name: Echinops graffithianus Boiss. Local Name: Unknown Habit: A common spiny weed of exposed sites. Botanical Name: Equisetum arvense Linn. Local Name: Bandakay. Habit: A tall narrow herb of moist habitat. Botanical Name: Ehretia obtusifolia Hochst . ex DC. (Fig . 6) Syn: Ehretia obvata R. Br. Local Name: Ghada botay. Habit: A medium sized shrub. Botanical Name: Euphorbia helioscopa Linn. Local Name: Prewatka. Habit: An annual weed of fields. Botanical Name: Euphoriba prostrata Ait. Local Name: Warmaga. Habit: A prostrate annual herb. Botanical Name: Euphorbia wallichii Hk.f. Local Name: Shangla Habit: A common herb in moist temperate forests. Botanical Name: Eriophorum comosum (Wall ex Roxb) Nees. Local Name: Wakha Habit: Grass of dry habitat. Botanical Name: Eucalptus globulus. Local Name: Lachi. Habit: Tall cultivated tree. Botanical Name: Ficus carica Forsk Local Name: Inzar Habit: Medium sized cultivated tree.
8 Botanical Name: Ficus palmate Forsk Syn: Ficus varigata Roxb. Local Name: Inzar Habit: A medium sized wild tree growing on slopes. Botanical Name: Gentiana kurroo Royle. Local Name: Unknown Habit: Small herb is exposed habitat. Botanical Name: Geranium collinum Steph ex Willd. Local Name: Srazella Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Gymnosporia royleana Wall ex Lawson Local Name: Soor azghay. Habit: A spiny shrub of foot hills Botanical Name: Hedera nepalensis K. Koch. Local Name: Da Wano kalay. Habit: Tall liana climbing trees. Botanical Name: Helianthus annuus Linn. Local Name: Nwar parast. Habit: A tall cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. Ex. Roem. & Schult. Local Name: Barwaza. Habit: A medium sized grass. Botanical Name: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Syn: Hibiscus esculentus Linn. Local Name: Bhindi. Habit: A cultivated vegetable in summer. Botanical Name: Indigeofera heterantha Wall. Ex Brand. Syn: Indigeofera gerardiana Wall ex Baker. Local Name: Ghoureja. Habit: A medium sized shrub of exposed habitat. Botanical Name: Ipomoea carica Jacq. Syn: Ipomoea palmata Forssk.
9 Local Name: Unknown. Habit: A wild climbing weed in maize field. Botanical Name: Jasminum humile Linn. Local Name: Zair Rambail Chambail/Yasmin. Habit: A wild ornamental climbing shrub. Uses: It is ornamental. Root decoction is used for curing ringworms. Botanical Name: Jasminum officinale Linn. Local Name: Spin Rambail Chambail, Yasmin. Habit: A wild cultivated ornamental plant. Botanical Name: Justicia adhatoda L. Synonym: Adhatoda vasica Nees . Family: Acanthaceae Local Name: Baikar Common Names: Arusa & Bhekar (U); Malabar Nut & Casaka (Eng.) Habit: Non palatable shrub Botanical Name: Juglans regia Linn. Local Name: Ghuz Habit: A wild/cultivated large deciduous tree. Botanical Name: Limmonium gilesii (Hemsl. & Aitch) Rech. f. Local Name: Watwatakay. Habit: Succulent herb of dry exposed hills. Botanical Name: Lathyrus sativus Linn. Local Name: Chillo. Habit: A prostrate herb. Botanical Name: Lathyrus apache Linn. Local Name: Kurkamanay. Habit: Prostrate herb. Botanical Name: Luffa cylindrica (L.) Room. Syn: Luffa aegyptica Miller. ex Hk. f. Local Name: Torai. Habit: A cultivated climbing vegetable. Botanical Name: Malus pumila Mill. Syn: Pyrus malus Linn.
10 Local Name: Manra. Habit: A cultivated fruit trtee with many varities. Botanical Name: Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Syn: Mentha sylvestris Linn. Local Name: Villanay. Habit: A perennial herb of moist area. Botanical Name: Mentha spicata Linn. Syn: Mentha viridus Linn. Local Name: Podina. Habit: A perennial cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Melia azedarach Linn. Local Name: Tora Bikyana, Shandai. Habit: A medium sized wild/cultivated tree. Botanical Name: Malva neglecta Wall. Local Name: Panerak, Samchal Habit: A cultivated hurb Botanical Name: Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Local Name: Gul-e-Bada. Habit: A perennial ornamental herb. Botanical Name: Morchella esculenta (Linn.) Pers ex Fr. Local Name: Goujai Habit: Mushroom of moist temperate habitat. Botanical Name: Micromeria biflora (Bunhi Ham ex D. Don. Benth) Local Name: Unknown Habit: Small herb of crevices. Botanical Name: Morus alba Linn. Local Name: Spin toot. Habit: A cultivated or wild deciduous tree. Botanical Name: Morus nigra Linn. Local Name: Toor Toot. Habit: A cultivated or wild deciduous tree. Botanical Name: Myrsine Africana Linn.
11 Local Name: Maru-rang Habit: A medium sized shrub. Botanical Name: Myrtus cummunis Linn. Local Name: Manro Habit: A medium sized shrub. Botanical Name: Memordica charantia Linn. Local Name: Karela Habit: A cultivated prostrate to climbing herb. Botanical Name: Narcissus tazetta Linn. Local Name: Gul-e-Gangass, Gul-e-Nargis. Habit: A perennial herb of graveyards flowering in early spring. Botanical Name: Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Local Name: Talmeera. Habit: A perennial herb of moist habitat. Botanical Name: Nerium indicum Mill .(Fig.7) Syn: Nerium odorum Soland. Local Name: Ganderay Habit: A huge shrub of water courses. Botanical Name: Nicotiana tabaccum Linn. Local Name: Tambacco Habit: Cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Olea ferrugenea Royle Local Name: Khona Habit: Tall evergreen tree specified to graveyards. Botanical Name: Origanum vulgare Linn. Syn: origanum normal D.Don Local Name: Shamakay Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Oryza sativa Linn. Local Name: Sholy Habit: Cultivated staple crop where there is plenty of water. Botanical Name: Onychium japonicum (Thunb.). Kze
12 Local Name: Not known Habit: Fern of moist temperate forests. Botanical Name: Otostegia limbata (Bth.) Boiss Syn: Ballota limbata Bth. Local Name: Spin azghay, Pishkanr. Habit: A small sized shrub. Botanical Name: Oxalis corniculata Linn. Local Name: Manzakay Tarookay. Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Papaver rhoeas Linn Local Name: Alak Janaey Habit: An annual plant flowering early in spring. Botanical Name: Papaver somniferum Linn. Local Name: Qash-Qash Habit: A rarely cultivated herb on margins of gardens Botanical Name: Paeonia emodi Wall ex Hk. f. Local Name: Mamaikh Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Plantago lanceolatum Linn. Local Name: Jabai Habit: An annual herb. Botanical Name: Polygonum arenastrum boreau Local Name: Not known Habit: A perennial herb of moist habitat. Botanical Name: Polygonum barbatum Linn. Local Name: Pulpulak Habit: A perennial herb of moist habitat. Botanical Name: Polygonum amplexicaulis HK. f. Local Name: Tarva parna. Habit: A perennial herb of temperate habitat.0 Botanical Name: Portulaca olearacea Linn. Local Name: Warkharae.
13 Habit: A cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Podophyllum emodi Wall. Ex Royle Local Name: Kakora Habit: A shade loving herb Botanical Name: Populus caspica Bornm Syn: Pinus longifolia Roxb. Ex Lamb Local Name: Nakhtar Habit: A characteristic tree of subtropical pine forest. Botanical Name: Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson Syn: Pinus excelsa Wall Local Name: Peeuch Habit: A characteristic tall tree of moist temperate habitat. Botanical Name: Picea smithiana (Wall) Boiss Local Name: Mangazaey Habit: Characteristic conifer of moist temperate forest. Botanical Name: Pisum sativum Linn. Local Name: Matar Habit: A cultivated climbing herb Botanical Name: Platanus orientalis Linn Local Name: Chinar Habit: A cultivated/wild huge deciduous tree. Botanical Name: Plectranthus rugosus Wall. Ex Bth Local Name: Burtus, Spirkay Habit: A medium sized shrub of exposed dry places. Botanical Name: Prunus domestica Linn. Local Name: Alucha. Habit: A medium sized cultivated fruit tree with many varieties. Botanical Name: Prnus armeniaca Marsh. Local Name: Khubanai Habit: A cultivated fruit tree with many varities. Botanical Name: Prunus persica Linn.
14 Syn: Amagdalus persica Linn Local Name: Shaltalu Habit: A small sized wild/cultivated fruit tree with many varieties. Botanical Name: Punica granatum Linn. Local Name: Ananghorai Habit: A wild/cultivated fruit yielding small bush like tree. Botanical Name: Pteredium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Syn: Pteris equilinum Linn Local Name: Kwanjai Habit: A perennial fern of moist shady area. Botanical Name: Pyrus pashia Ham ex. D. Don Local Name: Tangai Habit: A wild fruit tree Botanical Name: Quercus dialatata Lindle ex Royle Local Name: Spin banj. Habit: A slow growing tree. Botanical Name: Quercus incana Roxb. Local Name: Toor banj Habit: A slow growing tree. Botanical Name: Ranunculus aquatalis Linn. Local Name: Jaghagha Habit: An equatic herb Botanical Name: Raphanus sativus Linn Local Name: Mooley. Habit: Cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Ricinis communis Linn. Local Name: Herhanda Habit: A perennial herbaceous shrub. Botanical Name: Rosa moschata J. Herm. Local Name: Zangaley Gulab Habit: Climbing shrub of hilly areas. Botanical Name: Rosa spp.
15 Local Name: Palwari Habit: Climbing to prostrate shrub. Botanical Name: Robinia pseudoaccacia Linn. Local Name: Kikar Habit: A cultivated tree. Botanical Name: Rubus ellipticus Smith. Local Name: Sra karwara Habit: A climbing shrub. Part Uses: Fruit, leaves. Uses: Leaves serve as fodder for goats, hedge plant. Botanical Name: Rubus fruticousus Hk. f. Local Name: Karwara Habit: A prostrate to climbing shrub. Botanical Name: Rumex nepalensis Spreng. Local Name: Shalkhay Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Rumex hastatus Linn Local Name: Tarookay Habit: Common plant of cliffs. Botanical Name: Saccharum bengalnese Retz. Local Name: Sharghashay Habit: A grass of water course and field margins. Botanical Name: Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Local Name: Kahai Habit: A grass of moist, marchy habitat. Botanical Name: Salix babylonica Linn Local Name: Wala. Habit: Dicidous tree along water courses Botanical Name: Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Local Name: Wala Habit: A deciduous tree along water courses. Botanical Name: Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv
16 Local Name: Wakha Habit: Small grass of fields and waste areas. Botanical Name: Senecio chrysenthemoides D.C. Local Name: Ziar gualay. Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Silene vulgaris Linn. Local Name: Manghotay Botanical Name: Solanum miniatum Benth. Ex Wild SYN: Solanum nigrum L. Local Name: Kachmachu Habit: A wild herb Botanical Name: Solanum surratense Burm. f. Syn:Solanum xanthocrpum Schard-ex Whendl. Local Name: Manraghonay. Habit: A small spiny prostrate herb. Botanical Name: Solanum tuburosum Linn. Local Name: Aloo Habit: A cultivated tuberous herb. Botanical Name: Solanum esculentum Linn. Local Name: Batinganr. Habit: A cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Sorgham halepense (Linn) Bres Local Name: Dadum Habit: Perennial rhizomatous weed. Botanical Name: Spinacea oleracea Linn. Local Name: Palak. Habit: A cultivated vegetable of autumn. Botanical Name: Thalictrum foliosum D.C. Local Name: Mamera. Habit: A rhizomatous herb of temperate areas. Botanical Name: Taraxacum officinale Webber. Local Name: Zair gulae.
17 Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Taxus wallichiana Local Name: Banya Habit: Conifer of moist temperate forest. Botanical Name: Trifolium repense Linn. Local Name: Shautal Habit: A wild/cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Tagates minuta Linn. Local Name: Zangaley Hamisha Habit: Annual wild/cultivated herb Botanical Name: Triticum aestivum Linn. Local Name: Ghanam Habit: A cultivated cereal crop. Botanical Name: Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. Local Name: Kwandi botay. Habit: Herbaceous plant of exposed areas. Botanical Name: Urtica dioca Linn. Local Name: Sizunkay. Habit: An annual stinging herb of moist and shady habitat. Botanical Name: Valeriana jatamansi Jones Local Name: Mushk-e-Bala Habit: A perennial herb of temperate forests Botanical Name: Verbascum thapsus Linn Local Name: Khardhag Habit: An annual herb. Botanical Name: Viburnum foetens (D.Don) Wall ex. D.C. (fig .8) Local Name: Ghaz meva. Habit: Shrub of exposed habitat in temperate forests. Botanical Name: Viola betonicifolia Sm. (Fig 9) Local Name: Banafsha. Habit: A perennial herb of temperate forests.
18 Botanical Name: Viola canscens Wall ex Roxb. (Fig. 10) Local Name: Banafsha Habit: A perennial herb of temperate areas. Botanical Name: Vitex negundo Linn Syn:Vitex incise Lam Local Name: Marvandaey Habit: A medium sized shrub of water courses and graveyards. Botanical Name: Vitis jacquemontii Parker Local Name: Ghedar kwar. Habit: A perennial wild climber, sometimes covering whole tree. Botanical Name: Xanthium strumarium Linn. Local Name: Ghiskay. Habit: An annual herb of waste land. Botanical Name: Zanthoxylum armatum D.C. Local Name: Dambara Habit: A medium sized spiny shrub. Botanical Name: Zea mays Linn Local Name: Jawar Habit: A cultivated crop. Botanical Name: Zizyphus sativa Gaertn. Local Name: Markhanaey Habit: Spiny medium sized tree.

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Forest Trees of Kashmir Valley

  • 1. 1 Forest Trees Botanical Name: Abies pindrow Royle Local Name: Achar Common Names: Zarnab (U); West Himalayan Silver Fir (Eng.) Habit: Tall coniferous tree of temperate regions Botanical Name: Acacia modesta Wall Local Name: Palosa Common Names: Phulai (U) Habit: Tree Botanical Name: Achyranthus aspera L. Local Name: Gishkay Common Names: Puthkanda (U) Habit: A perennial wasteland herb Botanical name: Acorus calamus L. Local Name: Skhawaja. Common names: Warch (U); Sweet flag (Engl.) Habit: Herb of moist places Botanical Name: Adiantum venestum D.Don. Local Name: Sumbal Common Names: Persoshan (U); Maiden Hair Fern (Eng.) Habit: Shade and moisture loving small fern Botanical Name: Adiantum nigrum L. Local Name: Sumbal Habit: Shade and moisture loving fern Botanical Name: Aesculus indica (Wall. ex. Cambl.) Hk.f. Local Name: Jawaz Common Names: Horse Chestnut (Eng.) Habit: A large deciduous tree of temperate areas Botanical Name: Ailanthus altissima (Mill) Swingle Local Name: Backyanra Common Names: Tree of Heaven (Eng.) Habit: Large size fast growing cultivated tree Botanical Name: Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex. Benth.
  • 2. 2 Local Name: Khwaga Bootei Common Names: Kauri Booti & Neel Khanti (U) Habit: Shade loving herb growing in crevices Botanical Name: Allium cepa Linn, Local Name: Piaz Habit: A cultivated vegetable Botanical Name: Allium sativum Linn Local Name: Ooga Habit: A common cultivated vegetable Botanical Name: Alnus nitida Endl Local Name: Geiray Habit: Tree growing along water courses. Botanical Name: Amaratus viridis Linn. Syn: Amaranthus gracilis Linn Local Name: Chalwaey Habit: Annual herb every common in summer. Botanical Name: Andrancne cordifolia Muell. Local Name: Krachay Habit: A perennial herb Botanical Name: Amaranthus spinosus Linn Local Name: Chalwaey Habit: A common annual weed at waste places Botanical Name: Apluda mutica Linn Local Name: Wakha Habit: Common grass Botanical Name: Arisaema flavum schott Local Name: Marjarai Habit: Perennial herb of moist shady habitat. Botanical Name: Artemisia scoporia Waldst and Ket. Syn: Artemisia trichophylla Wall. Ex DC Local Name: Jaukay Habit: Leaves, shoots,seeds
  • 3. 3 Botanical Name: Aristida cyanatha Neez ex Steud Local Name: Wakha Habit: Common grass growing everywhere in plains and foot hills. Botanical Name: Asparagus officinalis Linn. Local Name: Tendorai Habit: Perennial herb. Botanical Name: Asphodelus tenuifolius Cavan Local Name: Piazakay, Oogakaey Habit: Common spring weed Botanical Name: Avena sativa Linn. Local Name: Jamdar Habit: An annual weed of wheat field. Botanical Name: Berberis lycium Royle Local Name: Kwaray Habit: Spiny shrub of exposed places Botanical Name: Bergenia himalyca Boriss Local Name: Makanpat Habit: Rhizomatous plant of shady moist habitat. Botanical Name: Brassica camapestris Linn. Local Name: Sharshum Habit: A cultivated vegetable and oil seed crop. Botanical Name: Brassica campestris Linn . Var. rapa. Local Name: Tepar Habit: A cultivated vegetable Botanical Name: Brassica olaraceae Linn . Var. botrytis Local Name: Ghobi Habit: A cultivated vegetable. Botanical Name: Buxus sempervirense HK.f. Local Name: Shamshad Habit: Shrub growing under trees Botanical Name: Calotropic procera (Willd.) R.Br. Syn: Asciepias procera Willd.
  • 4. 4 Local Name: Spulmaey Habit: Common weed of waste, dry and exposed. Botanical Name: Calendula arvensis Linn. Local Name: Zair gulae. Habit: An annual wild herb. Botanical Name: Calendula officinale Linn. Local Name: Zair gulae Habit: A cultivated ornamental herb. Botanical Name: Canabis sativa Linn. Syn: Canabis indica Lamk. Local Name: Bhang Habit: An annual wild herb of waste places. Botanical Name: Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Bth ex HK.f. Syn: Boucerosia edulis Edgew. Local Name: Pamankay Habit: A succulent perennial herb. Botanical Name: Conyza canadensis Conquist Local Name: Malloch Habit: Common wild herb. Botanical Name: Capsella bursa-pastoris (Linn.) Medic. Local Name: Bambaisa Habit: An annual weed. Botanical Name: Capsicum annum Linn. Local Name: Ghat Marchakay Habit: An annual cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Celtis caucasica Linn. Local Name: Tagha Habit: A medium to tall size tree of foot hills Botanical Name: Clematis grata Wall. Local Name: Ghrazela Habit: Common wild climbing herb. Botanical Name: Chenopodium album Linn.
  • 5. 5 Local Name: Sarmay Habit: An annual wild weed of fields. Botanical Name: Convolulus arvensis Linn. Local Name: Prewatai Habit: An annual climbing herb. Botanical Name: Colocasia esculentum Linn. Local Name: Kachaloo Habit: Cultivated vegetable Botanical Name: Cotonester microphylla Wall Local Name: Kharawa Habit: A medium sized shrub. Botanical Name: Colchicum Luteum Baker. Local Name: Suranjan-e-sherin Habit: Rhizomatous plant of moist temperate forests. Botanical Name: Citrulus colocynthis Shard. Syn: Cucumis colocynthis Linn Local Name: Kalkundaey Habit: A prostrate herb found in dry maize fields. Botanical Name: Coriandrum sativum Linn. Local Name: Dhanyal Habit: An annual cultivated herb Botanical Name: Cucumis sativus Linn. Local Name: Badrang Habit: Prostrate to climbing herb. Botanical Name: Cucurbita Spp. Local Name: Bindol Habit: A cultivated climbing herb. Botanical Name: Cucurbita maxima Linn. Local Name: Khog Kadoo Habit: A cultivated prostrate to climbing herb. Botanical Name: Cucurbita pepo Linn.
  • 6. 6 Local Name: Gharangy Kadoo Habit: An annual prostrate to climbing cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Daphne oloides Schreb. Syn: Daphne mucronata Royle Local Name: Laighonai Habit: Common chrub. Botanical Name: Datura innoxia Mill Local Name: Dhatura/Mangaz Habit: Common waste land herb. Botanical Name: Debregeasia salicifolia (D. Don) Rendle Syn: Boehmeria salicifollia D.Don Local Name: Ajlai Habit: A water course shrub. Botanical Name: Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) P.Beauv. Local Name: Wakha. Habit: A common grass. Botanical Name: Dicanthium annulatum (Forssk) Local Name: Wahka Habit: Common medium sized grass. Botanical Name: Diospyrus lotus Linn. (Fig. 3) Local Name: Toor amlook Habit: A wild medium sized tree. Botanical Name: Diospyrus kaki Linn .(Fig. 4) Local Name: Ziar Amlook Habit: This Japanese persimmon is grafted in the local Diospyrus lotus. Botanical Name: Diplachne fusca (L.) P. Beauv. Local Name: Bangaya Habit: A medium sized grass of dry habitat. Botanical Name: Dodonea viscosa (L.) Jacq. (Fig. 5) Local Name: Ghwaraskay. Habit: A shrubby plant of exposed dry habitat. Botanical Name: Dryopteris stewartii More K ze.
  • 7. 7 Local Name: Unknown. Habit: A fern of moist shady areas. Botanical Name: Fragaria indica Andrew. Local Name: Da Zamki Toot. Botanical Name: Echinops graffithianus Boiss. Local Name: Unknown Habit: A common spiny weed of exposed sites. Botanical Name: Equisetum arvense Linn. Local Name: Bandakay. Habit: A tall narrow herb of moist habitat. Botanical Name: Ehretia obtusifolia Hochst . ex DC. (Fig . 6) Syn: Ehretia obvata R. Br. Local Name: Ghada botay. Habit: A medium sized shrub. Botanical Name: Euphorbia helioscopa Linn. Local Name: Prewatka. Habit: An annual weed of fields. Botanical Name: Euphoriba prostrata Ait. Local Name: Warmaga. Habit: A prostrate annual herb. Botanical Name: Euphorbia wallichii Hk.f. Local Name: Shangla Habit: A common herb in moist temperate forests. Botanical Name: Eriophorum comosum (Wall ex Roxb) Nees. Local Name: Wakha Habit: Grass of dry habitat. Botanical Name: Eucalptus globulus. Local Name: Lachi. Habit: Tall cultivated tree. Botanical Name: Ficus carica Forsk Local Name: Inzar Habit: Medium sized cultivated tree.
  • 8. 8 Botanical Name: Ficus palmate Forsk Syn: Ficus varigata Roxb. Local Name: Inzar Habit: A medium sized wild tree growing on slopes. Botanical Name: Gentiana kurroo Royle. Local Name: Unknown Habit: Small herb is exposed habitat. Botanical Name: Geranium collinum Steph ex Willd. Local Name: Srazella Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Gymnosporia royleana Wall ex Lawson Local Name: Soor azghay. Habit: A spiny shrub of foot hills Botanical Name: Hedera nepalensis K. Koch. Local Name: Da Wano kalay. Habit: Tall liana climbing trees. Botanical Name: Helianthus annuus Linn. Local Name: Nwar parast. Habit: A tall cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. Ex. Roem. & Schult. Local Name: Barwaza. Habit: A medium sized grass. Botanical Name: Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Syn: Hibiscus esculentus Linn. Local Name: Bhindi. Habit: A cultivated vegetable in summer. Botanical Name: Indigeofera heterantha Wall. Ex Brand. Syn: Indigeofera gerardiana Wall ex Baker. Local Name: Ghoureja. Habit: A medium sized shrub of exposed habitat. Botanical Name: Ipomoea carica Jacq. Syn: Ipomoea palmata Forssk.
  • 9. 9 Local Name: Unknown. Habit: A wild climbing weed in maize field. Botanical Name: Jasminum humile Linn. Local Name: Zair Rambail Chambail/Yasmin. Habit: A wild ornamental climbing shrub. Uses: It is ornamental. Root decoction is used for curing ringworms. Botanical Name: Jasminum officinale Linn. Local Name: Spin Rambail Chambail, Yasmin. Habit: A wild cultivated ornamental plant. Botanical Name: Justicia adhatoda L. Synonym: Adhatoda vasica Nees . Family: Acanthaceae Local Name: Baikar Common Names: Arusa & Bhekar (U); Malabar Nut & Casaka (Eng.) Habit: Non palatable shrub Botanical Name: Juglans regia Linn. Local Name: Ghuz Habit: A wild/cultivated large deciduous tree. Botanical Name: Limmonium gilesii (Hemsl. & Aitch) Rech. f. Local Name: Watwatakay. Habit: Succulent herb of dry exposed hills. Botanical Name: Lathyrus sativus Linn. Local Name: Chillo. Habit: A prostrate herb. Botanical Name: Lathyrus apache Linn. Local Name: Kurkamanay. Habit: Prostrate herb. Botanical Name: Luffa cylindrica (L.) Room. Syn: Luffa aegyptica Miller. ex Hk. f. Local Name: Torai. Habit: A cultivated climbing vegetable. Botanical Name: Malus pumila Mill. Syn: Pyrus malus Linn.
  • 10. 10 Local Name: Manra. Habit: A cultivated fruit trtee with many varities. Botanical Name: Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Syn: Mentha sylvestris Linn. Local Name: Villanay. Habit: A perennial herb of moist area. Botanical Name: Mentha spicata Linn. Syn: Mentha viridus Linn. Local Name: Podina. Habit: A perennial cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Melia azedarach Linn. Local Name: Tora Bikyana, Shandai. Habit: A medium sized wild/cultivated tree. Botanical Name: Malva neglecta Wall. Local Name: Panerak, Samchal Habit: A cultivated hurb Botanical Name: Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Local Name: Gul-e-Bada. Habit: A perennial ornamental herb. Botanical Name: Morchella esculenta (Linn.) Pers ex Fr. Local Name: Goujai Habit: Mushroom of moist temperate habitat. Botanical Name: Micromeria biflora (Bunhi Ham ex D. Don. Benth) Local Name: Unknown Habit: Small herb of crevices. Botanical Name: Morus alba Linn. Local Name: Spin toot. Habit: A cultivated or wild deciduous tree. Botanical Name: Morus nigra Linn. Local Name: Toor Toot. Habit: A cultivated or wild deciduous tree. Botanical Name: Myrsine Africana Linn.
  • 11. 11 Local Name: Maru-rang Habit: A medium sized shrub. Botanical Name: Myrtus cummunis Linn. Local Name: Manro Habit: A medium sized shrub. Botanical Name: Memordica charantia Linn. Local Name: Karela Habit: A cultivated prostrate to climbing herb. Botanical Name: Narcissus tazetta Linn. Local Name: Gul-e-Gangass, Gul-e-Nargis. Habit: A perennial herb of graveyards flowering in early spring. Botanical Name: Nasturtium officinale R. Br. Local Name: Talmeera. Habit: A perennial herb of moist habitat. Botanical Name: Nerium indicum Mill .(Fig.7) Syn: Nerium odorum Soland. Local Name: Ganderay Habit: A huge shrub of water courses. Botanical Name: Nicotiana tabaccum Linn. Local Name: Tambacco Habit: Cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Olea ferrugenea Royle Local Name: Khona Habit: Tall evergreen tree specified to graveyards. Botanical Name: Origanum vulgare Linn. Syn: origanum normal D.Don Local Name: Shamakay Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Oryza sativa Linn. Local Name: Sholy Habit: Cultivated staple crop where there is plenty of water. Botanical Name: Onychium japonicum (Thunb.). Kze
  • 12. 12 Local Name: Not known Habit: Fern of moist temperate forests. Botanical Name: Otostegia limbata (Bth.) Boiss Syn: Ballota limbata Bth. Local Name: Spin azghay, Pishkanr. Habit: A small sized shrub. Botanical Name: Oxalis corniculata Linn. Local Name: Manzakay Tarookay. Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Papaver rhoeas Linn Local Name: Alak Janaey Habit: An annual plant flowering early in spring. Botanical Name: Papaver somniferum Linn. Local Name: Qash-Qash Habit: A rarely cultivated herb on margins of gardens Botanical Name: Paeonia emodi Wall ex Hk. f. Local Name: Mamaikh Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Plantago lanceolatum Linn. Local Name: Jabai Habit: An annual herb. Botanical Name: Polygonum arenastrum boreau Local Name: Not known Habit: A perennial herb of moist habitat. Botanical Name: Polygonum barbatum Linn. Local Name: Pulpulak Habit: A perennial herb of moist habitat. Botanical Name: Polygonum amplexicaulis HK. f. Local Name: Tarva parna. Habit: A perennial herb of temperate habitat.0 Botanical Name: Portulaca olearacea Linn. Local Name: Warkharae.
  • 13. 13 Habit: A cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Podophyllum emodi Wall. Ex Royle Local Name: Kakora Habit: A shade loving herb Botanical Name: Populus caspica Bornm Syn: Pinus longifolia Roxb. Ex Lamb Local Name: Nakhtar Habit: A characteristic tree of subtropical pine forest. Botanical Name: Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jackson Syn: Pinus excelsa Wall Local Name: Peeuch Habit: A characteristic tall tree of moist temperate habitat. Botanical Name: Picea smithiana (Wall) Boiss Local Name: Mangazaey Habit: Characteristic conifer of moist temperate forest. Botanical Name: Pisum sativum Linn. Local Name: Matar Habit: A cultivated climbing herb Botanical Name: Platanus orientalis Linn Local Name: Chinar Habit: A cultivated/wild huge deciduous tree. Botanical Name: Plectranthus rugosus Wall. Ex Bth Local Name: Burtus, Spirkay Habit: A medium sized shrub of exposed dry places. Botanical Name: Prunus domestica Linn. Local Name: Alucha. Habit: A medium sized cultivated fruit tree with many varieties. Botanical Name: Prnus armeniaca Marsh. Local Name: Khubanai Habit: A cultivated fruit tree with many varities. Botanical Name: Prunus persica Linn.
  • 14. 14 Syn: Amagdalus persica Linn Local Name: Shaltalu Habit: A small sized wild/cultivated fruit tree with many varieties. Botanical Name: Punica granatum Linn. Local Name: Ananghorai Habit: A wild/cultivated fruit yielding small bush like tree. Botanical Name: Pteredium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Syn: Pteris equilinum Linn Local Name: Kwanjai Habit: A perennial fern of moist shady area. Botanical Name: Pyrus pashia Ham ex. D. Don Local Name: Tangai Habit: A wild fruit tree Botanical Name: Quercus dialatata Lindle ex Royle Local Name: Spin banj. Habit: A slow growing tree. Botanical Name: Quercus incana Roxb. Local Name: Toor banj Habit: A slow growing tree. Botanical Name: Ranunculus aquatalis Linn. Local Name: Jaghagha Habit: An equatic herb Botanical Name: Raphanus sativus Linn Local Name: Mooley. Habit: Cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Ricinis communis Linn. Local Name: Herhanda Habit: A perennial herbaceous shrub. Botanical Name: Rosa moschata J. Herm. Local Name: Zangaley Gulab Habit: Climbing shrub of hilly areas. Botanical Name: Rosa spp.
  • 15. 15 Local Name: Palwari Habit: Climbing to prostrate shrub. Botanical Name: Robinia pseudoaccacia Linn. Local Name: Kikar Habit: A cultivated tree. Botanical Name: Rubus ellipticus Smith. Local Name: Sra karwara Habit: A climbing shrub. Part Uses: Fruit, leaves. Uses: Leaves serve as fodder for goats, hedge plant. Botanical Name: Rubus fruticousus Hk. f. Local Name: Karwara Habit: A prostrate to climbing shrub. Botanical Name: Rumex nepalensis Spreng. Local Name: Shalkhay Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Rumex hastatus Linn Local Name: Tarookay Habit: Common plant of cliffs. Botanical Name: Saccharum bengalnese Retz. Local Name: Sharghashay Habit: A grass of water course and field margins. Botanical Name: Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Local Name: Kahai Habit: A grass of moist, marchy habitat. Botanical Name: Salix babylonica Linn Local Name: Wala. Habit: Dicidous tree along water courses Botanical Name: Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Local Name: Wala Habit: A deciduous tree along water courses. Botanical Name: Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv
  • 16. 16 Local Name: Wakha Habit: Small grass of fields and waste areas. Botanical Name: Senecio chrysenthemoides D.C. Local Name: Ziar gualay. Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Silene vulgaris Linn. Local Name: Manghotay Botanical Name: Solanum miniatum Benth. Ex Wild SYN: Solanum nigrum L. Local Name: Kachmachu Habit: A wild herb Botanical Name: Solanum surratense Burm. f. Syn:Solanum xanthocrpum Schard-ex Whendl. Local Name: Manraghonay. Habit: A small spiny prostrate herb. Botanical Name: Solanum tuburosum Linn. Local Name: Aloo Habit: A cultivated tuberous herb. Botanical Name: Solanum esculentum Linn. Local Name: Batinganr. Habit: A cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Sorgham halepense (Linn) Bres Local Name: Dadum Habit: Perennial rhizomatous weed. Botanical Name: Spinacea oleracea Linn. Local Name: Palak. Habit: A cultivated vegetable of autumn. Botanical Name: Thalictrum foliosum D.C. Local Name: Mamera. Habit: A rhizomatous herb of temperate areas. Botanical Name: Taraxacum officinale Webber. Local Name: Zair gulae.
  • 17. 17 Habit: A perennial herb. Botanical Name: Taxus wallichiana Local Name: Banya Habit: Conifer of moist temperate forest. Botanical Name: Trifolium repense Linn. Local Name: Shautal Habit: A wild/cultivated herb. Botanical Name: Tagates minuta Linn. Local Name: Zangaley Hamisha Habit: Annual wild/cultivated herb Botanical Name: Triticum aestivum Linn. Local Name: Ghanam Habit: A cultivated cereal crop. Botanical Name: Teucrium stocksianum Boiss. Local Name: Kwandi botay. Habit: Herbaceous plant of exposed areas. Botanical Name: Urtica dioca Linn. Local Name: Sizunkay. Habit: An annual stinging herb of moist and shady habitat. Botanical Name: Valeriana jatamansi Jones Local Name: Mushk-e-Bala Habit: A perennial herb of temperate forests Botanical Name: Verbascum thapsus Linn Local Name: Khardhag Habit: An annual herb. Botanical Name: Viburnum foetens (D.Don) Wall ex. D.C. (fig .8) Local Name: Ghaz meva. Habit: Shrub of exposed habitat in temperate forests. Botanical Name: Viola betonicifolia Sm. (Fig 9) Local Name: Banafsha. Habit: A perennial herb of temperate forests.
  • 18. 18 Botanical Name: Viola canscens Wall ex Roxb. (Fig. 10) Local Name: Banafsha Habit: A perennial herb of temperate areas. Botanical Name: Vitex negundo Linn Syn:Vitex incise Lam Local Name: Marvandaey Habit: A medium sized shrub of water courses and graveyards. Botanical Name: Vitis jacquemontii Parker Local Name: Ghedar kwar. Habit: A perennial wild climber, sometimes covering whole tree. Botanical Name: Xanthium strumarium Linn. Local Name: Ghiskay. Habit: An annual herb of waste land. Botanical Name: Zanthoxylum armatum D.C. Local Name: Dambara Habit: A medium sized spiny shrub. Botanical Name: Zea mays Linn Local Name: Jawar Habit: A cultivated crop. Botanical Name: Zizyphus sativa Gaertn. Local Name: Markhanaey Habit: Spiny medium sized tree.