We propose to formulate an absolutely new paradigm for the solid-state power engineering in the field of the electricity conversion into cold based on the “Freezing Chip” technology. It is the creation of the novel thin-film materials (electro freezing/heating foil) based on the nanostructured dielectrics and semiconductors with the preset optimal parameters and changing a cooling process into a heating process simply by switching the polarity of the supply voltage. We have developed nanostructured semiconductors with a non-conventional mechanism of electron conductivity 10 – 10^3 Ohm-1*cm-1. In this case the material heat conduction is of a purely lattice type and is 0,1- 1,0 W/(m*K). Actually, we have developed some kind of an electron heat pipe, but in a nanostructured solid. It allows the principal constraint imposed by the Wiedemann-Franz’s law on the efficiency in Peltier effect-based thermo electrical refrigerators to be eliminated. The heat conduction of nanostructured semiconductors having the same electrical conductance as that in the best Bi:Te:Se:-based electrical refrigerators is more than 10-100 times less that offers promise to achieve the energy efficiencies 50%-70 % at 100-300 K and 15-50 % at 10-100 K temperature ranges per one refrigerator stage.

1. A.M. Ilyanok, T.N. Timoshchenko
Consulting Center "Nanobiology" CJSC
amilyanok@gmail.com
A.G. Smirnov, A.A.Stepanov
The Laboratory “Information displays and optical processing systems”,
Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics,
smirnov@bsuir.by
9th Minsk International Seminar “Heat Pipes, Heat Pumps, Refrigerators, Power Sources”,
Minsk, Belarus, 07-10 September, 2015
1

2. The “Freezing Chip” technology is based on novel thin-film
nanostructured dielectric and semiconductor materials
(electrofreezing/heating foil) with the preset optimal
parameters for each specific application.
Atomic-molecular engineering methods are using for the
construction of electronic heat pipes for air conditioners,
household refrigerator and recuperators, infrared sensors,
effective freezing of the very-large-scale integration circuits and
so on to achieve the efficiencies up to 50% ÷ 70%.
2

3. 3
The technology "Freezing Chip" is the key to world
refrigeration markets. This technology fundamentally
solves the problem:

4. The “Freezing Chip” technology results from the patent
of A. Ilyanok “Quantum-size electronic devices and
operating conditions thereof”
This patent is one of the key invention in the field of
nanotechnology, which determines limit characteristics
of nanoelectronic elements, operating regimes thereof
and methods of parameters analysis.
4

5. Quantum thermodynamics is the study of the relations between two
independent physical theories: thermodynamics and quantum mechanics.
Currently quantum thermodynamics addresses the emergence of
thermodynamic laws from quantum mechanics. It differs from quantum
statistical mechanics in the emphasis on dynamical processes out of
equilibrium, to significantly advance the theory of foundational
thermodynamics, with a focus on its applicability in the nanoscale regime
http://www.quantumthermodynamics.org/ .
We have advanced - we tied the microcosm and the
macrocosm with the help of quantum thermodynamics
5

6. 6
We found that the laws of the microworld can be extended to the
macroworld
through the introduction of a generalized action quantum
c
e
hh
n
n
0
12
4 επ
α
αα
−
== ,
where n=0, ±1,±2…, ε0 – permittivity of vacuum.
For n = 0 we have the usual Planck's constant, for n=1 we have
constant Stoney.

7. 7

8. At heating of a powder from a fullerens higher 250К molecules begin to rotate about their
axises with frequency
12 1
10Ff c−
= (at 300K) and equatorial velocity of a surface of
molecules:
2 1.99177 / sF F Fv r f kmπ= =
Equatorial surface velocity of the Sun through global constants:
2
v 1.995525 /
8
c
km s
α
= =
These values coincide theoretical and experimental value of equatorial rotation rate of the
Sun with precision of 0.19 %. In this sense fullerens are certain model of kinetics of stars.
8
A.M. Ilyanok. Quantum Astronomy. Part II
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0001059v1,
Егоров В.М. Письма в ЖТФ Т.19. Вып.19, 1993

9. 9
The heat death of the universe is a
historically suggested ultimate fate of the
universe in which the universe has
diminished to a state of no thermodynamic
free energy and therefore can no longer
sustain processes that consume energy
(including computation and life
Our model of quantum
thermodynamics rejects heat death
of the universe, and maintains that
the universe is eternal
http://metagalactic.net/
Nature, V. 425. p.593.

10. 10
N Name Theoretical
formula
Theoretic
al value
Experimenta
l value
Ref.
Author An independent
experiment
1. The critical velocity of
superfluid phase motion
relative to normal phase in
liquid helium (4
He II) 2
4
max
c
v
α
=
0.6011 m/s 0.60 m/s 1
2. The limiting velocity of first
sound in liquid helium
3
43
1
π
α cv =
238,4303
m/s
238,3 ± 0,1
m/s (saturated
vapor pressure
at T = 0.1 K)
1
3. The limiting velocity of
second sound in liquid
helium
3
4
3
31
2
π
α c
v
v ==
137.58 m/s 137.58 m/s
(saturated
vapor pressure
at T = 0.1 K)
1
4. The critical speed of sound
at the phase transition π
λ
2
1v
v =
95,12 m/s at Tλ
5. The critical transition
temperature of liquid
helium in the superfluid
state
( )
k
cM
k
Mv
T
32
232
αλ
λ ==
2.1780 K 2,1720 K 1

11. 11
Nα = 861 – transverse quantum number;
α – fine structure constant or longitudinal quantum number ( 1
2
2
1
+





=−
π
α αN ) ;
e – electron charge;  =
h
2π
– Plank constant; с – speed of light; М – mass of atom
4
He; me – electron mass; mp – proton mass; k – Boltsman constant; me/α – heavy
electron mass.
1. Seth N. Putterman, Superfluid Hydrodynamics, North-Holland Publishing Company,
Amsterdam-London, American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc – New York. 1974.
(there is Russian eddition).

12. 12

13. 13
We are moving from an uncontrolled 3D interaction of the thermal carrier
(molecules, electrons) to the controlled 1D interaction. As a result, the
efficiency of 33% (limit of heat engines) can reach 100%.

14. Innovation of our approach is to move from models using classical drift-
diffusion mechanisms of carrier motion in solids and plasmas to quantum
mechanical models with local control parameters of the medium due to its
nanostructure. This will:
14
• to completely refuse from all types of freons, to actually protect the environment and to
eliminate the expenses related to the change-over from CFC-freons to less active HCFC-freons
which will not allow the ozone conservation problem to be solved in general;
• to refuse from movable mechanisms - compressors and thermal switches that would
improve reliability and reduce operating costs;
• to achieve efficiency more than 30 % for consumer and industrial air conditioners,
refrigeration and recuperator engineering, that would also help conserve electric energy and
really protect the environment from the power plants’ emissions;
• Effective freezing of the very-large-scale integration circuits.

15. 15
Basing on our theoretical and experimental results we have arrived at the conclusion that functions
of a cooling element and a thermal switch may be actually combined. With this aim in mind, we
have developed nanostructured semiconductors with a non-conventional mechanism of electron
conductivity with σ = 10 - 103
Ohm-1
⋅cm-1
. In this case the material heat conduction is of a purely
lattice type and is λ = 0.1- 1.0 W/(m⋅K). Actually, we have developed some kind of an electron heat
pipe, but in a nanostructured solid (our know-how)
Designofelectronicheatpipesonthebasisofelectrofreezing/heatingfoil

16. 16

17. 17
1. Decreasing of an electric energy demand approximately in 1.2-1.6
times in comparison with compression refrigeration equipment and 5-6 times in
comparison with the semiconductor Peltier coolers at the cost price in the range
of $0.3- $ 1.0 per 1W of the expended electrical energy.
2. Decreasing of an electric energy demand approximately in 1.2-1.6
times in comparison with compression refrigeration equipment and 5-6 times
in comparison with the semiconductor Peltier coolers at the cost price in the
range of $0.3- $ 1.0 per 1W of the expended electrical energy.
3. Environmentally acceptable product due to take-over freons and
observance of all inter-national standards.
4. Silence in operation.
5. High performance reliability and low operating costs due to take-
over mechanical units.
6. High patent protection.

18. 18
The main result of the investigations is the creation of
thin-film solid thermoelectric converters electricity in
the cold/heat with the help of quantum size effects
("Freezing chip" technology) for the mass production
of refrigerators, air conditioners and recuperators,
electron heat pipe etc. with an efficiency about 50% -
70% (depending on temperature). They will work
directly from a network (~127V or ~220V or ~380 V)
or battery without transformers and galvanic isolation.

19. 19