4. To determine
the level of
availability of
nutrients
To predict the
fertility of the
soil
To evaluate the
status of each
nutrient element
5. 13 elements that being analyzed
in soil laboratory
Potassium(K)
Magnesium
(Mg)
Sodiu
m (Na) pH
Calcium
(Ca)
Moistur
e
Available phosphorus(Ap)
Ferum
(Fe)
Zinc
(Zn)
Total phosphorus(Tp)
Copper
(Cu)
Nitrogen
(N)
Cation
exchange
capacity
(CEC)
6. 1. Sampling/preparation
2. Determine the pH
3. Determine the moisture sample
4. Leaching & Cation Exchange
Capacity(CEC)
5. Total phosphorus
6. Available phosphorus
7. Total nitrogen,organic carbon & sulphur
8. Mechanical analysis
9. Trace element analysis
8. Registration
• The soil samples
received.
• The quantity of
samples were
checked.
• The soil samples
were registered and
put on the labelled
box to dry it out.
9. Drying
• After being registered, the soil
samples were dried out at a well air-
ventilation.
11. Weighing
Trace element:
10 g of sample
(100 mL
plastic vial)
pH:
20 g of sample
(100 mL
plastic vial)
Moisture:
10 g of sample
(petri dish)
Available P:
2 g of sample
(50 mL plastic
vial)
Total P:
1 g of sample
(digestion
tube)
Bases:
10 g of sample
(50 mL plastic
vial)
Mechanical
analysis:
10 g of sample
& 6 g sodium
hemametaphos
phate
12. Analyzing-total phosphorus(TP)
Preparation of standard (KH2PO4):
• How to prepare 1000ppm?
1) 10 g of KH2PO4 was put into an oven at
105°C and left overnight.
2) KH2PO4 was cooled down in dessicator.
3) Weighing(to prepare 1000ppm in 1 L
volumetric flask) .
13. • Atomic weight of KH2PO4=30.9738
• Molecular weight of KH2PO4=136.09g/mol
• 30.9738 =136.09
• 1 =(1/30.9738)x136.09
=14.3937 g (1000 ppm)
• From 1000 ppm is diluted to 100 ppm & from
100 ppm is diluted to 10 ppm
• From 10 ppm are diluted to 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8
& 1.0 ppm in 100 mL volumetric flask:
• M1V1 = M2V2
• (10)V1 = (1.0)(100) = 10 mL
14. Preparation of reagents:
a) Digestion mixture:
Add to known volume of 60% perchloric acid an equal
volume concentrated sulphuric acid. Cool the mixture
to room temperature.
b) Reagent A:
Dissolve 12 g ammonium molybdate in water and add
148 mL conc. Sulphuric acid (H2SO4).
Dissolve 0.2908 g potassium antimony in water and
add to the above solution.
c) Reagent B:
Dissolve 1.32 g ascorbic acid to every 250 mL reagent
A used.
• Ammonium molybdate and potassium antimony react
in acid medium with othophosphate to form a
heteropoly acid (phosphomolybdic acid) that is reduced
to in tensely colored molybdanum blue by ascorbic
acid.
15. 1 g of sample was
weighed
The samples were
digested
6 mL of HClO4 +
H2SO4 was
The sample was
transferred into a
digestion tube
Procedures
16. Distilled water was
added
The sample
solution was
shook
The tube was mark up
with distilled water
The samples were
filtrated
17. Distilled water was
added
8 mL reagent B
was added
The samples were run
by UV-VIS
spectrometer
Mark up with
distilled water
18. y = 0.248x + 0.543
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Absorbance
Concentration (ppm)
Linear regression of standard
P
19. • y = mx+ c
• y = 0.248x +
0.543
• X = (y-c)/m
• Eg: BLK TP
• X = (0.5373-
0.543)/0.248
• X = -0.02298
1st dilution = 100/1 =100
2nd dilution = 50/5 = 5
3rd dilution = 1
Concentration of TP = concentration(ppm) x 1st dilut. X 2nd dilut. X 3rd
dilut.
= -0.023 x 100 x 10 x 1
= -23
20. • Soil analysis is very important in
order to determine whether the soil
is in well condition which is in a
very good fertility for plantation.
• From this analysis, element
consists by soil can be identify and
future planning can be well plan.
![Weeks Report
Week 1 - 2 : Fertilizer analysis [compound – CHB, baja
kilang – R3Z, AJIB CRF, R1(WSP), R4, BOE
analysis]
: Particles size, moisture
: Washing
Week 3 - 5 : Soil analysis [soil registration, sample
preparation, bases, pH, total P, available P,
dry moisture, trace element, preparation of
standard & reagents, UV-VIS spectrometry]
: Soil analysis[cation exchange capacity
(CEC), bases, wet moisture, soil sample
preparation, total P, available P, UV-VIS](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)