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By
Dr. Abhishek Srivastava
CORRELATION
• Correlation is a term that is a measure of the
strength of a linear relationship between two
quantitative variables (e.g., height, weight).
• सहसंबंध एक शब्द है जो दो मात्रात्मक चर (जैसे, ऊं चाई, वजन) के बीच एक
रैखिक संबंध की शखि का माप है।
Definition
 Correlation is a LINEAR association between two
random variables.
 सहसंबंध दो यादृखछिक चर के बीच एक रेिीय पारस्पररक संबंध है।
 Correlation analysis show us how to determine both
the nature and strength of relationship between two
variables
 सहसंबंध खवश्लेषण हमें खदिाता है खक दो चर के बीच संबंध की प्रकृखत और शखि
दोनों को कै से खनधााररत खकया जाए
Characteristics
When variables are dependent on time correlation is
applied
जब चर समय सहसंबंध पर खनर्ार होते हैं तो लागू खकया जाता है
Correlation lies between +1 to -1
सहसंबंध +1 से -1 के बीच है
 A zero correlation indicates that there is no
relationship between the variables.
 एक शून्य सहसंबंध इंखगत करता है खक चर के बीच कोई संबंध नहीं है
 +1 का सहसंबंध एक सही सकारात्मक सहसंबंध इंखगत करता है
 A correlation of +1 indicates a perfect positive
correlation.
 A correlation of –1 indicates a perfect negative
correlation
 -1 का सहसंबंध एक पररपूणा नकारात्मक सहसंबंध को इंखगत करता है
-1 to 0 to +1
Range Of Corelation
Types of Correlation
There are three types of correlation
Type-1
 When plotted on a graph it tends to be a perfect line
 जब एक ग्राफ पर प्लॉट खकया जाता है तो यह एक परफेक्ट लाइन बन जाता है
 जब एक ग्राफ पर प्लॉट खकया जाता है तो यह एक सीधी रेिा नहीं होती है
 When plotted on a graph it is not a straight line
Linear Non – linear
Type-2
Positive
zero Negative
Type 3
Simple Multiple Partial
• Karl Pearson Coefficient Correlation of
Method
• Spearman’s Rank Correlation Method
Methods of Studying Correlation
Computation of Rank
Correlation
Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient
ρ can be calculated when
 Actual ranks given
 Ranks are not given but grades are given but not
repeated
 Ranks are not given and grades are given and
repeated
Testing the significance of correlation
coefficient
d
Example
• The scores for nine students in history and algebra
are as follows:
History: 35, 23, 47, 17, 10, 43, 9, 6, 28
Algebra: 30, 33, 45, 23, 8, 49, 12, 4, 31
Compute the Spearman rank correlation.
Solution:
Correlation definition types
Correlation definition types
Correlation definition types

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Correlation definition types

  • 2. • Correlation is a term that is a measure of the strength of a linear relationship between two quantitative variables (e.g., height, weight). • सहसंबंध एक शब्द है जो दो मात्रात्मक चर (जैसे, ऊं चाई, वजन) के बीच एक रैखिक संबंध की शखि का माप है। Definition
  • 3.  Correlation is a LINEAR association between two random variables.  सहसंबंध दो यादृखछिक चर के बीच एक रेिीय पारस्पररक संबंध है।  Correlation analysis show us how to determine both the nature and strength of relationship between two variables  सहसंबंध खवश्लेषण हमें खदिाता है खक दो चर के बीच संबंध की प्रकृखत और शखि दोनों को कै से खनधााररत खकया जाए Characteristics
  • 4. When variables are dependent on time correlation is applied जब चर समय सहसंबंध पर खनर्ार होते हैं तो लागू खकया जाता है Correlation lies between +1 to -1 सहसंबंध +1 से -1 के बीच है
  • 5.  A zero correlation indicates that there is no relationship between the variables.  एक शून्य सहसंबंध इंखगत करता है खक चर के बीच कोई संबंध नहीं है  +1 का सहसंबंध एक सही सकारात्मक सहसंबंध इंखगत करता है  A correlation of +1 indicates a perfect positive correlation.  A correlation of –1 indicates a perfect negative correlation  -1 का सहसंबंध एक पररपूणा नकारात्मक सहसंबंध को इंखगत करता है
  • 6. -1 to 0 to +1 Range Of Corelation
  • 7. Types of Correlation There are three types of correlation
  • 9.  When plotted on a graph it tends to be a perfect line  जब एक ग्राफ पर प्लॉट खकया जाता है तो यह एक परफेक्ट लाइन बन जाता है  जब एक ग्राफ पर प्लॉट खकया जाता है तो यह एक सीधी रेिा नहीं होती है  When plotted on a graph it is not a straight line Linear Non – linear Type-2
  • 12. • Karl Pearson Coefficient Correlation of Method • Spearman’s Rank Correlation Method Methods of Studying Correlation
  • 13. Computation of Rank Correlation Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient ρ can be calculated when  Actual ranks given  Ranks are not given but grades are given but not repeated  Ranks are not given and grades are given and repeated
  • 14. Testing the significance of correlation coefficient d
  • 15. Example • The scores for nine students in history and algebra are as follows: History: 35, 23, 47, 17, 10, 43, 9, 6, 28 Algebra: 30, 33, 45, 23, 8, 49, 12, 4, 31 Compute the Spearman rank correlation.