This document provides an overview of mobile devices, their components, and development platforms. It discusses the typical components of mobile devices including microprocessors, memory, screens, keyboards, radios, and sensors. Common mobile operating systems like Android and iOS are mentioned. Development platforms for mobile devices that cost $35-$50 are highlighted. Key aspects of mobile devices like their portability, computing power, and ability to replace agendas and notepads are summarized.

1. Introduction
Hardware

2. Who we are?
• Course
– Alexandru Radovici
• Lab
– Ioana Culic
– Alexandru Radovici
2

3. Outline
• Kotlin
• Android Framework
– Activities
– Services
– Network Services
• React Native
3

4. Rules
• Exam
– 50% exam
– 50% project
• Lab presence
– minimum 5 to enter the exam
– use a camera
4

5. Mobile device
• Portable device
– Small size
– Simple tasks
• Replacement for
– Agenda
– Notes
– Remote control
• Entertainment
– Games
5

6. Do you know them?
6

7. Mobile devices
iPhone & iPad
• iOS
• Objective-C
• Swift
Android
• Linux
• Java
• Kotlin
• C/C++
7

8. These used to be Mobile devices
Windows Phone
• C#
• C/C++
Ubuntu
• C/C++
• HTML 5
• Qt
SmartPhone
• Symbian
• C++
• Java MIDP
8

9. These used to be Mobile devices
Pocket PC
• Windows Mobile
• C++, C#
Blackberry
• BlackberryOS
• Blackberry 10
• C/C++
• HTML 5
Telefoane Obisnuite
• Nokia OS
• Ericsson OS
• Java MIDP
9

10. Main Components
• Microprocessor
– RISC
– ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)
• RAM Memory
– SDRAM, DDRAM (DDR4 sometimes)
• ROM (usually another partition)
– Stores the OS
• Screen
– Static
– Touch
• Keyboard
• Radio (emitter/receptor)
– Phone
– WiFi
– Bluetooth
• External connectors
– USB, serial etc.
10

11. Secondary Components
• Storage device
– SSD (Solid State Drive)
– Memory card (SD, Flash etc.)
– Hard Disk
• Classic iPod
• Sensors
– GSP/GLONASS
– Accelerometer
– Photo Camera
• Multimedia Coprocessor
– Codec Audio
– Codec Video
11

12. Development platforms
Raspberry Pi
$35
BeagleBone Black
$45
12

13. ZeroPhone
13
https://www.crowdsupply.com/arsenijs/zerophone
$50

14. Microprocessor
• RISC
– Reduced Instruction Set
Computing
– ARM (Advanced RISC Machine)
– Simple instructions
• Might not have floating point
– High clock speed
– Reduced power consumption
• Scales speed
– Examples
• Samsung ARM
• Qualcomm
• Apple A4 – A14
14

15. Microprocessor parameters
• Clock speed (MHz)
– Not the only relevant
• Cache Memory
– Processing performance
• Power consumption
– System’s autonomy
• Instruction set
• Coprocessors
– Audio
– Video
– Phone
15

16. RAM Memory
• SDRAM / DDRAM
– Even DDR4
• Limited
– 512 MB – 8 GB
16

17. ROM (OS partition)
• Pocket PC
• Read only space
– Initial OS image
– Persistent after hard reset
• May be written
– Update
– OS modifications
17

18. Screen
• Important
• Usage
– Display
– User interaction
• Limited size
• Several resolutions
– Independent from the
screen size
– 320 x 240 (QVGA)
– 640 x 480 (VGA)
– 320 x 480 (HVGA)
18

19. Screen Resolutions
19

20. Touch Screen
Resistive Capacitive
20

21. Resistive Display
• Two layers
• Requires pressing
• Advantages
– Exact touch
• Stylus
– Low power
• Disadvantages
– Strong touch
– Sensible of the
environment
21

22. Capacitive Display
• An insulator layer
– Glass / plastic
• Does not require a touch
• Advantages
– Thin touch
– Resistant of the
environment
• Disadvantages
– Inexact touch
– Higher power
22

23. Keyboard
• Phone
– Numbers only
– 3 letters/ key
• QWERTY
– Complete keyboard
– With numbers
• A few functional buttons
– Home, back, call, hang-up etc.
• No buttons
– Full virtual keyboard
• Any of the above
• Software design problems
23

24. QWERTY
24

25. QWERTY and virtual keyboard
25

26. Phone keyboard and QWERTY
26

27. A few functional buttons
27

28. No buttons
28

29. Radio
• Phone
– GSM / CDMA / UMTS
– GPRS / EDGE / 3G / 4G
– Up to la 25 Km
• WiFi
– Wireless
– 2.4 GHz
• Bluetooth
– Small networks
– Short distance data
exchange
29

30. WiFi
• Implemented in OSI
– Standard
– TCP / IP most used
protocol
• Up to 300 m
• Speeds
– 11 Mbs (802.11b)
– 54 Mbs (802.11g)
– 300 Mbs (802.11n)
30

31. Bluetooth
• Viking king Harald
Bluetooth
– United Norway and
Denmark
– Very communicative
• Uses non-standard
protocols
– Intercommunication
problems
– Problems when devices are
from different
manufacturers
• Speeds
– Up to 721 Kbs (1.2)
– Up to 3.2 Mbs (2.0)
– Up to 24 MB Mbs (3.0)
Class
Max
allowd
power
(mW)
Max
allowed
power
(dBm)
Range
(aprox)
Class 1 100 mW 20 dBm
~100
meters
Class 2 2.5 mW 4 dBm
~10
meters
Class 3 1 mW 0 dBm ~1 meters
31

32. Bluetooth 4
• Smart
• LE
• Sensors
• Standard
• Different stack from
3.0
32

33. Storage devices
• Solid State Drive (SSD)
– Fast
– Inefficient when deleting
• A page at a time
– Limited number of writes
• Memory card
– High capacity (tens of GB)
– Removable
• Hard Disk
– Slow
– High power
– Motion sensitive
33

34. SSD vs. Hard Disk
34

35. Storage space
• Unlimited
– Tens of GB
– Kind of cheap
• High speed
– SSD especially
35

36. Sensors
• GPS / GLONASS
– Assisted GPS (AGPS)
• Accelerometer
• Photo camera
• All use the battery
– Use with carefully
36

37. Conclusions
• Mobile devices
– Similar in computing power with computers
• Processors
– RISC
– Arm
• Display
– Small sizes
– Touch capacitive / resistive
• Storage devices
– High capacity
– No moving parts
• Interaction
– Keyboard
– Screen
• Limited resources
• Sensors
37

38. Keywords
• Mobile device
• Smart Phone
• Pocket PC / PDA
• Blackberry
• Windows Mobile
• Windows Phone
• Android
• iOS
• Java / Kotlin
• Objective-C / Swift
• Keyboard
– Phone
– Virtual
– QWERTY
– Functional buttons
• ARM
• RISC
• Clock speed
• Power consumption
• Coprocessors
• Solid State Drive (SSD)
• WiFi
• Bluetooth
• GPS / GLONASS / AGPS
• Touch screen
– Resistive
– Capacitive
• Resolutions
– QVGA
– HVGA
– VGA
38

39. Questions
39