Baseline kap analysis with spss and interpretation abdulkhaleq alwan v2

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Baseline KAP Analysis (by using SPSS)
and Interpretation
By: Abdulkhaleq ALWAN, WASH Senior Expert
Sana’a, Yemen

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Email: alwan10@gmail.com ; Mob. No: +967-777148875
Content
1. Introduction & General Information;
2. Water Situation Analysis;
3. Sanitation Situation Analysis;
4. Hygiene Situation Analysis;
5. Diarrhea Situation Analysis;
6. Summary of Main Findings and Key Recommendations;
By: Abdulkhaleq ALWAN, WASH Senior Expert 2

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1. Introduction
1. This documents presents a WASH Baseline KAP Survey Analysis by using SSPS Software
and Results Interpretation in an easy-to-read way for WASH Practitioners;
2. Survey Case: Jabal Rass district, Hodaidah Governorate;
3. Sample Size: 320 HHs within 11 Villages
4. Data Collection Means: Manual Questionnaires mastered by a well trained Hygiene
Promotion Team,
5. Data Analysis and Results Interpretation: in depth analysis is done by using SPSS and
results are interpreted and associated with final recommendations

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1. Demographic Information: Proportional Samples per Villages

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1. Demographic Information: Respondents’ Age

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1. Demographic Information: Gender & Martial Status of Respondents

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1. Demographic Information: Household Size (No of HH’s Members)

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1. Demographic Information: U5 Children per Villages
U5 Children = 20% of the total Population
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1. Demographic Information: U5 Children V.S. HHs’ Size. Categories

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2. Drinking Water Situation: Type of Water Sources
W. Source Type
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2. Drinking Water Situation : Safe / Unsafe Water Sources and as per villages
Situation is quite critical in all villages except Robaa AlMahla and Robaa AlSouqe
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2. Water Situation: Water Fetching Time per Trip
Almost 40% of BNFs spend more than 30 min per every
water fetching trip
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2. Water Situation: W. Fetching Time (Detailed) & per Type of W. Source

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2. Water Situation: Daily Quantity Per Household L.HH/day
37% of HHs get a quantity less than sphere standard
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2. Water Situation: Daily Quantity Per Person L.p/day

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2. Water Situation: HH & Individual Daily Water Quantity in Targeted Villages

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2. Water Issues: By Sources and or during the fetching trip

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2. Water Main Issues in Category

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2. Water Situation: Crosstabulation
Q. What are the determinants that impact the daily water quantity in the targeted
villages?
Are they the type of water sources BNFs have?; Are they the water issues retained by
the water sources and or during the water fetching trip?
Is it others like water quality, HHs size…etc?
To know the causes exactly, lets do Crosstabulation between the daily water share and
these factors by using the called “Chi-Square Tests”
The lower the Chi-Square figure is, the more significant relation exists. It is considered
that 0.05 or lower is significant value
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2. Crosstabulation: Daily Water Qyt. V.s. W. Fetching Trip Time
Chi-Square Factor is lower than 0.05 which means
there is a relatively significant relation between
type of water source and daily water quantities

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2. Crosstabulation: Daily Water Qyt. V.s. W. Fetching Trip Time
Chi-Square Factor is much higher than 0.05
which means there is no significant relation
between both variables

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2. Crosstabulation: Daily Water Share * Water Main Issues in Categories
Chi-Square Factor is less than 0.05 which means both
variables are related
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2. Crosstabulation: Daily Water Qyt. with HH Size
Chi-Square Factor is much less than 0.05 which means there is a significant relation between
the water daily quantity per person and HH’s size

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2. Water Quality: Upon People Perception & Type of W. Source

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2. Water Quality: Upon People Perception & Type of W. Source
Chi-Square Factor is much less than 0.05
which means there is a significant relation
between the water quality and type of
water source
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2. Water Quality: Water Quality and Type of Treatment

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2. Crosstabulation: W. Quality * W. Treatment
Chi-Square Factor is less than 0.05 which
means the 2 variables are somewhat
related in the targeted area

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2. Crosstabulation: W. Source * W. Quality * W. Treatment

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2. Crosstabulation: Water Sources * Water Main Issues
Chi-Square Factor is much less than 0.05 when crosstabs
the 2 variables of W. Sources & W. Main Issues which
means the 2 variables are related in the targeted area

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2. Crosstabulation: Water Sources * Water Main Issues

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2. Crosstabulation: Water Sources * Water Main Issues in Categories
Chi-Square Factor is much less than 0.05 when crosstabs the
2 variables of W. Sources & W. Main Issues which means the
2 variables are related in the targeted area

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2. Crosstabulation: Water Sources * Water Main Issues in Categories
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c c
c
c
c c
c
c
c

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2. Crosstabulation: Water Source Category* Water Detailed Issues
Chi-Square Factor is much less than 0.05 which means both variables
are related in the targeted area

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2. Water Situation Crosstabulation: Chi-Square Test
Crosstabulated
Variable 1
Crosstabulating
Variable 2
Chi-Square
Value
Judgment /Comments
(Chi =< 0.05 is Significant. The lower chi value is the
most relation exists)
Daily Water Qyt
with….
Fetching Trip Time 0.9690.9690.9690.969 No relation at all. Seems HHs secure their minimum
needs regardless time
Daily Water Qyt
with….
Water Main Issues
in Categories
0.0130.0130.0130.013 Significant relation with water shortage issue in
particular
Daily Water Qyt
with….
Type of water
source
0.0350.0350.0350.035 Have relatively significant relation
Daily Water Qyt
with….
HH size (No of HH
members)
0.0000.0000.0000.000 Strong relation between both
Type of water
source
Main water issues 0.0000.0000.0000.000 Strong relation between both
Type of water
source
Water Quality 0.0000.0000.0000.000 Strong relation between both although the W.Q
factor is just a perspective of participants
Water Quality Water Treatment 0.0230.0230.0230.023 Somewhat related to each other
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3. Sanitation: Do you have Latrine? Do family members use it?

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3. Sanitation: Latrines per villages & Type of Open defecation

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3. Sanitation: Solid Wastes Disposal Practices

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4. Hygiene: Handwashing at Critical Times

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4. Hygiene: Handwashing Means

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4. Hygiene: Handwashing Means

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4. Hygiene: Handwashing Means (Crosstabulation)
Chi-Square Factor is much less than 0.05 when crosstabs the 2 variables which means both
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4. Hygiene: Handwashing Means (Crosstabulation)

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4. Hygiene: Knowledge on Diarrhea Routs and Prevention

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5. Diarrhea: Among U5 Children during last 2 weeks

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5. Diarrhea: Among Adults during last 2 weeks

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5. Diarrhea: Among U5 Children & Adults during last 2 weeks

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5. Diarrhea: Crosstabulation with Handwashing
Chi-Square Factor is much less than 0.05 when
crosstabs the 2 variables which means both
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5. Diarrhea: Crosstabulation with Water Sources Main Category
the 2 variables which means both variables are related
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5. Diarrhea: Crosstabulation with Water Sources Type
the 2 variables which means the 2 variables are related
in the targeted area
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5. Diarrhea: Crosstabulation with Latrine existence
Chi-Square Factor is much less than 0.05
when crosstabs the 2 variables which
means both variables are related
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5. Diarrhea: Crosstabulation with Latrine Use
Chi-Square Factor is much higher than 0.05 when
crosstabs the 2 variables which means they not
are not related in the targeted area
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5. Diarrhea: Crosstabulation with Open Defecation
Chi-Square Factor is less than 0.05 when
crosstabs the 2 variables which means both
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5. Diarrhea: Crosstabulation with Solid Wastes Disposal
Chi-Square Factor is much higher than 0.05
when crosstabs of 2 variables which means
both variables are not related in the
targeted area
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6. Water Situation : Main Findings Summary
• Only 32323232%%%% of HHs accessaccessaccessaccess protectedprotectedprotectedprotected water sourcessourcessourcessources;
• Almost 40404040%%%% of BNFsBNFsBNFsBNFs spend moremoremoremore than 30303030 minminminmin per a water fetchingfetchingfetchingfetching triptriptriptrip;
• 37373737%%%% ofofofof HHsHHsHHsHHs get a daily water quantity that is lesslesslessless thanthanthanthan the sphere standard
((((105105105105LLLL....HH/day)HH/day)HH/day)HH/day), whereas 25252525%%%% ofofofof individualindividualindividualindividual BNFsBNFsBNFsBNFs get a daily quantity that is lesslesslessless thanthanthanthan the
sphere standard (15151515 LLLL....HH/dayHH/dayHH/dayHH/day);
• 32323232%%%% of HHs suffersuffersuffersuffer from water shortageshortageshortageshortage while 71% suffer a longlonglonglong water fetchingfetchingfetchingfetching triptriptriptrip
(either long queuing time or far distance or both),
• Crosstabulation shows that the dailydailydailydaily waterwaterwaterwater quantityquantityquantityquantity is mainly determined by the waterwaterwaterwater
shortageshortageshortageshortage andandandand HHsHHsHHsHHs sizesizesizesize but has relative relation with type of water source and no
relation with the water fetching time i.e HHs deemed to get their minimum needs
regardless the distance and queuing time,
• PeoplePeoplePeoplePeople thinkthinkthinkthink waterwaterwaterwater qualityqualityqualityquality is goodgoodgoodgood with 77.5%, thus 85% does not treat the drinking
water. Note this variable’s measurement is just upon the participantsparticipantsparticipantsparticipants perspectiveperspectiveperspectiveperspective....
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6. Sanitation & Hygiene Situation: Main Findings Summary
• 69% of HHs do not have latrines, and 12% of those having latrines their families don’t use it,
• The majority of those lacking latrines, do open defecation in the field,
• 88% of HHs dispose the solid wastes unsafely either around houses, 65% wash their hands
before eating, while only 21% and 6% do at 2 and >3 critical times respectively. 8% do not
wash hands at critical times at all,
• 84% do not wash hands after defecation, 86% do not wash hands before cooking out of
which 40% are females,
• Vast majority of women do not wash hands before feeding and or cleaning the bottom of the
babies
• 63% Wash hands by using water only, while no soap was observed by 20 out of 114 HHs said
to use soap when washing their hands
• Vast majority are not using soap because it is expensive
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6. Diarrhea Sickness: Main Findings Summary
• 47% of HHs mention U5 kids got diarrhea within last 2 weeks and 14% (don’t know),
while 30% of HHs mention adults got diarrhea within last 2 weeks ,7% (don’t know),
• 25% of HHs mention both U5 kids and adults got diarrhea within last two weeks,
• Type of water sources and non-availability of latrines show highest relation with diarrhea
sickness, then come handwashing after defecation and before cooking, while no relation
with HW before eating and cleaning the bottom of the babies,
• The majority do not know the main routs and prevention measures of the diarrhea disease;
• Good relation is shown between diarrhea among U5 kids and HW. before feeding babies
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6. Water Situation : Key Recommendation
• Majority of the water resources are recommended to be protected by
rehabilitation; meanwhile construct new water points to decrease the water
fetching trip and increase the people daily water quantity in areas where still
below the sphere standards;
• There is a need to construct new water sources or improve the exist ones in
locations suffering the water shortage;
• HHs with big sizes are in need to be supported with water transportation and
storage containers to increase the daily water share to meet standards;
• Although people state the water quality is good, the crosstabulation proved it is a
main cause for diarrhea thus in addition to protecting water resources, HH water
treatment units like ceramic filters are recommended to be distributed;
• Importance of accessing safe water sources and proper types of water treatment
methods at HH level are recommended to be included among HP Key messages to
be delivered.
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4. Sanitation & Hygiene Situation: Key Recommendations
• The majority need support with HH latrines in the respective villages,
• Support the communities to safely dispose their solid waste through distribution of
HH level waste collection means and simple means to burry and or burn the
collected wastes at community level,
• Open defecation is a key issue, thus strong HP sessions focusing on respective risks
and importance of using and cleaning latrines is recommended,
• Hand washing especially after defecation, before eating, before cooking and when
caring babies are strongly recommended as key messages for the individual and
group HP sessions,
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4. Sanitation & Hygiene Situation: Key Recommendations
• It is observed that soap was widely not exist due to lack of affordability by the local
communities. It is recommended to distribute basic Hygiene kits followed by 2
rounds of consumable H.kits,
• The majority lack the knowledge on the main routs and prevention measures of
diarrhea disease thus intensive HP sessions are recommended on the risks and
harms of diarrhea disease, its main causes and key preventive measures especially at
HH level;
• Interactive and visualized awareness materials and tools are strongly recommended
to ensure strong and effective HP sessions.
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Email: alwan10@gmail.com ; Mob. No: +967-777148875By: Abdulkhaleq ALWAN, WASH Senior Expert
Thanks for your active Participation
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