Mathematics is widely used in science for measurements, calculations, and showing relationships between variables. Arithmetic involves basic operations with numbers, while algebra uses letters to represent relationships without numbers. Higher mathematics like calculus are needed for more complex relationships. Examples of where math is applied include using arithmetic for measurements, algebra for equations in physics, and calculus for gravity equations. A basic understanding of math concepts is important for science, but advanced topics may require math knowledge and prerequisites for university-level science courses.

1. Math in Science
Research – Math in Science disciplines
Teaching: An effective key to self-learning
This project is funded by European Union.

2. Maths in Physical Science
• Mathematics is used in Physical Science very
often, for example arithmetic, algebra and
advanced mathematics may be used:
• to calculate the measurements of objects and
their characteristics
• to show the relationship between different
functions and properties.
• to establish values
• to solve simple equations or formulae
• to converse units
• In classical or everyday Physics, normal values are
used to solve equations.

3. Maths in Physical scince - Astronomy
In Astronomy, distances, sizes and masses are
very large that´s why we need special units to
represent these large values.
In Atomic Physics, although quantities may be
large, sizes and masses are very small so we
need other special units to represent these tiny
values.
Maths in Physical science:
Atomic physics

4. Math in Chemistry
Mathematics is used widely in chemistry as well as all other
sciences. Mathematical calculations are absolutely necessary
to explore important concepts in chemistry. Without some
basic mathematics skills, these calculations, and therefore
chemistry itself, will be extremely difficult. However, with a
basic knowledge of some of the mathematics that will be
used in your chemistry course, you will be well prepared to
deal with the concepts and theories of chemistry.
The first two chapters explain basic mathematics. The last
chapter explores more complex mathematical methods and
concepts that may be of interest to students who are
comfortable with the material in the previous sections. It is
suggested that even if you are comfortable with a section,
that you work through the course material in order.

5. Maths in Physical Science
Mathematics is used in Physical Science for
measurements and to show relationships.
Arithmetic consists of simple operations with
numbers, and algebra shows relationships, often
without numbers. Higher math is used for
complex relationships between properties.

6. Fields of Math used in Science
• Arithmetic consists of simple operations with
numbers and values.
• Algebra is used to show relationships before
the measured numbers are used for
calculations.
• Higher math is used for complex relationships
between properties.

7. Arithmetic conventions
In using Arithmetic, we can add, subtract,
multiply and divide numbers. We also use
fractions and decimals.
• Addition and subtraction
• Multiplication and division
• Order listed
• Use of parentheses
• Fractions and decimals

8. Relationships in Algebra
Algebra uses letters to denote a relationship between
characteristics. Usually, they are just abbreviations for
the characteristic. For example, energy is denoted
by E and velocity by v.
Newton came up with the relationship between force,
mass and acceleration. His equation says that force
equals the mass of an object times its acceleration. To
avoid writing out this sentence, we use the
symbols F for force, m for mass and a for acceleration.
Thus, the equation can be written: F = ma.
This allows us to substitute values for two items and
get a value for the third. If m = 3 kilograms and a = 2
meters per second per second, F = 3 * 2 = 6 newtons.

9. Subscripts in Algebra
• Sometimes you are comparing two or more items
with the same characteristic. In such cases, a
subscript number or letter can be added to keep
things separate. A subscript is a small number or
letter after and below the variable.
• If you are comparing several forces, you can
name one F1, another F2 and so on. Also, we call
the force of friction Fr to separate it from another
force.

10. Advanced mathematics
• Calculus, differential equations and other
advanced mathematics are used in advanced
Physical Science calculations and equations.
• One example of where and why advanced
mathematics must be used can be seen in the
simple gravity equations. F = m*g is the equation
for the force of gravity. But that equation is only
an approximation for items falling close to Earth.
The actual equation varies inversely as the square
of the distance apart and is related to the masses
of the bodies.

11. Importance of equations, Algebra,
Arithmetic, Calculus
You can study the facts of science with little or no
math. However, in many areas of science (Physics,
Astronomy, and Chemistry) equations are used to
make calculations. In such cases, you need some
knowledge or Algebra and Arithmetic to work
with the equations and make the calculations.
Advanced science subjects may require
knowledge of advanced math, such as Calculus.

12. Importance of Math for university
students
University lecturers are frustrated that students are
enrolling in high-level mathematics, science and
engineering degrees significantly unprepared because they
have not studied math or science.
A student in Australia could undertake a degree in medical
science, engineering or even actuarial studies at the state's
top universities without having studied any science or math
since junior high school.
Students are having great difficulty completing first-year
university subjects because they had not learnt Math.
There should be prerequisites for some courses . It is
''unrealistic'' to expect a student to cope in an engineering
course with no background in sophisticated mathematics.

13. Suggestions for improving the situation
Some lecturers of Mathematical Sciences would like to
make math a compulsory component of entry or even of
high school exams. But, in the current competitive
environment that universities and high schools find
themselves in, it's quite difficult to do in practice.
Even for students of Psychology is important knowledge of
Math as they must take a statistics class. Biopsychology is
100 per cent science.
But other university professors think that a student who
have a genuine love of making things, solving problems and
making a difference in the world should do engineering.
You can always make the math up.

14. Math topics used in Science
- Units (Physics, Chemistry)
- Stars (Physics – Astronomy)
- Temperature (Physics)
- Movement (Physics)
- Maps (Geography)
- Animals and Humans (Biology)
- Climate Change (Geography, Ecology)
- Density (Chemistry)
- Gravity (Physics, Astronomy)
- Time (Physics)
- Expansion due to Heat (Physics, Chemistry)
- Family (Social studies, Budget)

15. Sources
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_sci
ence
• http://www.school-for-
champions.com/science/math.htm#.Vrh9aBj
hDcs
• https://www.shodor.org/unchem/math/