SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 31
Download to read offline
Single Electron Transistor
1
Overview
 What is SET?
 How it works?
 Logic Implementation
 Programmable Logic Implementation
 Fabrication
 Applications
 Limitations of SETs
Single Electron Transistor
2
What is a Single Electron
Transistor (SET)?
 Device based on ‘Quantum mechanical
principles’
 Exploits ‘Quantum effect of tunneling’.
 Tunneling on purpose.
 one electron sufficient to define a logic
state.
 Tunneling : a discrete process
3
Single Electron Transistor
The Tunneling Phenomenon
•Tunneling is possible because of the wave-like properties of
matter.
•Quantum mechanics allows a small particle, such as an electron, to overcome a potential
barrier larger than its kinetic energy.
•Transmission Probability: T ≈ 16ε(1 – ε)e-2κL
• Tunnelling on purpose: Make ‘T ‘ very high
=> Adjust device parameters
4
Single Electron Transistor
Introduction to Single Electron
Transistor:
 A Quantum Dot(QD) or Island.
 Two tunnels Junctions
 A Gate electrode
 Gate capacitor
 ( optional ) 2nd
Gate electrode
Symmetric device : S and D interchangeable
5
Single Electron Transistor
What Happens in SET..?
A SET is similar to a
normal MOS
transistor, except
1) the channel is replaced by a nano
dot.
2) the dot is separated from source and
drain by thin insulators (SiO2).
An electron tunnels in two steps:
source → dot → drain
3) The gate voltage Vg is used to control
the charge on the gate-dot capacitor
Cg .
6
Single Electron Transistor
COULOMB BLOCKADE
 Ec =e^2 /2Cg is the electrostatic energy needed for one electron of the
"source" electrode to tunnel across the metal island and reach the "drain"
electrode.
 If this energy barrier is appreciably higher than the thermal fluctuation energy
KBT, the island remains sensitive to the addition of just one extra electron to the
millions it already contains.
 And precisely one extra electron can be added in certain polarization
conditions of the SET device.
 If there is not enough electron energy, the transfer will be blocked.
 This phenomenon is called the Coulomb blockade.
Single Electron Transistor
7
COULOMB BLOCKADE
 Electron transfers on island : based on Coulomb interaction.
 “ Island’s electrostatic potential increases with the addition of an
electron and addition of further electrons becomes more difficult”
 For electron to hop onto the island:
Its Energy =Charging energy, Ec =e^2 /2Cg
 Provide ext. bias voltage…
Single Electron Transistor
8
V-I Characteristics
 At Vg = e/2C ,current rises
 Additional voltage ‘e/C’ (Coulomb gap voltage), for further increase.
 Periodic Id-Vg chara. (Coulomb oscillations)
Single Electron Transistor
9
CONDITIONS FOR TUNNELLING
Single Electron Transistor
10
On Increasing Vg…..
Single electron
tunnelling
Two electron tunneling
Current rises..
Single Electron Transistor
11
On Increasing Vg…..
Electron gets trapped..
Current drops
Single Electron Transistor
12
Both electrons trapped..
Current=0
Conductance v/s Vg plot
Single Electron Transistor
13
LOGIC IMPLEMENTATION
 nMOS  nSET
( ON when Vg=‘1’)
 pMOS  pSET
( ON when Vg=‘0’)
 To realise pSET :
=>Use 2nd
Gate electrode..!!
=> Apply reqd. voltage to shift I-V characteristics
Single Electron Transistor
14
BASIC INVERTER..
Single Electron Transistor
15
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
 With the help of Non Volatile Memory (NVM)
function. (implemented using SETs)
 NVM node is capacitively coupled to the ISLAND
 SET I-V characteristics programmed via NVM.
i.e SET can dynamically change to pSET or nSET.
Single Electron Transistor
16
Single Electron Transistor
17
Single Electron Transistor
18
SPICE Simulation O/p waveform
Single Electron Transistor
19
ADVANTAGES OF PROGRAMMABLE
SET LOGIC
 High degree of programmability with low device count.
 A single logic ckt can implement many logic
functions..!
 Impossible with CMOS tech.
Single Electron Transistor
20
Initial device structure of SET
SIMOX
wafer. A
type of
SOI.
Conductance oscillations as a function of the gate
voltage measured at 300 K at a drain voltage of 10 mV.
21
Conductance
oscillations as a
function of the gate
voltage measured at
40 K and at a
drain voltage of 10
mV.
Initial structure of the twin
SETs before
22
SET
Single Electron Transistor
23
Structure of SET24
Single Electron Transistor
25
Supersensitive electrometry:-Supersensitive electrometry:-
If the source-drain voltage to a single-
electron transistor is slightly above
its Coulomb blockade threshold,
source-drain current through the
device is extremely sensitive to the
gate voltage.
Supersensitive electrometry:-Supersensitive electrometry:-
If the source-drain voltage to a single-
electron transistor is slightly above
its Coulomb blockade threshold,
source-drain current through the
device is extremely sensitive to the
gate voltage.
Microwave detection:-Microwave detection:-
The videoresponse ("photoresponse") of
single-electron systems to
electromagnetic radiation with
frequency f=Ec/h. Microwave has low
frequency, and so low energy, so
detection would not have been possible
without SET.
Microwave detection:-Microwave detection:-
The videoresponse ("photoresponse") of
single-electron systems to
electromagnetic radiation with
frequency f=Ec/h. Microwave has low
frequency, and so low energy, so
detection would not have been possible
without SET.
26
LIMITATIONS OF SET
 Susceptible to Back ground charge.
 High bit error rates.
 Room temperature operation.
 Fabrication.
 Low fanout (High o/p impedance).
Single Electron Transistor
27
Conclusion
The future of SETs looks very bright. Instead of
working with millions of electrons in today’s
MOS tech., one can realize the limit of
calculating with single electrons. No matter
how good SET tech. might turn out to be, it is
hard to imagine that it will replace MOS
tech. completely. The biggest benefits seem
to lie in the clever combination of both.
Moore’s Law will sustain......!!
Single Electron Transistor
28
REFERENCES
1. H. Pothier, P. Lafarge, D. Esteve, C. Urbina, and M.
H. Devoret, “Passing electrons one by one: Is a 8
accuracy achievable?,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.,
vol. 42, pp. 324–330, Apr. 1993.
2. Josh Clark, "How Quantum Suicide Works"
3. (
http://science.howstuffworks.com/quantum-suicide.htm
)
4. M.A. Kastner, Physics Today 46(1993) 24
5. R.H. Chen, A.N. Korotkov, K.K. Likharev: Single-
Electron Transistor Logic, Appl. Phys.Lett., Vol. 68,
No. 14, April 1996, pp. 1954 – 1956Single Electron Transistor
29
Single Electron Transistor
30
Single Electron Transistor
31

More Related Content

What's hot

Coulomb Blockade Oscillations
Coulomb Blockade OscillationsCoulomb Blockade Oscillations
Coulomb Blockade OscillationsDeepak Rajput
 
Particle Accelerators
Particle AcceleratorsParticle Accelerators
Particle AcceleratorsErich Wanzek
 
Lecture 5 energy bands and charge carriers
Lecture 5 energy bands and charge carriersLecture 5 energy bands and charge carriers
Lecture 5 energy bands and charge carriersavocado1111
 
Reflex klystron amplifier , microwave klystron amplifier
Reflex klystron amplifier , microwave klystron amplifierReflex klystron amplifier , microwave klystron amplifier
Reflex klystron amplifier , microwave klystron amplifierKamal Bhagat
 
Superconductivity(as macroscopic phenomena) term paper presentation
Superconductivity(as macroscopic phenomena) term paper presentationSuperconductivity(as macroscopic phenomena) term paper presentation
Superconductivity(as macroscopic phenomena) term paper presentationsujeet1022
 
josphenson junction
josphenson junctionjosphenson junction
josphenson junctionKumar Vivek
 
F. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna Adaptation
F. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna AdaptationF. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna Adaptation
F. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna AdaptationKurt Zeller
 
application of superconductor
application of superconductorapplication of superconductor
application of superconductorBRS ENGINEERING
 
Poster Superconductivity
Poster SuperconductivityPoster Superconductivity
Poster SuperconductivityJohn Guss
 
Quantum levitation
Quantum levitationQuantum levitation
Quantum levitationabhik_24
 
Basics of semiconductor, current equation, continuity equation, injected mino...
Basics of semiconductor, current equation, continuity equation, injected mino...Basics of semiconductor, current equation, continuity equation, injected mino...
Basics of semiconductor, current equation, continuity equation, injected mino...Nidhee Bhuwal
 
Dielectric Properties of Insulating Materials
Dielectric Properties of Insulating MaterialsDielectric Properties of Insulating Materials
Dielectric Properties of Insulating Materialsrajendra purkar
 
B.tech sem i engineering physics u iii chapter 2-superconductivity
B.tech sem i engineering physics u iii chapter 2-superconductivityB.tech sem i engineering physics u iii chapter 2-superconductivity
B.tech sem i engineering physics u iii chapter 2-superconductivityRai University
 

What's hot (20)

Coulomb Blockade Oscillations
Coulomb Blockade OscillationsCoulomb Blockade Oscillations
Coulomb Blockade Oscillations
 
My project
My projectMy project
My project
 
Particle Accelerators
Particle AcceleratorsParticle Accelerators
Particle Accelerators
 
Ecx 5239 assmt 01
Ecx 5239 assmt 01Ecx 5239 assmt 01
Ecx 5239 assmt 01
 
Lecture 5 energy bands and charge carriers
Lecture 5 energy bands and charge carriersLecture 5 energy bands and charge carriers
Lecture 5 energy bands and charge carriers
 
Microwave linear beam 31
Microwave linear beam 31Microwave linear beam 31
Microwave linear beam 31
 
Squid2
Squid2Squid2
Squid2
 
Reflex klystron amplifier , microwave klystron amplifier
Reflex klystron amplifier , microwave klystron amplifierReflex klystron amplifier , microwave klystron amplifier
Reflex klystron amplifier , microwave klystron amplifier
 
Superconductivity(as macroscopic phenomena) term paper presentation
Superconductivity(as macroscopic phenomena) term paper presentationSuperconductivity(as macroscopic phenomena) term paper presentation
Superconductivity(as macroscopic phenomena) term paper presentation
 
josphenson junction
josphenson junctionjosphenson junction
josphenson junction
 
F. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna Adaptation
F. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna AdaptationF. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna Adaptation
F. Magnetron Deconstruction and Antenna Adaptation
 
Basic Properties of Electric Charge | Physics
Basic Properties of Electric Charge | PhysicsBasic Properties of Electric Charge | Physics
Basic Properties of Electric Charge | Physics
 
application of superconductor
application of superconductorapplication of superconductor
application of superconductor
 
Poster Superconductivity
Poster SuperconductivityPoster Superconductivity
Poster Superconductivity
 
Quantum levitation
Quantum levitationQuantum levitation
Quantum levitation
 
ELECTRIC DIPOLE
ELECTRIC DIPOLEELECTRIC DIPOLE
ELECTRIC DIPOLE
 
Sonjoy kundu
Sonjoy kunduSonjoy kundu
Sonjoy kundu
 
Basics of semiconductor, current equation, continuity equation, injected mino...
Basics of semiconductor, current equation, continuity equation, injected mino...Basics of semiconductor, current equation, continuity equation, injected mino...
Basics of semiconductor, current equation, continuity equation, injected mino...
 
Dielectric Properties of Insulating Materials
Dielectric Properties of Insulating MaterialsDielectric Properties of Insulating Materials
Dielectric Properties of Insulating Materials
 
B.tech sem i engineering physics u iii chapter 2-superconductivity
B.tech sem i engineering physics u iii chapter 2-superconductivityB.tech sem i engineering physics u iii chapter 2-superconductivity
B.tech sem i engineering physics u iii chapter 2-superconductivity
 

Viewers also liked

Abstract for artificial retina using tft's
Abstract for artificial retina using tft'sAbstract for artificial retina using tft's
Abstract for artificial retina using tft'sRam B
 
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect TransistorGraphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect TransistorAhmed AlAskalany
 
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronicsGraphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronicsGiuseppe Iannaccone
 
Massively Open Online Courses: MOOC
Massively Open Online Courses: MOOCMassively Open Online Courses: MOOC
Massively Open Online Courses: MOOCcenter4edupunx
 
Ppt for automatic plant irrigation system
Ppt for automatic plant irrigation systemPpt for automatic plant irrigation system
Ppt for automatic plant irrigation systemstk25
 

Viewers also liked (11)

Graphene nanoribbons
Graphene nanoribbonsGraphene nanoribbons
Graphene nanoribbons
 
Cntfet copy
Cntfet   copyCntfet   copy
Cntfet copy
 
Abstract for artificial retina using tft's
Abstract for artificial retina using tft'sAbstract for artificial retina using tft's
Abstract for artificial retina using tft's
 
Cntfet
Cntfet   Cntfet
Cntfet
 
CNFET Technology
CNFET TechnologyCNFET Technology
CNFET Technology
 
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect TransistorGraphene Field Effect Transistor
Graphene Field Effect Transistor
 
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronicsGraphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
Graphene transistors and two-dimensional electronics
 
GNR FET
GNR FET GNR FET
GNR FET
 
CNTFET
CNTFETCNTFET
CNTFET
 
Massively Open Online Courses: MOOC
Massively Open Online Courses: MOOCMassively Open Online Courses: MOOC
Massively Open Online Courses: MOOC
 
Ppt for automatic plant irrigation system
Ppt for automatic plant irrigation systemPpt for automatic plant irrigation system
Ppt for automatic plant irrigation system
 

Similar to Prashant Pal College of Technology GBPUA&T Pantnagar

SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR: APPLICATIONS & PROBLEMS
SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR: APPLICATIONS & PROBLEMSSINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR: APPLICATIONS & PROBLEMS
SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR: APPLICATIONS & PROBLEMSVLSICS Design
 
Single Electron Transistor: Applications & Problems
Single Electron Transistor: Applications & Problems  Single Electron Transistor: Applications & Problems
Single Electron Transistor: Applications & Problems VLSICS Design
 
Quantitative Modeling and Simulation of Single-Electron Transistor
Quantitative Modeling and Simulation of Single-Electron TransistorQuantitative Modeling and Simulation of Single-Electron Transistor
Quantitative Modeling and Simulation of Single-Electron TransistorIRJET Journal
 
cathode ray oscilloscope
cathode ray oscilloscopecathode ray oscilloscope
cathode ray oscilloscopehajahrokiah
 
Kinetics of X-ray conductivity for an ideal wide-gap semiconductor irradiated...
Kinetics of X-ray conductivity for an ideal wide-gap semiconductor irradiated...Kinetics of X-ray conductivity for an ideal wide-gap semiconductor irradiated...
Kinetics of X-ray conductivity for an ideal wide-gap semiconductor irradiated...Andrii Sofiienko
 
Basics-and-Applications-of-impedance.pptx
Basics-and-Applications-of-impedance.pptxBasics-and-Applications-of-impedance.pptx
Basics-and-Applications-of-impedance.pptxPragyaMishra666940
 
Linear Accelerator working and construction
Linear Accelerator working and constructionLinear Accelerator working and construction
Linear Accelerator working and constructionBDRRISHIKESHVLOGS
 
Electrical Servuces_MOD I_I.pptx
Electrical Servuces_MOD I_I.pptxElectrical Servuces_MOD I_I.pptx
Electrical Servuces_MOD I_I.pptxssuser3f3a21
 
Electrostatics f
Electrostatics fElectrostatics f
Electrostatics fVjsir Jain
 
basics-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pptx
basics-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pptxbasics-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pptx
basics-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pptxFarhad40760
 
Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy
Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopyVisible and ultraviolet spectroscopy
Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopyRawat DA Greatt
 

Similar to Prashant Pal College of Technology GBPUA&T Pantnagar (20)

SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR: APPLICATIONS & PROBLEMS
SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR: APPLICATIONS & PROBLEMSSINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR: APPLICATIONS & PROBLEMS
SINGLE ELECTRON TRANSISTOR: APPLICATIONS & PROBLEMS
 
Single Electron Transistor: Applications & Problems
Single Electron Transistor: Applications & Problems  Single Electron Transistor: Applications & Problems
Single Electron Transistor: Applications & Problems
 
Final_SET.ppt
Final_SET.pptFinal_SET.ppt
Final_SET.ppt
 
Mobility
MobilityMobility
Mobility
 
Quantitative Modeling and Simulation of Single-Electron Transistor
Quantitative Modeling and Simulation of Single-Electron TransistorQuantitative Modeling and Simulation of Single-Electron Transistor
Quantitative Modeling and Simulation of Single-Electron Transistor
 
Linac presentation
Linac presentationLinac presentation
Linac presentation
 
Comps #2
Comps #2Comps #2
Comps #2
 
cathode ray oscilloscope
cathode ray oscilloscopecathode ray oscilloscope
cathode ray oscilloscope
 
Kinetics of X-ray conductivity for an ideal wide-gap semiconductor irradiated...
Kinetics of X-ray conductivity for an ideal wide-gap semiconductor irradiated...Kinetics of X-ray conductivity for an ideal wide-gap semiconductor irradiated...
Kinetics of X-ray conductivity for an ideal wide-gap semiconductor irradiated...
 
Sonjoy
SonjoySonjoy
Sonjoy
 
NANOELECTRONICS-ppt.ppt
NANOELECTRONICS-ppt.pptNANOELECTRONICS-ppt.ppt
NANOELECTRONICS-ppt.ppt
 
UNIT I - HVE.ppt
UNIT I - HVE.pptUNIT I - HVE.ppt
UNIT I - HVE.ppt
 
UTK_Lecture1_March08.pdf
UTK_Lecture1_March08.pdfUTK_Lecture1_March08.pdf
UTK_Lecture1_March08.pdf
 
Basics-and-Applications-of-impedance.pptx
Basics-and-Applications-of-impedance.pptxBasics-and-Applications-of-impedance.pptx
Basics-and-Applications-of-impedance.pptx
 
Linear Accelerator working and construction
Linear Accelerator working and constructionLinear Accelerator working and construction
Linear Accelerator working and construction
 
Electrochemistry chapter 1
Electrochemistry chapter 1Electrochemistry chapter 1
Electrochemistry chapter 1
 
Electrical Servuces_MOD I_I.pptx
Electrical Servuces_MOD I_I.pptxElectrical Servuces_MOD I_I.pptx
Electrical Servuces_MOD I_I.pptx
 
Electrostatics f
Electrostatics fElectrostatics f
Electrostatics f
 
basics-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pptx
basics-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pptxbasics-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pptx
basics-of-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy.pptx
 
Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy
Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopyVisible and ultraviolet spectroscopy
Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy
 

Recently uploaded

Oracle_PLSQL_basic_tutorial_with_workon_Exercises.ppt
Oracle_PLSQL_basic_tutorial_with_workon_Exercises.pptOracle_PLSQL_basic_tutorial_with_workon_Exercises.ppt
Oracle_PLSQL_basic_tutorial_with_workon_Exercises.pptDheerajKashnyal
 
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of  Electrochemical SensorBasic Principle of  Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of Electrochemical SensorTanvir Moin
 
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemsolar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemgokuldongala
 
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....santhyamuthu1
 
CSR Managerial Round Questions and answers.pptx
CSR Managerial Round Questions and answers.pptxCSR Managerial Round Questions and answers.pptx
CSR Managerial Round Questions and answers.pptxssusera0771e
 
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationA Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationMohsinKhanA
 
Vertical- Machining - Center - VMC -LMW-Machine-Tool-Division.pptx
Vertical- Machining - Center - VMC -LMW-Machine-Tool-Division.pptxVertical- Machining - Center - VMC -LMW-Machine-Tool-Division.pptx
Vertical- Machining - Center - VMC -LMW-Machine-Tool-Division.pptxLMW Machine Tool Division
 
Tachyon 100G PCB Performance Attributes and Applications
Tachyon 100G PCB Performance Attributes and ApplicationsTachyon 100G PCB Performance Attributes and Applications
Tachyon 100G PCB Performance Attributes and ApplicationsEpec Engineered Technologies
 
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsModelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsYusuf Yıldız
 
Renewable Energy & Entrepreneurship Workshop_21Feb2024.pdf
Renewable Energy & Entrepreneurship Workshop_21Feb2024.pdfRenewable Energy & Entrepreneurship Workshop_21Feb2024.pdf
Renewable Energy & Entrepreneurship Workshop_21Feb2024.pdfodunowoeminence2019
 
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...amrabdallah9
 
Carbohydrates principles of biochemistry
Carbohydrates principles of biochemistryCarbohydrates principles of biochemistry
Carbohydrates principles of biochemistryKomakeTature
 
UNIT4_ESD_wfffffggggggggggggith_ARM.pptx
UNIT4_ESD_wfffffggggggggggggith_ARM.pptxUNIT4_ESD_wfffffggggggggggggith_ARM.pptx
UNIT4_ESD_wfffffggggggggggggith_ARM.pptxrealme6igamerr
 
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptxDesign Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptxrajesshs31r
 
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptxIT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptxSAJITHABANUS
 
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxnvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxjasonsedano2
 
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdfsdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdfJulia Kaye
 
Transforming Process Safety Management: Challenges, Benefits, and Transition ...
Transforming Process Safety Management: Challenges, Benefits, and Transition ...Transforming Process Safety Management: Challenges, Benefits, and Transition ...
Transforming Process Safety Management: Challenges, Benefits, and Transition ...soginsider
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Oracle_PLSQL_basic_tutorial_with_workon_Exercises.ppt
Oracle_PLSQL_basic_tutorial_with_workon_Exercises.pptOracle_PLSQL_basic_tutorial_with_workon_Exercises.ppt
Oracle_PLSQL_basic_tutorial_with_workon_Exercises.ppt
 
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of  Electrochemical SensorBasic Principle of  Electrochemical Sensor
Basic Principle of Electrochemical Sensor
 
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging systemsolar wireless electric vechicle charging system
solar wireless electric vechicle charging system
 
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
SATELITE COMMUNICATION UNIT 1 CEC352 REGULATION 2021 PPT BASICS OF SATELITE ....
 
CSR Managerial Round Questions and answers.pptx
CSR Managerial Round Questions and answers.pptxCSR Managerial Round Questions and answers.pptx
CSR Managerial Round Questions and answers.pptx
 
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software SimulationA Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
A Seminar on Electric Vehicle Software Simulation
 
Vertical- Machining - Center - VMC -LMW-Machine-Tool-Division.pptx
Vertical- Machining - Center - VMC -LMW-Machine-Tool-Division.pptxVertical- Machining - Center - VMC -LMW-Machine-Tool-Division.pptx
Vertical- Machining - Center - VMC -LMW-Machine-Tool-Division.pptx
 
Tachyon 100G PCB Performance Attributes and Applications
Tachyon 100G PCB Performance Attributes and ApplicationsTachyon 100G PCB Performance Attributes and Applications
Tachyon 100G PCB Performance Attributes and Applications
 
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovationsModelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
Modelling Guide for Timber Structures - FPInnovations
 
Renewable Energy & Entrepreneurship Workshop_21Feb2024.pdf
Renewable Energy & Entrepreneurship Workshop_21Feb2024.pdfRenewable Energy & Entrepreneurship Workshop_21Feb2024.pdf
Renewable Energy & Entrepreneurship Workshop_21Feb2024.pdf
 
Lecture 2 .pdf
Lecture 2                           .pdfLecture 2                           .pdf
Lecture 2 .pdf
 
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
Strategies of Urban Morphologyfor Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort and Susta...
 
Carbohydrates principles of biochemistry
Carbohydrates principles of biochemistryCarbohydrates principles of biochemistry
Carbohydrates principles of biochemistry
 
Litature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
Litature Review: Research Paper work for EngineeringLitature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
Litature Review: Research Paper work for Engineering
 
UNIT4_ESD_wfffffggggggggggggith_ARM.pptx
UNIT4_ESD_wfffffggggggggggggith_ARM.pptxUNIT4_ESD_wfffffggggggggggggith_ARM.pptx
UNIT4_ESD_wfffffggggggggggggith_ARM.pptx
 
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptxDesign Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
Design Analysis of Alogorithm 1 ppt 2024.pptx
 
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptxIT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
IT3401-WEB ESSENTIALS PRESENTATIONS.pptx
 
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptxnvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
nvidia AI-gtc 2024 partial slide deck.pptx
 
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdfsdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
sdfsadopkjpiosufoiasdoifjasldkjfl a asldkjflaskdjflkjsdsdf
 
Transforming Process Safety Management: Challenges, Benefits, and Transition ...
Transforming Process Safety Management: Challenges, Benefits, and Transition ...Transforming Process Safety Management: Challenges, Benefits, and Transition ...
Transforming Process Safety Management: Challenges, Benefits, and Transition ...
 

Prashant Pal College of Technology GBPUA&T Pantnagar

  • 2. Overview  What is SET?  How it works?  Logic Implementation  Programmable Logic Implementation  Fabrication  Applications  Limitations of SETs Single Electron Transistor 2
  • 3. What is a Single Electron Transistor (SET)?  Device based on ‘Quantum mechanical principles’  Exploits ‘Quantum effect of tunneling’.  Tunneling on purpose.  one electron sufficient to define a logic state.  Tunneling : a discrete process 3 Single Electron Transistor
  • 4. The Tunneling Phenomenon •Tunneling is possible because of the wave-like properties of matter. •Quantum mechanics allows a small particle, such as an electron, to overcome a potential barrier larger than its kinetic energy. •Transmission Probability: T ≈ 16ε(1 – ε)e-2κL • Tunnelling on purpose: Make ‘T ‘ very high => Adjust device parameters 4 Single Electron Transistor
  • 5. Introduction to Single Electron Transistor:  A Quantum Dot(QD) or Island.  Two tunnels Junctions  A Gate electrode  Gate capacitor  ( optional ) 2nd Gate electrode Symmetric device : S and D interchangeable 5 Single Electron Transistor
  • 6. What Happens in SET..? A SET is similar to a normal MOS transistor, except 1) the channel is replaced by a nano dot. 2) the dot is separated from source and drain by thin insulators (SiO2). An electron tunnels in two steps: source → dot → drain 3) The gate voltage Vg is used to control the charge on the gate-dot capacitor Cg . 6 Single Electron Transistor
  • 7. COULOMB BLOCKADE  Ec =e^2 /2Cg is the electrostatic energy needed for one electron of the "source" electrode to tunnel across the metal island and reach the "drain" electrode.  If this energy barrier is appreciably higher than the thermal fluctuation energy KBT, the island remains sensitive to the addition of just one extra electron to the millions it already contains.  And precisely one extra electron can be added in certain polarization conditions of the SET device.  If there is not enough electron energy, the transfer will be blocked.  This phenomenon is called the Coulomb blockade. Single Electron Transistor 7
  • 8. COULOMB BLOCKADE  Electron transfers on island : based on Coulomb interaction.  “ Island’s electrostatic potential increases with the addition of an electron and addition of further electrons becomes more difficult”  For electron to hop onto the island: Its Energy =Charging energy, Ec =e^2 /2Cg  Provide ext. bias voltage… Single Electron Transistor 8
  • 9. V-I Characteristics  At Vg = e/2C ,current rises  Additional voltage ‘e/C’ (Coulomb gap voltage), for further increase.  Periodic Id-Vg chara. (Coulomb oscillations) Single Electron Transistor 9
  • 10. CONDITIONS FOR TUNNELLING Single Electron Transistor 10
  • 11. On Increasing Vg….. Single electron tunnelling Two electron tunneling Current rises.. Single Electron Transistor 11
  • 12. On Increasing Vg….. Electron gets trapped.. Current drops Single Electron Transistor 12 Both electrons trapped.. Current=0
  • 13. Conductance v/s Vg plot Single Electron Transistor 13
  • 14. LOGIC IMPLEMENTATION  nMOS  nSET ( ON when Vg=‘1’)  pMOS  pSET ( ON when Vg=‘0’)  To realise pSET : =>Use 2nd Gate electrode..!! => Apply reqd. voltage to shift I-V characteristics Single Electron Transistor 14
  • 16. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC  With the help of Non Volatile Memory (NVM) function. (implemented using SETs)  NVM node is capacitively coupled to the ISLAND  SET I-V characteristics programmed via NVM. i.e SET can dynamically change to pSET or nSET. Single Electron Transistor 16
  • 19. SPICE Simulation O/p waveform Single Electron Transistor 19
  • 20. ADVANTAGES OF PROGRAMMABLE SET LOGIC  High degree of programmability with low device count.  A single logic ckt can implement many logic functions..!  Impossible with CMOS tech. Single Electron Transistor 20
  • 21. Initial device structure of SET SIMOX wafer. A type of SOI. Conductance oscillations as a function of the gate voltage measured at 300 K at a drain voltage of 10 mV. 21
  • 22. Conductance oscillations as a function of the gate voltage measured at 40 K and at a drain voltage of 10 mV. Initial structure of the twin SETs before 22
  • 24. Structure of SET24 Single Electron Transistor
  • 25. 25
  • 26. Supersensitive electrometry:-Supersensitive electrometry:- If the source-drain voltage to a single- electron transistor is slightly above its Coulomb blockade threshold, source-drain current through the device is extremely sensitive to the gate voltage. Supersensitive electrometry:-Supersensitive electrometry:- If the source-drain voltage to a single- electron transistor is slightly above its Coulomb blockade threshold, source-drain current through the device is extremely sensitive to the gate voltage. Microwave detection:-Microwave detection:- The videoresponse ("photoresponse") of single-electron systems to electromagnetic radiation with frequency f=Ec/h. Microwave has low frequency, and so low energy, so detection would not have been possible without SET. Microwave detection:-Microwave detection:- The videoresponse ("photoresponse") of single-electron systems to electromagnetic radiation with frequency f=Ec/h. Microwave has low frequency, and so low energy, so detection would not have been possible without SET. 26
  • 27. LIMITATIONS OF SET  Susceptible to Back ground charge.  High bit error rates.  Room temperature operation.  Fabrication.  Low fanout (High o/p impedance). Single Electron Transistor 27
  • 28. Conclusion The future of SETs looks very bright. Instead of working with millions of electrons in today’s MOS tech., one can realize the limit of calculating with single electrons. No matter how good SET tech. might turn out to be, it is hard to imagine that it will replace MOS tech. completely. The biggest benefits seem to lie in the clever combination of both. Moore’s Law will sustain......!! Single Electron Transistor 28
  • 29. REFERENCES 1. H. Pothier, P. Lafarge, D. Esteve, C. Urbina, and M. H. Devoret, “Passing electrons one by one: Is a 8 accuracy achievable?,” IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 42, pp. 324–330, Apr. 1993. 2. Josh Clark, "How Quantum Suicide Works" 3. ( http://science.howstuffworks.com/quantum-suicide.htm ) 4. M.A. Kastner, Physics Today 46(1993) 24 5. R.H. Chen, A.N. Korotkov, K.K. Likharev: Single- Electron Transistor Logic, Appl. Phys.Lett., Vol. 68, No. 14, April 1996, pp. 1954 – 1956Single Electron Transistor 29