The Importance Of Physical Evidence

The Importance Of Physical Evidence
Physical Evidence
Physical Evidence has always been a key factor in solving any crime scene. It is any evidence that could tell the investigators about the crime being
investigated. Physical evidence which is found at the crime scene is good evidence to link the details on what occurred. It is also good evidence to
find the suspect and also the victim in some cases. This paper will discuss a variety of physical evidence like DNA, firearms and ballistics, and also drug
evidence. It will also discuss how they are collected, documented and preserved.
DNA Evidence
DNA is one of the main and important evidence to find in a crime scene. DNA evidence can be anything like blood, bone, hair and body fluids.
Crime scenes that contain this type of evidence comes with an advantage that, "no two people have the same DNA" (Dutelle, 2017). Therefore, it
can be matched to a specific suspect or can also eliminate someone from being involved in a crime. Documenting DNA has a slight difference on
how it is collected, documented and preserved. For example, blood has to be recorded by its physical state and if it is moist or dried. The amount
present has to be recorded, for example, if there is a few drops or a small pool of blood. The shape of the blood has to be recorded if it is smeared or
round drops, the location also needs to be recorded. The pattern of the stains, atmosphere conditions, date and time observed. Lastly, scaled and
unscaled photographs of stains need to be recorded.
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A Brief Note On The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome
Alexis Apicella
Chapter 5.
1) I live in the Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome and within this biome the temperature and precipitation are the most important determinants. There
are distinct seasons where the summers are warmer than in the winters. Also in the fall the leaves will fall off of the trees and in the following spring
they will appear again. These factors have changed over the past 100 years due to global warming. The weather within seasons have changed resulting
in more frequent hot days and fewer cool days.
2) We cannot protect people from a natural disturbance such as a fire, because it is a natural part of an ecosystem and are bound to happen. We cannot
control flooding, windstorms, or earthquakes, which are also natural disturbances, therefore we prevent fires where houses were built in the path.
Chapter 6.
3) There are more disadvantages of living longer or reproducing more quickly then there are advantages. In order for a species to survive they must
have access to food and water. As apopulation is growing at a fast rate they are using up their environment much quicker then before. The
environment has no time to replenish itself since every moment animals are looking to feed. Each environment has a limited capacity of they are able
to offer a species and once that capacity is met, shortages of food and resources eventually lead to a population crash.
4) Abiotic factors are caused by nonliving components of the environment and are density independent

The Development of an Artificial Life based Software...
The behavior of a solution or a service can be analyzed by taking into account the interaction between the components of the software. These
interactions can be analyzed by developing a framework based on Artificial Life. This calls for the development of an Artificial Life based Software
Ecosystem model. This paper proposes a framework using Artificial Life in the Software Ecosystem. In order to find the gaps in the existing
methodologies, extensive literature review has been carried out. It was found that the interest in the topic has been on the increase and the advent of
professional Ecosystems has helped popularizing the phenomenon. However, the present framework do not use the data related to evolution of the
Software for later stages. The proposed methodology would pave way of Artificial Life in Software Ecosystem.
1.INTRODUCTION A Software Ecosystem (SE) considers developers, clients, operating system, underlying hardware and other peripheral
components. A SE considers the concept of evolution of the software in the same way as the evolution of a natural ecosystem. It has been pointed out
by many researchers that considering the system's evolution would lead to a better and comprehensive analysis of the software which would ultimately
help in management and development of new versions. The point can be understood by the following analogy. If we consider that evolution of a human
being, then what humans have done in order to achieve, what they have been able to

Essay about Cmis 102 Hw 2
CMIS 102 Homework 2 Problem Analysis In order to calculate the total price to purchase all the components required to build a state–of–the–art
gaming computer, state–of–the–art must be defined. For the purposes of this program design, state–of–the–art is defined as a set of computer
components that are capable of operating current games to a satisfactory level. A sample of minimum and recommended hardware requirements for
modern games was taken and a baseline established for components that satisfy those requirements. Additional hardware was selected that exceeds the
requirements to establish options representing mid–range and bleeding–edge components. These three sets of components were researched online to
determine prices... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These tasks directly correspond to the modules of our design. An input module will display a list of 11 drop down boxes, one for each component
type. Each drop–down box will contain the options available for that component type, with the baseline category option as the default. A calculation
module will look up the prices for the selected components in the database and compute the sum total. A display module will output the result to the
user. A main module will tie the other modules together and coordinate the calling of each module and the data passed between them.
MAIN_MODULE: /* Set the defaults to baseline components */ SET selectedComponents = baselineComponents CALL INPUT_MODULE SET
totalPrice = CALCULATE_MODULE CALL DISPLAY_MODULE(totalPrice) INPUT_MODULE: FOR EACH component type get list of
components from the database of TYPE component type populate the combo box for component type with the list of components of that type END
FOR /* Wait for the user to finish input then store the selections */ SET selectedComponents = values of the drop down boxes RETURN
CALCULATE_MODULE: SET totalPrice = 0 FOR EACH component IN selectedComponents SET currentComponentPrice = look up the PRICE of
the component in the database totalPrice = totalPrice + currentComponentPrice END FOR RETURN totalPrice

The Duckweed Experiment: Effects of Lowering Light...
Abstract Duckweed is a small aquatic plant that is able to grow rapidly, making it the ideal specimen for our experiment. It is hypothesized that
altering the amount of light received by duckweed will alter its photosynthetic rate. It is predicted that a lower light intensity will lower the rate of
growth in duckweed. Two treatment groups were covered with a screen in order to reduce light intensity. Both groups were kept under a controlled
light source for fourteen days and plant counts were taken at regular intervals. The ravg for the experimental group was 0.1613 and the ravg for the
control group was 0.2047. The results indicated that our predictions were correct; duckweed that received less light exhibited a lower rate of... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The average population on day 13 for the treatment group was 172.5 individuals and 307 individuals for the control group. Our results show that
the group which received less light had a lower population count and exhibited a lower overall per capita growth rate. The average population
count for duckweed in the treatment groups was lower than that in the control groups for each day data was recorded (Table 1). By day fourteen,
the average population size of the control group reached 307 individuals, nearly twice that of the treatment group (Table 1). Table I: Population
count for duckweed in the presence/absence of a screen over a period of fourteen days DayAverage population count of Duckweed in the absence
of a screenAverage population count of Duckweed in the presence of a screen 020.519.5 55345 78565 11185.5138 13307172.5 Using the
experimental data, we calculated the per capita population growth rate of Lemna minor using the equation r = 1/tв€™ln(Nt/N0). The results showed
that duckweed grown in the presence of a screen exhibited a lower per capita growth rate than duckweed grown in the absence of a screen (Table 2).
Table II: Calculated per–capita population growth rate (r) values for each group over a fourteen day period. All values measured in day–1
DayDuckweed grown in the absence of screen (1)Duckweed grown in the absence of screen (2)Duckweed grown in the presence of

lab 1 interreach variability Essay
Interreach variability and correlation analyses between biotic and abiotic factors of the Old Chelsea stream
BIO2129 Section
Demonstrators:
October 1, 2014
Department of Biology
Hypotheses
Water quality parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, seston, water temperature etc. are important variables in the abundance and diversity of benthic
macroinvertebrates of the Old Chelsea stream. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that pH and dissolved oxygen have a direct correlation on biotic factors
within the stream. Furthermore, due to the surface water velocity variations of the stream, it is hypothesized that water pH and dissolved oxygen
interreach variability is statistically significant.
Results
Note that for figures 1 and 2, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In figure 2, we observe that dissolved oxygen levels are higher in site 2 compared to site 1 and that variations within the same site are rather small.
Lastly, both figure 1 and figure 2 show slightly higher elevations of both pH and dissolved oxygen at the 3rd location of sampling. In figure 3, we
observe a significant correlation between pH and Simpson's Diversity Index where it can be noted that the higher the level of pH, the higher the
diversity index. In figure 4, we observe an unsupported correlation between pH and total taxa. Henceforth, total taxa does not depend on pH levels.
In figure 5, an unsupported correlation between is observed between dissolved oxygen and Simpson's Diversity Index. In figure 6, an unsupported
correlation is observed between dissolved oxygen and total taxa. As in figure 4, it can be concluded from these observations that total taxa does not
depend on dissolved oxygen levels in the water. In figure 7, it is observed that the percent relative abundance of taxa at site 1 does not share a
particular link with the percent relative abundance of taxa at site 2. Furthermore, different taxa are shown to be dominant for both sites. Ephemeroptera
and Odonata are the only taxa shared by both sites according to this figure. In table 1, the most prominent statistical conclusion was failure to reject the
null hypothesis, that the variability of abiotic factors (pH and dissolved oxygen)

Taking a Look at Taiga Biome
Taiga Biome
Take a peek inside to learn all about the magnificent Taiga biome.
As we travel through the Taiga you will be taken to four different locations.
1.The Wild Taiga in Finland– This historic place is home to the Taiga's beautiful nature. Enjoy crystal blue waters, and in the winter months enjoy
touring the Esker Valleys which were said to be formed during the time of the Ice Age.
2.The Wood Buffalo National Park is located in Canada and is a part of theTaiga Biome. You will see a variety of animals such as Wolves, Bears, and
foxes. You will also see the Taiga's keystone and indicator species in this area.
3.The next stop is The Great Bear Lake in Northern Canada. This is Canada's largest lake. Unlike other lakes in the world, this one is fairly clean. It
has no evidence of human activity. You will be taken on a large boat across the Lake to enjoy the beautiful sights of the Taiga.
4.The last stop on the tour will be Mackenzie River. The Mackenzie River is larger than the Mississippi River. You will be taken by the Marshland to
see productive wildlife and learn all about the Taiga Biome.
Faunal
The American Black Bear can be spotted in the Taiga fairly easy. It's huge demurer is easily spotted as it weighs up to 230
–500 lbs. They will eat
anything, but most of the diet comes from plants. Be careful not to get too close as these creatures can be very protective and aggressive.
The Gray Wolf is the biggest canine in the Taiga. To adapt the Gray Wolf has very

Gun, Hunting, And Personal Defense
Putting rounds down range every time you pull the trigger on your firearm is very important, whether for target shooting, hunting, or personal defense.
Equally important to putting rounds down range is the proper maintenance of your firearm. There are many types of firearms in today's world with
some that are more complicated than others in their operation and maintenance. One of the easier firearms to maintain is the Armalite Rifle, Model 15,
otherwise known as the AR–15. The basic disassembly, or field striping, of the AR–15, is universal regardless of who the manufacture is or how the gas
system is set up. You will only need a clear work surface, a beach towel or similar item, and a number 2 punch to complete the disassembly process....
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Place your towel flat on your work surface before proceeding (this is to help prevent oil, grease, powder residue, and your firearm from damaging
the work surface). The first step in disassembly after making the weapon clear and safe is to separate the upper receiver group from the lower
receiver group. Locate the takedown pin, which is located just above the safety, and the pivot pin, which is located at the front of the lower
receiver. With your number 2 punch depress the takedown pin from the left side. You should feel a noticeable click when the takedown pin
overcomes the force of the takedown pin detent. Repeat for the pivot pin, being careful not to push the pin all the way through the receiver. The
takedown pin and pivot pins should now be partially extended on the right side of the lower receiver. Lay the firearm on its left side so it lies flat
on your work surface. Grasp the takedown pin from the right side and pull till it fully extends out the right side of the receiver. Again, you should
feel a noticeable click when the detent pin engages the takedown pin at the fully extended position. Now repeat by grasping and pulling the pivot
pin till it fully extends out the right side of the receiver. Next, while holding the lower receiver group, grasp the upper receiver group and slide it
clear of the lower receiver group. At this point the lower receiver group disassembly is complete, so sit it to one side

Questions On Biotic Relationships
...This is my nine weeks exam essay on Biotic Relationships.The Biotic Relashionships are mutalism, commensalism, paristims, predation, and
competion.My nine weeks exam essay is also going to be about abiotic,bitotic,organisms,populations,commuties,ecoysystems,and biomes. As you read
along you can get to understand the Biotic Relationships. ..The Biotic Relationships are mutualism,commensalism,parasitism,predation,and
competition. This paragraph is about mutualism.What is mutualism? How many host does this relationship need? Do it do any good affection to either
of the host? What are some examples? Mutualism is в…• Boitic Realashionship.Mutaulism is a relashionship between more than one host.In the
mutaulism realshionship both of the host gets... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is competition?How many host does this relationship need ? Do it do any good affection to either of the host? What are some
examples?Competition is 5/5 Biotic Relationships.Competition is a relationship between more than one specie.Competition is a relationship where the
animals does not have any empathy for each other and they can be in the same environment.Competition relationship is basically saying that the
animals in the same environment can't get along. An example for competition can be a gorillas zebras eagles and etc in the same environment that don't
belong together. Competition is a Biotic Relationship. ..What are abiotic things, Where can they be found? Abiotic things are dead factors that are part
of an environment. Abiotic things are nonliving things such as water rocks light nutrients ,soil, temperatures,and etc.Abiotic factors are not just things
that you can see it can be things that you can't see like temperatures,and the air. Abiotic things are nonliving some you can see some you can't. Abiotic
things live in all

Ecology: Water and Aquatic Habitats
ECOLOGY
Ecology is concerned with the study of organisms and their habitats. This includes the interdependence of various populations, their impact on each
other and their surroundings, the effect of the surroundings on their behaviour, as well as the ways in which the organisms and the environment change
in response to each other. A pond and its inhabitants provide a good example of these interrelationships. A pond contains:
a.soil consisting of rock, minerals and dead remains of organisms
b.water with minerals
c.aquatic plants including algae
d.aquatic animals like snails and tadpoles
e.bacteria and other microorganisms such as protozoans
All these components interact to produce a system called an ecosystem which is constantly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aquatic animals prefer darker waters during the day and ascend to the surface when light intensity is reduced. Flowering of plants also depends on
light. pH This determines the acidity or alkalinity of the water in aquatic habitats or the soil in terrestrial habitats. The pH tends to be neutral at a
value of 7 and increases if alkaline contents are abundant. Organisms are affected by the pH of their environment. Fresh water mollusks tend to be
deficient on waters with a pH less than 6.
Wind
Winds carry water currents and waves and also rain–bearing clouds. Wind also helps in the dispersal of fruits and seeds and causes pollination in some
plants. The drying effect of strong air currents can cause a high rate of transpiration. The fauna and flora of mountains differ due to winds. The
windward side of mountains has luscious vegetation while the leeward side is sparsely vegetated.
Pressure
Pressure varies from the depths of the ocean to the higher altitudes of atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure reduces when one ascends from sea level.
Mountainous areas have lower atmospheric pressure than lowlands.
AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
Salinity is the concentration of dissolved salts in the surrounding environment. Aquatic organisms have to maintain osmotic balance between their body
fluids and their aquatic habitats. The concentration of salts in the body of marine animals is close to that in surrounding water. They are therefore able to

Biotic Factors In Hawaii
Plants are found everywhere on earth, up high on the ridge and down low in caves and caverns. The types of plants that live in these places depends on
many factors. These factors are separated into two different categories, the biotic factors and the abiotic factors. Some of the biotic factors include,
predation, competition, and habitat destruction. Plants with limited competition and large amounts of resources will be in a higher abundance than
plants with limited resources and higher competition rates will be confined to areas and either out competed or will be the dominant species. Certain
plants adapt to these factors and thrive and others don't do as well. Some of the abiotic factors include, sunlight, water, temperature, and wind. These ...
The ridge is known as an endangered dry ridge hike, for its endemic species and dry climate (Nelson 2003). The ridge trail starts on dole street near
the university of Hawaii at Manoa. From the campus, the ridge seems dry and grassy and it is expected as a dry leeward side ridge. This ridge is
also known for its brush fires during the hot seasons, the most recent being the fire in 2007. The fire left 50 acre of the ridge scorched and burned
to the ground (Siopack 2007). But, now in 2016 there has been an increasing amount of rain and the ridge has since begun to heal since the fire.
The beginning of the trail starts off dry with rocky soil and the dominant vegetation being the M. maximus that has a yellow brownish color. The
vegetation isn't completely covering the soil; it is mostly clumped together. As you continue to move up the trail the vegetation starts to get a little
greener and thicker. The M. maximus gets thicker, greener, and more dominant. The soil is still rocky and dry, but there are a few different
species such as the air plants and small shrubs. More of a change is seen further up the ridge once you are out of the tall grasses. The land is moister
and has a wide range of tree species and woody area. There was an abundance of Haole Koa trees, thorny bastards, all spice, and strawberry guava. It
was a large change from an open canopy of large

Cepaea Nemoralistic Lab Report
In this study, we designed and examined the effects of different degrees of soil moisture levels on the distance travelled of Cepaea nemoralis. Our
experiment showed that the average distance travelled of Cepaea nemoralis was higher in moister levels of soil. This was the case in both Trials 1
and 2 and statistical analysis showed that both Trials were statistically significant (See Figures 1 and 2). Through various research and previous
observations, our prediction was that the Cepaea nemoralis would move a longer distance in moister levels of soil. Higher levels of soil moisture were
expected to cause more movement because the mucus produced by the glands helps them move more efficiently, without hurting themselves (Why Do
Snails Leave Slime ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of these snails was Cepaea vindobonenis, which is very similar to Cepaea nemoralis. They measured the occurrence of snails in transects in 9
different locations. The soil moisture varied from 24% to 42% and results were similar to ours as more snails were found in moister areas
(HettenbergerovГЎ et al. 31–42). Our results were similar to the articles, as in both cases, activity increased in moister soil. However, there could be a
discrepancy because the soil moisture levels used were much higher in this study than ours (13% and 27%). However, even in this case, there were
more snails in the moister areas, similar to our experiment. The consistency of our results with this study strengthens our findings as the results are

The Impact Of Centennial Parklands On The World 's Most...
Centennial Parklands is one of the world's most visited public parklands, with more than 20 million visits made to the Parklands' annually. The Park
is 2.2 square kilometres in area, originally swampland, known as Lachlan Swamps and is located adjacent to another two large public spaces, Moore
Park and Queens Park. The Parklands are administered by The Centennial Park and Moore Park Trust, a NSW Government agency whose
responsibilities cover low–lying wetlands, ornamental lakes, pine and native forests, expanses of grass, to playing fields, a golf course, tennis and
netball courts and the Entertainment Quarter at nearby Moore Park. Centennial Park is one of Australia 's most famous parks and is listed on the
Register of the National Estate. [3]
Centennial Parklands is known as the 'green lungs of Sydney ' – a 360 hectare public space that provides critical ecological and environmental
functions for the city and its inhabitants. [4] Animals: [5] Bats Blue–tongued Lizards Common Bushtail Possum Frogs Invertebrates Long–finned Eel
Turtles Birds: [6] Australian Kestrel Australian Wood Duck Black Swan Black
–fronted Dotterel Black–winged Stilt Channel–billed Cuckoo Crested
Pigeon Great Egret Hardhead Duck Latham 's Snipe Musk Duck Nankeen Night Heron New Holland Honeyeater Trees and shrubs: [7] African Tulip
Tree Algerian Oak Angel 's Trumpet Australian Teak Blueberry Ash Broad
–leaved Paperbark Coastal Wattle Coast Tea–tree Dragons Blood Tree

Causes Of Deforestation In Madagascar
Deforestation on the island of Madagascar, an island off of the coast of Africa, has caused major destruction of habitat for species and a reduction in
numbers of plants and trees. The island used to be largely covered in dense forests which were home to many species of lemur and other animals. Now,
в… of the island is bare and uninhabitable for these animals. Deforestation on the island progresses at around 150,000 to 200,000 hectares of forests
cut down each year. Because of this many plants and animals that only occur in the wild on Madagascar are endangered. The problem has effects on
both abiotic factors as well as the biotic factors, which include animals and plants. Some of the abiotic things impacted include lakes and shorelines.
One of the main causes for the deforestation is slash–and–burn agriculture. In this technique, small areas of forest are cut down and everything is
burned to clear the area and introduce some nutrients into the ground. Then, rice is planted and grown for a few years. After some time, all of the
nutrients are depleted from the ground and rice cannot grow well anymore. Because of this, farmers have to continuously cut down more and more
forest. The reason that this is such a common thing on Madagascar is because most people are poor and need food, so they resort to this destructive
technique that leaves land barren and unable to support growth.
The impacts on biotic factors are obvious. One–third of the island's 1,600 unique species of plants

A Report On Gaming Pc
Daniel Fennell
AS 91080 Report
Gaming PC
The user will mainly use this computer for playing highly graphical video games such as Far Cry 4, the Call of Duty Franchise and Counter Strike:
Global Offensive. The user will be using this pc for hours a day, so he/she will need a pc which is able to handle hours of gaming and being able to
run the games at at least 60FPS and be able to run them at high graphical settings and be able to display these graphics in 1080x1920 resolution.
The components needed for this:
Case – Thermaltake R31
Motherboard – RAMPAGE V EXTREME ASUS
CPU – Intel core i7–4770 quad core
Cooling Fans – Thermaltake Riing version 12 and 14
Hard Drive – 1TB WD
SSD – Samsung 850 EVO 120GB
Graphics Card – ASUS GeForce GTX960
Power Supply – CORSAIR AX760i 760W
RAM – Vengeance LPX 4GB DDR4
Description of purpose each component
Case – the case that was chosen is a Thermaltake Model R31. The purpose of this case is to allow for room for the components and the air flow
required to keep the components cooled down.
Motherboard – The motherboard that was chosen is the Rampage V Extreme made and designed with chipset x99 by ASUS. This board is equipped
with anything a gamer would need on a board, including easy overclocking abilities, ability to make game packets higher priority and a very sleek
design. The motherboard connects to the power supply with two 20/24–pin connectors and a 4/8–pin 12V connector, this is the basic connection with
any motherboard. The basic

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF A RESISTOR-INDUCTOR (RL) CIRCUIT Essay
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF A RESISTOR
–INDUCTOR (RL) CIRCUIT
TOM CARNEY
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..............................................................................................Page 2
2. Theoretical Analysis.................................................................................Page 3
3. Questions related to constructed circuit..............................................Page 5
4. Conclusion.................................................................................................Page 6
5. Works cited................................................................................................Page 6
6. Illustrations.................................................................................................Page 7–8
Transient Analysis of aResistor– Inductor (RL) Circuit
1. INTRODUCTION
Electrical circuit analysis is done in order to allow the designer to verify his design and to predict the response of the system under varying conditions
of load and excitation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Its formula looks like this: T= L/R. Tau or lowercase t. Five time constants are required for current to reach 100% of its value. The time constant of t
for the circuit in Figure 7.1 is 470 micro seconds.

The Current value of IL, through the inductor at the beginning of the charge cycle is 0 Amps, while, the end of the charging cycle was 10 mA. The
voltage at V1 across the inductor and resistor in the beginning stages is 10 V and end with 0V. The inductor acts like an open circuit at the beginning
of the charging cycle, ending appearing like a short circuit.
3. Calculation's verified through MultiSim Program
a. What is the Time Constant for the circuit in Figure 7.1?
470 micro Seconds
b. What is the Transient Time for Figure 7.1? t=0 c. What is the value of the current IL,(should be lowercase L), through the inductor at the beginning
and end of the charging cycle?
Beginning is 0 Amps
End is 10^3, 10 mA
d. What is the voltage VL across the inductor and resistor at the beginning and end of the charge cycle?
Beginning is 10 Volts
End is 0 Volts
e. What is VL and IL at 1t, 2t,3t ,4t, and 5t?
1 tau
2 tau
3 tau
4 tau
5 tau
3.67 seconds
1.35 seconds
4.97
micro seconds
18.3
Micro seconds
67.38
Micro seconds
3. Questions related to Constructed Circuit.

a. How does self–resistance of the inductor affect the results?
The magnetic field created by a charging current in the circuit induces a

Basics Firearm: Basic Parts Of A Gun
This week's article was on "Basics Firearm: Basic Parts of a Gun". The article was very basic in its context, which covers the basic parts of rifles,
shotguns, pistols and revolvers. The article gives a very basic definition of the parts and does give a visual with parts labeled on the pictures. The
common parts between all of the firearms are trigger, trigger guard, front sight, safety, muzzle and barrel. From there each of the firearms have different
components, which make up the firearm. For example the rifle has a receiver, bolt, rear and front sight, stock, trigger, safety, trigger guard, barrel, and in
some cases a magazine. A shotgun is different from a rifle in a few aspects one is the barrel is smooth bored and may consist of an

Safety Precautions For Drones Research Papers
Electrical Subsystem
Drones are high–speed racing machines, but did you know "danger" is their middle name? Full throttle propellers can slice through skin or eyes and
batteries can burst into flames unexpectedly. That's why drone assembly requires skill and attention to detail. Attach the motors in the wrong
configuration and RubiQ will act more like a mole than a drone. Plug in the battery before attaching the antenna and you risk permanently frying the
video receiver (RX). So buckle up, read carefully, build methodically and wear those safety goggles!
Materials List:
Droneology
RubiQ Kit
Safety Precautions:
Safety is no Accident
Learn to stay out of harm's way as you navigate the Droneology safety briefing before attaching RubiQ's electronic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Well, let's think about light as a type of wave – it makes it easier to imagine sunshine's 8–minute journey from the Sun to the Earth. This sunlight
contains the full electromagnetic spectrum of wavelengths: radio waves longer than a football field, x–rays shorter than a single atom, infrared,
ultraviolet and every visible color from neon pink to eggplant purple. The Earth is constantly bombarded with these waves, absorbing some while
others bounce off. The colors we see in the world around us are actually the rejected wavelengths colliding with color–sensitive proteins in the backs of
our

Marine Ecosystems
Rocky Shore Ecosystems– Point Cartwright
Nicolas Cuny 11B Mr. Nisbett
Due Date: 03/09/2010
Introduction:
On the 23rd of August, the three biology classes or grade 11 at Redlands College visited the rocky shore ecosystems at Point Cartwright in Queensland.
Two different types of rocky shoreecosystem were examined, the rock pool area, and the boulder area. We first examined areas within the rock pool
area. The rock pool area has several specific features which set it apart from other rocky shore ecosystems, including its geological makeup and
position. It is made up of a flat platform of rock pockmarked with numerous rock pools; indents in the rocks which are filled with water and contain ...
Sea anemones feed from the surrounding water by catching small micro–organisms in their tentacles. For this reason, anemones need constant water to
survive which is why none were observed in the boulder area as an area with constant water cannot be guaranteed. Sand is another factor which is
present in the boulder area, but not in the rock pools. Sea cucumbers were thriving closer to the low tide mark in the boulder area, yet none were
observed in the rock pool area. Sea cucumbers are almost always found laying spread out across the sand, with their feeding tubes out, browsing
along the sand bed. This is the feeding habit of the sea cucumber and it would not be able to carry out this habit without the presence of sand. It is
shown time and time again by the presence and habits of specific organisms in each area that the abiotic factors of each area affect the ability for an
organism to survive in that system.
See next page for transect table taken at Point Cartwright boulder area.
(TRANSECT TABLE INSERT HERE!)
Figure 1: Green Algae
Percentage of Algae Cover (%)
Metres from shore (M)

Figure 2: Limpets
Number of Limpets in Sector
Metres from Shore (M)
As seen in figure one, percentage of cover of green algae in each transect sector decreased the further from shore we travelled, and closer to the low
tide mark. This is a clear example of an organism's ability to thrive depending on its position in the boulder area. This

Biotic Components Paper
Biotic Component Paper
Biotic Components Paper
In this paper I will conduct research on the Bolsa Chica Wetlands that are located in an area of lowlands in Orange County California, adjacent to the
city of Huntington Beach. The area is managed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), whose mission is to" protect and enhance; migratory
shorebird, seabird, waterfowl overwintering habitat; protect natural habitat for shorebirds and seabirds; protect nesting and foraging conditions for
threatened or endangered species" The Bolsa Chica Conservancy (BCC) is a local volunteer organization that assists in maintaining the area. Its goals
are to ensure the preservation, restoration, and enhancement of the area (2010). This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A tidal salt marsh is a community of plants and animals that thrive in wet saline conditions (ADBC, 2010), which rely on the tides to bring
nutrients, such as oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous. As the tide leaves the wetlands, pools are exposed which shorebirds can feed on larvae
without competition from fish that was impossible during the time period of water diversion and dam construction. The land became baron; an area
of waste land, until 1967, when the water originally diverted for irrigation of fields, was redirected to the lowland area. In 2006, a tidal inlet was
successfully opened after 107 years, allowing the tide to flow to various parts of the wetlands which had previously been closed off (ADBC, 2010).
During the process of Bolsa Chica environmental change, much has been learned about ecosystem destruction and restoration. Wetland areas are as
Wright states "among the most productive ecosystems on earth, rich in breeding grounds for many species of fish, shellfish, and waterfowl" (2008).
Interfering with the natural biogeochemical cycles can have devastating effects, completely wiping out ecosystems. Lessons learned are valuable for
other restoration projects, many of which are in progress throughout the United States (U.S.). Major learning's included, the rise in water salinity when
not allowed to mix with fresh water creates a hostile environment, making it inhabitable by the resident community, lack of tidal rhythm reduces

Small Body Of Water And Its Effect On The Ecosystem Essay
Acacia reservation is located at 41.5017В° N, 81.4897В° W longitude, latitude respectively. The reservation is located in the city of Lyndhurst.
Lyndhurst is an eastern suburb of Cleveland and was originally apart of Mayfield. It is located in the county of Cuyahoga, Ohio, United States. The
population was 14,001 at the 2010 census and is a total of 4.44 miles. The ratio of people per mile is approximately 3,153 per square mile, thus it has a
relatively high density of people. Acacia reservation is a 155–acre green space located in the city Lyndhurst. The specific area on which this paper
focuses is the central area of the park where on the map a small body of water can be seen. While observations were made in various other areas this
is where the majority of the study took place. This body of water is approximately four hundred yards from the roadway on both sides. The Acacia
Reservation has several abiotic factors that directly affect the ecosystem, some of those are sunlight, temperature, rainfall, wind speeds, and rocks.
Sunlight directly affects the ecosystem as it distributes energy to plants and also affects the temperature. Sunlight is extremely important because it
forms the basis of the food chain as it allows some plants to survive and others to die because of a lack of it. Temperature is another example of
abiotic factor that directly affects the ecosystem as it provides or inhibits a livable temperature for animals within the

Biodiversity And Its Impact On Biodiversity
Biodiversity is what makes the planet earth unique and different from every other planet in the solar system. Biodiversity can be studied on a global
level all the way down to studying it within a microscopic ecosystem (National Wildlife Federation, 2015). It is important to understand that
biodiversity can be looked at genetically as well as environmentally as well. For example, genetic biodiversity is seen in the variation of different
breeds within the dog species, while environmental biodiversity is the diversity of ecosystems and habitats (National Wildlife Federation, 2015).
Preserving biodiversity is perhaps the most important task that humans have to complete while living on this planet. The ecosystems that make up all
of the regions worldwide are immensely complex, so conservation may be difficult at times. Additionally, many factors influence the species that
inhabit ecosystems, and these factors may complicate the preservation of biodiversity. Moreover, there is a plethora of threats to biodiversity, both
natural and manmade that are destroying ecosystems on a daily basis. Out of these threats, the human influences are particularly severe and must be
taken care of at all costs. Biodiversity provides countless benefits for every ecosystem and creature, which is what makes it worthy of conservation.
Through the introduction and relocation of species, some degree of restoration may be possible in the future. Biodiversity is an amazing natural
process that makes life

Investigating The Charging And Discharging Abilities Of A...
The objective of the experiment was to measure the charging and discharging abilities of a resistor capacitor circuit. In a RC circuit the voltage is an
asymptomatic function of the charging time. If a battery were connected in series in a circuit with a resistor, there would be a constant current. In
contrast, if the battery were connected with a capacitor in series, the current would be time–varying, decaying to zero as the capacitor charges up. The
results of the experiments verified the properties of the RC Circuits, confirming that voltage is a function of the product of resistance and capacitance.
The experiment produced results that agreed with expectations confirming the electrical theory of RC circuits.
Sources of error ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Capacitors are considered nonlinear devices because their charging and discharging rate depends on the charge already there on the capacitor. The
higher the charge on the plates of the capacitor, the slower its charging rate. This is because the slow buildup of electric charge poses resistance to the
addition of extra charge as voltage starts to build across the plates. As a result, the flow of current gets smaller. In contrast, while discharging, the higher
the charge on the plates, the faster it discharges. On the application of a voltage source to a circuit, the capacitor attempts to reach the full voltage
asymptotically, even though it never reaches the full voltage. The mathematical formula that represents the voltage across the capacitor is:
V(t) = V0(1–et/RC)
For a charged capacitor, the mathematical formula that represents the voltage across the capacitor as it is discharging:
V(t) = V0(et/RC)
Where:
RC is the time constant Ж¬ of the circuit;
V0 is the potential difference in volts (V) of the voltage source;
R is the resistance in ohms (О©);
C is the capacitance in the circuit in farads (F); and
T is the time measured in seconds (s).
After one time constant, the voltage is (e–1) x (V). It takes almost 3 times RC for a capacitor to get charged to 95% of the voltage. Ж¬ (seconds) = R
(ohms) x C (farads)
From Ohm's Law:
R = V/I;

Capacitance = Q/V (charge stored per voltage applied); and
I = Q/t (amount of charge flowing per time).
As such:
RC = R x

Environment And Human Environment
Ecosystems is the dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro–organism communities and their non–living environment that work together to form a
functional unit and they are constantly changing due to the fluctuating equilibrium from natural stress and human action which has had adversarial
impacts on ecosystems. This is evident in Minnamurra rainforest as human induced modifications and environmental stresses had resulted in a
vulnerable ecosystem. Furthermore, the removal of factors that contribute to the vulnerability of an ecosystem is important as it affect the functioning
of the ecosystem as processes are accelerated, biodiversity is decreased which greatly affects humans. Despite the negative effects caused by humans,
they have discovered that ecosystems are susceptible from harm caused by natural environmental factors or human impacts and realised the importance
of protecting and managing ecosystems therefore have implemented management strategies that are supposed to prevent further detriment and as a
consequence may induce resiliency.
Within Minnamurra rainforest all biophysical components rely on each other, for example changes to the lithosphere (gaseous elements surrounding
the earth), can cause stress to the flora and fauna within the ecosystem and impact other abiotic factors. Human interaction has also caused many
detrimental impacts on the ecosystem through changes in lithospheric processes. For instance littering can bring unwanted diseases that can affect

Efficient and Sustainable Ecosystems
Ecosystem Report:
Introduction:
Ecosystems are everywhere. Any place that contains living and non–living organisms (biotic and abiotic), that share the same space are a community,
this is called an ecosystem. An ecosystem can occupy a large space in the environment, or a very small space. To make up anecosystem, there must be
an interrelationship between the abiotic and biotic components in the ecosystem; for example, there must be a series of food–chains in order for the
different species to survive in that particular ecosystem. Another definition of an ecosystem is:
'They consist of all the organisms in a community, their biotic and abiotic environments, and exchanges within and between each of these' (Knox et al.
2010, p. 128).
The purpose of this investigation is to thoroughly study an ecosystem, to expand the knowledge of many who wish to further understand the
environment and its components. By completing this investigation it allows for people to understand the importance and needs for having and
maintaining healthy ecosystems. For example, 'Ecosystems provide food both in their natural state...in the form of managed landscapes' (International
Water Management Institute 2011, p. 11). The investigations of ecosystems are vital in today's society because people can learn how to better treat and
take care of them so they are more efficient and sustainable.
Methods:
Figure 1: This is a map of where the investigation was taken place, and it shows the 2 areas that

Caribbean Sea Abiotic Factors
The Caribbean Sea in located off the coast of North, Central, and South Americas. This sea spans about two million, seven hundred and fifty–three
thousand square kilometers. There are also many islands found in the midst of the Caribbean Sea. While these islands are a great place for a vacation,
the populations of people on the islands can affect life. Many different factors influence life in the Caribbean Sea. These factors are divided into two
categories; abiotic factors and biotic factors. These types of factors can influence biodiversity in a certain area. A change in a single population results
in a huge change in an ecosystem that was previously well–balanced and diverse. Populations change in size all as a result of these factors.
Abiotic factors, such as rainfall and temperature, are different from place to place. In the Caribbean, the abiotic factors vary from water current to water
depth, from the amount of sunlight to the oxygen levels. The Caribbean Sea is large and there are many measuring points throughout the sea, this
results in different conclusions for the same question. Now, that being said, the results recorded in this paper are strictly and average. The average
amount of precipitation in the Caribbean per year is as low as twenty–five centimeters in some parts to as high as nine hundred centimeters in other
parts, that just goes to show how big the Caribbean really is. That being said, the deepest measured part of the Caribbean sea can be found between

Four Characteristics Essay Comparison Of Four Ecosystems
Comparison of Four Ecosystem Essay Assignment An ecosystem is the "relationship between the biotic and abiotic components. Biotic components are
composed of all living things in contrast, abiotic components are composed of the non–living parts of an environment." (Ms. Blackshaw) This essay is
focused on the abiotic factors that influence an ecosystem. They are many abiotic factors affecting an ecosystem such as temperature, water, wind,
sunlight, rocks, soil, and oxygen. However, the three abiotic factors that affect a parking lot, field, meadow, and forest the greatest are wind, rock and
water. Wind is defined as the movement of the air. Even though, Wind is an abiotic factor it is still vital for various ecosystems. In parking lots, wind
is non–prominent due to the lack of trees compared to the forest, where it is chilly and windy. Some biotic factors that were recorded in the parking
lot were, grass, tress, and dandelions. Dandelions are important for bees and other organisms that consume nectar. Without wind, the dandelion
blossoms would not be able to blow away creating more dandelions for bees and other insects to consume. This gives the organisms less nectar and
it may cause death because the lack of resources for them to consume in that area. Fields produce more wind currents compared to parking lots
because its an open space, with more trees. Since there are not a lot of interferences with the fields, wind picks up grass pollens and spreads it
throughout the fields making the fields richer and healthier. This allows the primary consumers to eat the grass and be healthy. Causing the entire
food chain to be healthy. Meadows compared to fields, have a bit more wind due to the trees and bushes that compose the ecosystem. The winds help
for cooling birds and insects. Wind also affects plants throughout their growth. Slight winds help the plants grow sturdier, so other consumers can
benefit from it. Winds in forests are very high due to the number of trees. Due to more wind, it helps animals such as birds to fly without much effort
and the same with butterfly's. Without wind in forests animals that fly tend to struggle a lot because it does not have wind support. Rock or stone is a
natural substance.

SOP for weekly maintenance Essay
HHD 53rd Transportation Battalion
7th Sustainment Brigade
Fort Eustis, VA 23604
HHD 3rd Platoon Weapons Maintenance SOP
AFD–Q6FG10–0013
Effective Date 29 October 2013
1. PURPOSE: To address the clearing, disassembling, cleaning, inspection for serviceability, lubricating and reassembling of the M4 or M4A1carbine.
2. APPLICABILITY: 3rd Platoon, HHD 53rd Transportation BN.
3. REFERENCES: Lubricate Order (LO); STP 21–1–SMCT; TM 9–1005–319–10; DA Form 2404 Equipment Inspection and Maintenance Worksheet.
4. RESPONSIBILITIES: You are to complete three copies of DA... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(3) Pull the handguards free.
c. Push the take down pin as far as it will go.
d. Pivot the upper receiver from the lower receiver.
e. Push the receiver pivot pin in as far as it will go.
f. Separate the upper and lower receivers.
g. Remove carrying handle, if applicable.
(1) Loosen the screws on the left side of the clamping bar.
(2) Lift the handle off once the clamping bar is loose.
h. Pull back the charging handle.
i. Remove the bolt carrier and bolt.
j. Remove the charging handle.

k. Disassemble the bolt carrier.
(1) Remove the firing pin retaining pin.
STP–21–1–SMCT 11 September 2012 3–3
Performance Steps
Note: Do not spread open or close split end of pin.
(2) Push in bolt assembly to locked position.
CAUTION
Do not drop or hit the firing pin. Damage to the pin may cause the weapon to malfunction. (3) Drop firing pin out of rear of bolt carrier.
(4) Remove the bolt cam pin by turning it one–quarter of a turn and lifting it out.
(5) Remove bolt assembly from carrier.
(6) Press the rear of the extractor pin to check spring function.
Note: Any weak springs should be reported to the unit armor for replacement.
(7) Remove the extractor pin by pushing it out with the firing pin.
(8) Lift out the extractor and spring, taking care that the spring does not separate from the extractor.
l. Remove buffer and buffer spring from buttstock.
(1) Press in buffer depress retainer and release buffer.
(2) Remove buffer and action

Summary: Six Must Have Auto Repair Accessories
6 Must Have Auto Repair Accessories When we talk about the six must have auto repair accessories we're not including rags. The list is intended
to highlight items many DIY auto repair mechanics might not think of bringing to the job site. With that said, you must have rags on every auto
repair job. And before we move on let's just say that not all rags are created equal. Some rags welcome fluids by eagerly soaking them up. These are
usually made from a blend of different materials with a high percentage of cotton. Then we have the super low cost ones in the range of $20 for a
pack of 100. These are the bright red wipers that seem to repel fluids until you wash them half a dozen times. And I wouldn't put them in a home
laundry machine as these... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the foam insert earplugs reduce the noise level by about 30 dB. The over the ear noise canceling headphones are good for about 35 dB.
The important thing is to do what's comfortable and convenient for you so that you actually wear the noise reducing devices. There's no reason for
you to spend your golden years with your hand up to your ear saying what. Single Edge Razor Blade Scrapers and Alternatives When you're working
on an automobile you'll find yourself reaching for single edge razor blade in many situations. Whether it's scraping gaskets or opening up a wiring
harness so you can probe wiring, the razor blade is a powerful tool. It can also be extremely dangerous when you're hands contain grease or oil. A slip
of the razor blade can cause a major injury. My advice is to move your hand as far away from the blade as possible by using a holding fixture for single
edge razor blades. This is another low cost item that can provide a lot of protection during your do–it–yourself auto

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CASE STUDY
Group 2
Samsung Electronics
Executive Summary
Recent quality related issues have put Samsung Electronics, one of the world's largest technology companies at risk. These quality concerns, spiked
through recent recalls and external complaints, have generated a flow of bad news coming to the desk of quality director Kevin Sarni. The issues most
commonly found within the complaints related to display issues, customer service support, faulty electric components, audio, and safety. Of the main
issues, display and customer service support appeared to be the most detrimental. Once the patterns and themes became visible, Samsung and its quality
director Kevin Sarni were challenged with immediately identifying root causes. This was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Assuming that many of the display issues are caused by faulty components, such as the main board, it is important to identify where in the process
these faulty components are coming from whether it be internal manufacturing processes or suppliers. Since suppliers happen to be at the beginning of
the supply chain it would be necessary to begin there. Sarni, along with cross–functional teams from Samsung must immediately schedule a visit to
their main suppliers of components such as the main board. Once the visits are scheduled, Sarni and the cross–functional teams will conduct extensive
audits of the supplier's processes and systems. The audits will consist of detailed examinations of the supplier's equipment, process capability, facilities,
and personnel. Each supplier they visit, Sarni along with another manager, will be responsible for grading each supplier. The grading metrics should
consist of defects per day, damage, flexibility, responsiveness, and communication. Grades will be recorded on a supplier scorecard and then
electronically documented upon return to Samsung's office. Dependent on the findings, Sarni may be faced with choosing another supplier, that is, one
who is consistently able to meet design specifications. Eventually, once a quality supplier is developed within Samsung's network of partners, Sarni
must direct significant effort in monitoring their performance. To monitor the supplier's performance overtime, Sarni

Differentiated Instruction Scenarios
Differentiated Instruction Scenario
The title of my lesson is Environmental Barometer. This lesson will take approximately 45–60 minutes of preparation time and a 45–minute session to
conduct a field investigation. The lesson is in groups of 3 to 4 students. The materials for the lesson include clipboards, one copy per group of Biotic
and Abiotic Features Data Sheet, reference materials (tree, bird, amphibian, insect guides), a selection of instruments to study abiotic features of an
ecosystem (anemometer, thermometer, and soil pH tester). The students will compare and contrast abiotic and biotic components inventoried at two
outdoor study locations in an effort to explore wildlife as indicators of ecosystem health. The teacher will choose ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I will prepare students for the day's lesson by quickly summarizing the order of various activities planned. Explain, for example, that a review of the
previous lesson will be followed by new information and that both groups will be expected. I will give follow–up directions. For example, provide oral
and written instructions when going outside and what expectations are needed for them.
Recommendations for Dyslexia students:
I will provide a glossary of the terms used in the lesson. The students will benefit from a glossary of content–related terms. I will also repeat the
directions to make sure the students understand the investigation.
Recommendations for Autism students:
I will demonstrate the instructions of the investigations by using hand signals. I will provide extra time for the students to complete the investigations.
Recommendations for learning disorder:
I will provide extra time for the students to complete the investigations. I will adjust my questions and level of complexity based on what fits that
particular student.
Recommendations for behavior disorder:
I will use a calm but firm voice when talking to students. If a problem arises I will clearly explain the problem and state consequences. I will also
acknowledge improvements in

Essay On Alaska
Alaska This is a permitless or a constitutional carry state where any person who is at least 21 yrs of age may carry a concealed handgun on their
person. The law directs that such possession is to be disclosed by the possessor in any event where the possessor is approached by a police officer.
Furthermore, the individual is required by law to allow the officer to secure the handgun for the duration of that contact. The legislature is vested with a
complete authority regarding the regulation of firearms in the state. State Constitutional Provision. Article 1, section 19 established that "A well
regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. The ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
State Constitutional Provision Article 2, Section 26 states that "the right of the individual citizen to bear arms in defense of himself or the state shall
not be impaired, but nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing individuals or corporations to organize, maintain, or employ an armed
body of men". The state gun law seems to be addressing the issue of militias, meaning that the law will be against any individual or group forming a
body of armed men besides the one maintained by the state. The law further stipulates that upon the completion of specified requirements, a
law–abiding person shall be granted a permit to carry a concealed firearm. In other words, a set of skill acquisition or training is required to qualify for
a permit in the state.
Statute
Arizona Revised Statute Annotated В§ 13–3108 deals with the regulation of firearms by the state. The law reads in part that "Except as provided in
subsection C of this section, a political subdivision of this state shall not enact any ordinance, rule or tax relating to the transportation, possession,
carrying, sale, transfer or use of firearms or

Fire Suppression And Its Effects On The American Northeast
For most of the 20th century active fire exclusion was the rule in the American southwest. Previous to suppression policies, ponderosa pine and dry
mixed–conifer forests experienced a frequent, low– to mixed–severity fire regime (Agee 1996, Allen et al. 2002). As a result of a century of fire
suppression, successional trajectories have been significantly altered, in that ponderosa pine and dry mixed–conifer forests have become increasingly
dense with late successional, non–fire–adapted trees and excess accumulations of surface fuels (Parsons and Debenedetti 1979, Higgens et al., 2015).
Despite efforts to aggressively suppress fires, several large, severe wildfires have occurred throughout the southwest in recent decades. Post–fire,...
Hence, larger patches of high–severity fire may decrease forest resilience or result in unfamiliar successional trajectories.
The questions facing managers is how will these severely burned areas recover in an era of changing climate? Will forest structure and vegetation be
permanently altered? In areas where past high–severity fires have burned, recent large fires have struck again, further complicating stand recovery and
adding another challenge for land managers; thus, we will need greater insight as to how, and if, high–severity burned areas can continually recover
(Seager and Vecchi 2010). Improved understanding of the processes of successional changes in mixed–conifer forests will help facilitate management
efforts to sustain the many resources valued in these ecosystems (Meng, 2015).
Though many studies of post–fire succession exist, due to methodological constraints at the temporal scale, many studies are limited to either long–term
(Abella et al. 2015, O 'Connor et al. 2014, Odion et al., 2014) succession or short–term (Higgens et al. 2014, Keeling et al. 2006, Mast & Wolf 2006)
successional studies or monitoring permanent plots for successive years (Moore et al. 2004). We propose to quantify a space–for–time sequence of
successional trajectories across the greater landscape of the Coconino National Forests area. This approach assumes the only difference between sites is
due to age; however, because forest stands vary due to environmental and management

Investigating The Distribution Patterns Of Three Species...
Biology 2.6 Achievement Standard 91158 Cellana Denticulata, Chamaesipho Columna and Chamaesipho Brunnea are three species living in the
intertidal zone of the rocky shore. I am investigating the distribution pattern of these three species and the factors affecting the zonation pattern of these
organisms. The aim of the investigation was to analyse and compare the distribution of the separate species, regarding the adaptations and the
intraspecific and interspecific interactions– whether being competitive, cooperative or exploitative. The investigation took place at Sirens Rocks. (see
photo right) The distribution of these species are affected by abiotic and biotic factors of which limit the upper vertical and lower vertical limit that the
three organisms can endure, thus providing a fundamental niche where the organisms inhabit. The ecological pattern presented at the location of Sirens
Rocks is Zonation, which is a community pattern, showing visual bands or zones of which is created by the varying tolerance to different abiotic
factors and biotic factors. The observable community pattern of zonation, not taken from the given location of sirens rocks. Cellana Denticulata
(denticulate limpets) Cellana denticulate, with results taken from Sirens Rocks, was found to inhabit mainly the mid tide zone, mainly on open
surfaces regardless of the aspect if the substrate. The mid tide zone is completely submerged by water on average twice a day leaving the

Abiotic Factors Affecting Natural Resources Production...
Alysha Agliam
Noeau Likua
Molokai HS
NR Production
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract........................................................................................................3
Main Body....................................................................................................4
References.....................................................................................................7
ABSTRACT
Abiotic and biotic factors are extremely important factors for our environment. The presence of these factors could provide for a peaceful and healthy
environment and the disappearance of these factors could wreak havoc on an environment. Abiotic factors focus more on the physical aspects of an
environment and biotic focuses more on biological.
MAIN BODY
What are important abiotic and biotic factors affecting organisms that are considered in Natural Resources Production decisions?
Abiotic refers to something physical rather than biological. Abiotic factors can determine which species of organisms will survive in any given
environment. This factor is important because they affect how organisms survive. The abiotic factor can be placed into categories of meteorology, soil,
air pollution, micro–topographic features, water availability, and water quality. Chemical and geological factors, such as rocks and minerals, and
physical factors, such as temperature, weather, and lay of the land, are also referred to as abiotic components.
Biotic factors are the living parts of an ecosystem, such as the animals, plants, and microorganisms. A factor created by a living thing or any living

Chaumapsipho Brunnea And Sirens Rock Research Paper
Distribution of Chamapsipho brunneas and Lepsiella Scobina at Sirens' Rock
In Order to analyse the Distribution of C.brunneas and L.scobina, Year twelve Biology classes had to go down to the " Sirens' Rock" on the south
coast of wellington. The Habitat is mainly rock but there are rock pools from when the high tide went down the water couldn't get out. Chamapsipho
brunnea or Brown Barnacle are a type of barnacle found in the mid–high tides parts of rocky shores. Brown Barnacle are also known as filter feeders so
they feed off of algae and plankton. Brown Barnacle are not found in the low tide zones for this reason their shells can close off meaning that they
can survive out of water longer by keeping water locked in their shells. Lepsiella Scobina or oyster borer are a predatory sea snail species. they feed off
of barnacle and other prey they are found in the mid–high tide zones of rocky shores and not low tide. Oyster borer are frequently hidding in crevices
to hide from predators. Oyster borer are not found in high tide but mid–low tides as they can not close their shells off completely
Abiotic Factors affecting the Distribution of Chamapsipho brunneas and Lepsiella scobina ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Competition can be intraspecific meaning between members of the same species or interspecific meaning members of others species. If a brown
barnacle is in a competition between members of its own species or with a member of another species it will try to not stick its bottom by anything else
so it will be able to get enough food to survive. Brown barnacle has a hard shell so when predators like the oyster borer come up at high tide and mid
tide to kill and eat it, the brown barnacle will try and fight it off but it does not always win. The brown barnacle feed off of algae that is on the same
rock as them by scooping water and any food into the opening of its shell. The brown barnacle also feed of off

Spanish Moss
Spanish moss is a vascular epiphyte that belongs to the genus known as Tillandsia. Epiphytes do not typically harm the tree species that it resides on.
Epiphytes such as Spanish moss(TillansiaUaneoides) is not dependent on the tree for nutrients; however, it uses the tree for mechanical support. It
produces seeds that are transported by the wind which causes it to be found in various locations; however, spanish moss may not survive living on
some tree hosts and be found more frequently on certain tree species than others. This is largely due to the fact that biotic factors and abiotic factors
contribute to the distribution of Spanish moss found in certain environments. Biotic and abiotic factors determine both where an organism can live...
This could be due to the increased amount of foliar minerals on the dying tree, so "it is possible that differences in availability of minerals in
various tree canopies could determine the local distribution of Spanish moss"(Marks and Schlesinger 1977). The availability of minerals also plays
a crucial role with the amount of spanish moss found on cypress and hardwoods versus pine trees. Pine trees do not generally leach nearly as much
minerals as cypress and hardwood trees do. Mark and Schlesinger inferred that cypress and hardwood trees possess a higher percentage of Calcium,
Magnesium, and Potassium than pine trees(1977). The differences in minerals, host preferences and other abiotic and biotic factors of Spanish moss
could possibly contribute to the lack of Spanish moss found in pine trees versus the amount found in hardwood trees at Lake

Human Distribution Patterns Of Acacia Saligna
Abstract
Distribution patterns of Acacia saligna are quite diverse in South Africa especially taking under consideration that they do not have immediate threats
that inhibit their spread. However, this species occurs in very different environmental gradients, as it can occur from a wet habitat/area to a bare rock
surface that is a very dry habitat. Due to such observations for the distribution of this species a question is imposed in this paper as to how do traits
vary along environmental gradients? Two phenotypic traits/characteristics are investigated, Specific Leaf Area (SLA) and wood–density. SLA was
calculated by adding the total sum of all the leaf area per individual and dividing that with the total sum of all the leaf dry mass per individual. SLA =
Total leaf area/ Dry leaf mass, SLA unit g/cmВІ. The highest value for SLA is at the dry site, intermediate in wet site and lowest in the ultra–dry site.
The wood–density for branch and stem samples was calculated using the latest dry mass value/ volume. Wood–density unit measure is g/cmВі. The
stem wood–density was highest at the ultra–dry site, followed by wet site and then the dry site. Branch wood–density was highest at the dry site,
intermediate at ultra–dry site and lowest at the wet site.
Introduction
Acacia saligna is a small tree endemic to the Swan Coastal plain in the Mediterranean climate region of south–west Australia and is widely naturalized
in Mediterranean–type ecosystems throughout the world (Tozer and

Behavior And Ecology Final Affirmation Essay
LT 3: Behavior and Ecology Final Affirmation
Just as a reminder your final affirmation must be typed and submitted through Paperrater.com. Make sure when you upload your final affirmation you
also upload a screenshot of your paper rater score.
This final affirmation score will be a compilation of your scores from the "Investigation of Animal Behavior" from step 1, the "Survivorship and
Population Models" from step 2, "Invading Bull Frog Case Study" and "Population Biology Virtual Lab" both from step 3 and "Biome Project" from
step 4 and your completion of this section.
Part 1:
Read the catastrophe on page 506 in the Flourish Textbook, if you are looking at the online version go to Chapter 9 and then to the evaluate section
"Energy, Matter and Disaster" and you will be able to read it online.
Type your responses to the following:
What might be the effect if 80–85% of the sunlight were blocked from Earth? What might be the short and long term effects on the following
organisms: an earthworm, a shark, a maple tree, a saguaro cactus and a teenager?
It would effect Earth very negatively. This is because most plants would stop making energy from the sunlight and the animals that feed on autotrophs
would not get that much food anymore, which would cause a ripple effect. Little energy would be made after that. Also, the planet would cool
considerably. A short term effect on an earthworm would be that it would have lots of food for a short amount oftime due to

The Importance Of Physical Evidence

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