Nitrozen disorde

1. 1
avb Mv‡Q cywó Dcv`v‡bi AfveRwbZ j¶Y I cÖwZKvi
W. †gvt Avãyj gwR` wgqv
†gvt iwdKzj Bmjvg
D‡b¥ Avwgbyb bvnvi
GwUGg mvLvIqvZ †nv‡mb
dvnwg`v ingvb
†nvmvBb †gvt Lv‡j`
g„wËKv weÁvb wefvM
weª, MvRxcyi 1701
W. †gvt dLi“j Bmjvg
Dw™¢` cywó we‡klÁ, GmGdGdwc
mgwš^Z g„wËKv De©iZv I mvi e¨e¯’vcbv cÖKí (GmGdGdwc, weª Ask)
MvRxcyi 1701

2. 2
Dw™¢‡`i e„w×, cywó I RxebPµ m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ G ch©š— †gvU 16wU cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó
Dcv`vb mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G me cywó Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ Kve©b, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb, Aw·‡Rb,
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm, cUvwkqvg, mvjdvi, K¨vjwmqvg I g¨vM‡bwmqvg AwaK gvÎvq
cÖ‡qvRbxq| Ab¨ 7wU cywó Dcv`vb, †hgb Avqib, g¨v½vwbR, gwje‡Wbvg, Kcvi, †evib,
wRsK I †K¬vwib Aí cwigv‡Y cÖ‡qvRb nq| Dw™¢‡`i cywó Dcv`v‡bi cÖavb Drm n‡jv
gvwU| Kve©b, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I Aw·‡Rb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ mKj cywó Dcv`vb MvQ gvwU †_‡K
MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi wbweo Pvlvev`, mylg gvÎvq mvi e¨envi bv Kiv
I gvwU‡Z ¯^í gvÎvq ˆRe c`v©_ cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j gvwUi cywó Dcv`vb mieiv‡ni ¶gZv
µgvš^‡q n«vm cv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k lv‡Ui `kK †_‡K mvi e¨envi ïi“ n‡jI g~jZ Avwki
`k‡K av‡bi Rwg‡Z mvjdvi I wRs‡Ki Afve †`Lv hvq| beŸB `k‡Ki †kl w`‡K
gvwU‡Z I dm‡j g¨vM‡bwmqvg, †evib I gwje‡Wbv‡gi Afve mbv³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
D”P djbkxj Rv‡Zi wbweo Pvlvev‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb mylg gvÎvq wVK mg‡q mvi
cÖ‡qvM| †Kvb GKwU ev `ywU Dcv`vbhy³ mvi AwaK gvÎvq cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zv GK w`‡K
†hgb dm‡ji cÖZ¨vwkZ dj‡b evav †`q Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb gvwU‡Z D³ cywó Dcv`v‡bi
Avwa‡K¨i Kvi‡Y welv³Zvi m„wó nq| Dw™¢‡` AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`v‡bi ¯^íZvq ev
welv³Zvq mywbw`©ó j¶Y cÖKvk cvq| G me j¶Y †`‡L gvwU‡Z I Dw™¢‡` cÖ‡qvRbxq cywó
Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY wba©viY K‡i gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j cÖZ¨vwkZ djb cvIqv hvq|
Dw™¢` cywó Dcv`vb

3. 3
Qwe 1| cwiwgZ cywó Dcv`vb cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|
Qwe 2| cwiwgZ cywó Dcv`v‡bi Afv‡e avb MvQ|

4. 4
Dw™¢‡`i Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Ab¨Zg| GwU wewfbœ ˆRe
†hŠ‡Mi GKwU Acwinvh© Dcv`vb|
Dw™¢‡` bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mivmwi mv‡jvKms‡k­l‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ|
GwU cvZvi AvKvi, Kzwki msL¨v, wk‡l cyó `vbvi kZKiv nvi I `vbvq †cÖvwU‡bi
cwigvY e„w× K‡i|
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb dm‡j Ab¨vb¨ cywó Dcv`vb, †hgb dmdivm I cUvwkqv‡gi Pvwn`v e„w×
K‡i|
gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v‡_©i cwigvY Kg _vK‡j Ges cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb RvZxq
mvi Kg cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Gi Afve †`Lv hvq|
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvMK…Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mv‡ii wewfbœ ai‡bi AcPq, †hgb wjwPs,
wWbvBwUªwd‡Kkb, †fvjvUvjvB‡Rkb BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y Gi Afve †`Lv hvq|
RjgMœ Rwg, GwmW mvj‡dU I jeYv³ gvwU Ges dmdivm NvUwZhy³ gvwU‡Z
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi wgbvivjvB‡Rkb Kg nq| d‡j G me gvwU‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Afve
†`Lv hvq|
bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

5. 5
Qwe 3| bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi cwiwgZ cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|
Qwe 4| bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Afv‡e avb MvQ|
-N

6. 6
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Afv‡e Mv‡Qi
†Mvovi w`‡K eq¯‹ cvZv Ges
Kv‡Êi meyR Ask njy` n‡q hvq|
Afve Zxeª n‡j cvZv g‡i hvq|
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Afv‡e Mv‡Q Kzwki
msL¨v K‡g hvq, Mv‡Qi e„w× eÜ
n‡q hvq Ges cvZv †QvU n‡q
hvq| Gi Afv‡e mv‡jvKms‡k­lY
nvi K‡g hvq; d‡j Mv‡Q kK©iv
Drcv`b n«vm cvq|
avb Mv‡Q AvMvg cwicK¡Zv
Av‡m, d‡j djb Kg nq|
cÖvwß mv‡c‡¶ Rwg‡Z mwVK
cwigvY ˆRe c`v_© cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
mwVKfv‡e mvi I cvwb
e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvMK…Z
mv‡ii AcPq †iva Kiv|
gvwU cix¶vi wfwˇZ cÖ‡qvRbxq
cwigvY bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi gvwU‡Z
cÖ‡qvM K‡i MvQ‡K bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi
Afve †_‡K i¶v Kiv hvq|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖÖwZKvi

7. 7
Dw™¢‡`i e„w× I ¯^vfvweK RxebPµ m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ dmdiv‡mi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg| Dw™¢`
cÖavbZ A‡_©vdm‡dU (H2PO4
-
) iƒ‡c GwU MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Z‡e †m‡KÛvwi
A‡_©vdm‡dU (HPO4
=
) iƒ‡cI GwU M„nxZ n‡Z cv‡i| Dw™¢‡`i g‡a¨ dmdivm GKwU
Pjgvb Dcv`vb| Mv‡Qi cÖv_wgK e„w× ch©v‡q GwU AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
dmdivm GwUwc, wbDwK¬IUvBWm, wbDwK¬K GwmW Ges dm‡dvwjwc‡Wi GKwU
Acwinvh© Dcv`vb hv mv‡jvKms‡k­lY, †Kvl wefvRb I †Kvl ewa©ZKi‡Y
(Enlargement) M~i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
Dw™¢‡`i cÖv_wgK wkKo Drcv`b I e„w×, Kzwk Drcv`b, AvMvg dzj Drcv`b I dmj
cvKvi KvR‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|
wewfbœ ai‡bi `vbv`vi k‡m¨i ¸YMZ gvb e„w× K‡i|
exR Drcv`‡bi †¶‡Î GwU gyL¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
dmdivm
dmdiv†mi KvR

8. 8
gvwU‡Z dmdivm cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvY cÖ‡qvRbxq gvÎv †_‡K Kg n‡j|
gvwU‡Z dmdivm wd‡·k‡bi cwigvY †ewk n‡j|
gvwU‡Z AvvbycvwZK nv‡i †ewk cwigvY bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡jI Gi Afve
†`Lv hvq|
gvwU‡Z dm‡ji NbZ¡ †ewk n‡j I Mv‡Qi g~‡ji MfxiZv K‡g †M‡jI A‡bK mgq
dmdiv‡mi NvUwZ †`Lv hvq|
A¤­, K¨vj‡Kwiqvm, ¶vixq I wcU gvwU‡Z mvaviYZ dmdiv‡mi Afve †`Lv hvq|
Afv‡ei KviY

9. 9
Qwe 5| dmdiv‡mi cwiwgZ cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|
Qwe 6| dmdiv‡mi Afv†e avb MvQ|
-P

10. 10
mxwgZ msL¨K Kzwk, mi“ cvZv Ges
Mvp meyR e‡Y©i Lv‡Uv MvQ
dmdiv‡mi cÖavb AfveRwbZ
j¶Y|
KvÊ wPKb I my‡Pi g‡Zv nq Ges
Mv‡Qi e„w× eÜ n‡q hvq|
cwicK¡Zv `xN©vwqZ nq Ges
gvivZœ¡K Afv‡e A‡bK mgq Mv‡Q
G‡Kev‡iB dzj Av‡m bv|
wk‡l cyó `vbvi msL¨v K‡g hvq|
gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v_© cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡gI Gi Afve A‡bKvs‡k
c~iY Kiv m¤¢e|
gvwU cix¶vi wfwˇZ cÖ‡qvRbxq
cwigvY dmdivm mvi gvwU‡Z
cÖ‡qvM K‡i MvQ‡K Gi Afve
†_‡K i¶v Kiv hvq|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

11. 11
cUvwkqvg Mv‡Qi Ab¨Zg AZ¨vek¨Kxq cywó Dcv`vb| GwU GKgvÎ GK †hvRx K¨vUvqb hv
cÖK…wZ‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq|
†Kvlxq GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w×, wcGBP wbqš¿Y, A¨vbvqb-K¨vUvqb mgZv i¶v,
cÎiܪ KZ©„K cÖ‡¯^`b wbqš¿Y Ges mv‡jvKms‡k­l‡Yi gva¨‡g Drcvw`Z Dcv`v‡bi
cwienb Kiv cUvwkqv‡gi cÖavb KvR|
av‡bi Qovq cyó `vbvi msL¨v e„w× Ges `vbvi IRb evovq|
Mv‡Qi `„pZv e„w× K‡i wewfbœ cÖwZK~j cwi‡ek, †hgb ¶iv, VvÊv, †ivMevjvB BZ¨vw`
mn¨ ¶gZv evovq|
gvwU‡Z cUvwkqvg cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvY cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Kg n‡j|
dm‡ji Aewkóvsk gvwU †_‡K m¤ú~Y©i~‡c Acmvi‡Yi d‡j|
†e‡j gvwU‡Z Pyqv‡bvRwbZ AcPq †ewk n‡jI Afve †`Lv hvq|
cUvwkqvg
Afv‡ei KviY
cUvwmqv‡gi KvR

12. 12
Qwe 7| cUvwkqv‡gi cwiwgZ cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|
Qwe 8| cUvwkqv‡gi Afv‡e avb MvQ|

13. 13
Mv‡Qi †Mvovi cvZvq ev`vwg `vM
(Brown spot) †`Lv hvq|
cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vq cvZvi AvMvi
w`K nj‡`‡U Kgjv iO aviY
K‡i| c‡i G weeY© iO Av‡¯—
Av‡¯— cvZvi †Mvovi w`‡K Qwo‡q
c‡o d‡j cvZv g‡i ev kywK‡q
hvq|
Mv‡Q †ivM I †cvKvgvK‡oi
AvµgY †ewk †`Lv hvq|
wk‡l A‡bK mgq AwbqwgZfv‡e
†b‡µvwUK `vM †`Lv hvq Ges
wPUvi nvi †e‡o hvq|
avb MvQ †n‡j c‡o|
km¨ KZ©‡bi ci dm‡ji Aewkóvsk
gvwU‡Z wgwk‡q w`‡Z n‡e|
cwigvY g‡Zv cUvwkqvg mvi gvwU‡Z
cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e|
gvwU e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g
Pzqv‡bvRwbZ AcPq †iva I wkK‡oi
e„wׇK Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i cUvwkqv‡gi
MÖnY ¶gZv e„w×i gva¨‡g Afve
A‡bKvs‡k Kgv‡bv m¤¢e|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖÖwZKvi

14. 14
Dw™¢` gvwU †_‡K mvjdvi cÖavbZ mvj‡dU iƒ‡c (SO4
=
) MÖnY K‡i Ges Dw™¢` †`‡n
wmmwUb, wmm‡UBb I wgw_Iwbb AvgvB‡bv GwmW MVb K‡i|
mvjdvi AZ¨vek¨Kxq AvgvB‡bv Gwm‡Wi Dcv`vb; ZvB GwU †cÖvwUb ms‡k­l‡Y gy~L¨
fywgKv cvjb K‡i|
GwU Dw™¢‡`i †Kv-GbRvBg ÕGÕ, ni‡gvb (ev‡qvwUb I _vqvwgb) I wecvK wµqvq
Ae`vb iv‡L|
mvjdvi †d‡ivWw·‡bi mv‡_ mshy³ hv mv‡jvKms‡k­lY, bwWD‡j bvB‡Uªv‡Rb ms‡k­lY
I gvB‡UvKwʪqv‡Z B‡jKUªb en‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
Dw™¢‡`i wewfbœ As‡k kK©iv I wPwb ¯’vbvš—i Ges †Zj RvZxq k‡m¨i ¸YMZ gvb
wbqš¿Y K‡i |
gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v‡_©i cwigvY K‡g †M‡j|
Rwg‡Z `xN©w`b mvjdvi RvZxq mvi e¨envi bv Ki‡j gvwU‡Z mvjdv‡ii Afve †`Lv
hvq|
me mgq cvwb R‡g _v‡K Ggb gvwU‡ZB cÖavbZ mvjdv‡ii Afve †`Lv hvq|
†e‡j, Avqib A·vBW mg„× gvwU I A¨v‡jv‡dbhy³ gvwU, †hgb GwÛm‡j mvaviYZ
mvjdv‡ii Afve †`Lv hvq|
mvjdvi
mvjdv‡ii KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

15. 15
Qwe 9| mvjdv‡ii cwiwgZ cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|
Qwe 10| mvjdv‡ii Afv‡e avb MvQ|
-S

16. 16
mvjdv‡ii AfveRwbZ j¶Y
bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©; Z‡e
cv_©K¨ n‡jv bvB‡Uªv‡R‡bi Afv‡e
cÖ_‡g Mv‡Qi cyivZb cvZv njy` n‡q
hvq Ges mvjdv‡ii Afv‡e Mv‡Qi
bZzb MRv‡bv cvZv njy` nq|
avb Mv‡Qi D”PZv, Kzwki msL¨v,
wk‡li AvKvi Lv‡Uv Ges cÖwZ wk‡l
`vbvi msL¨v K‡g hvIqvmn Rwgi avb
mvaviYZ 1-2 mßvn c‡i cv‡K|
exRZjvq Gi Afve n‡j Pviv njy`
n‡q hvq Ges †ivc‡Yi ci Pviv gviv
hvq|
Rjve× Rwg †_‡K cvwb †ei K‡i
w`‡q Rwg‡K mvgwqKfv‡e fvj K‡i
kywK‡q †`Iqv|
gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v_© cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡gI Afve A‡bKvs‡k `~i Kiv
hvq|
gvwU cix¶vi wfwˇZ mylg gvÎvq
mvi e¨envi Kiv|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

17. 17
`¯—v Dw™¢‡`i GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq †MŠY cywó Dcv`vb| Dw™¢` †`‡n mvaviYZ 20 wcwcGg-Gi
Kg `¯—v _vK‡j Gi AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖKvk cvq| Av‡M Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gvwU‡Z Gi
mgm¨v bv _vK‡jI eZ©gv‡b A‡bK RvqMvq Gi Afve j¶¨ Kiv hvq|
Dw™¢` †`‡n mvB‡Uv†µvg I wbDwK¬IUvBW ms‡k­l‡Y ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
GwU g~jZ wewfbœ GbRvB‡gi Dcv`vb hv Dw™¢‡`i wecvK wµqvq Ae`vb iv‡L|
GwU Dw™¢` †`‡n bvB‡Uªv‡Rb cwicv‡K mnvqZv K‡i|
GwU †K¬v‡ivwdj Drcv`b I †Kvl †gg‡eª‡bi `„pZv e„w× K‡i|
Dw™¢` †`‡n cvwb cwi‡kvl‡Y mnvqZv K‡i|
g„wËKv `ªe‡Y `¯—vi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j Afve †`Lv hvq|
hw` †Kvb Kvi‡Y gvwUi wcGBP gvb 7-Gi Dc‡i P‡j hvq Z‡e cÖwZ GKK wcGBP
gvb evovi mv‡_ mv‡_ `¯—vi mnRcÖvc¨Zv wظY K‡g hvq|
mvaviYZ †e‡j, jeYv³, wcU, K¨vj‡Kwiqvm I Rjve× gvwU‡Z Gi Afve †`Lv hvq|
gvwU‡Z K¨vjwmqvg I g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi AbycvZ 1-Gi †ewk Ges g„wËKv `ªe‡Y Avqib,
Kcvi, g¨v½vwbR I dmdiv‡mi cwigvY †ewk _vK‡j Gi mnRcÖvc¨Zv n«vm cvq|
`¯—v
`¯—vi KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

18. 18
Qwe 11| `¯—vi cwiwgZ cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|
Qwe 12| `¯—vi Afv‡e avb MvQ|

19. 19
Pviv †ivc‡Yi 2-4 mßvn c‡i avb
Mv‡Q `¯—vi Afve †`Lv hvq Ges †m
†¶‡Î KwP cvZvi †Mvov mv`v n‡q
hvq|
cyivZb cvZv gi‡P cov ev`vwg
†_‡K nj‡` Kgjv †jeyi g‡Zv iO
aviY K‡i|
cvZvi AvKvi †QvU I mi“ nq|
Mv‡Qi e„w× mylg nq bv| gv‡Vi
g‡a¨ ¯’v‡b ¯’v‡b D”PZvi wfbœZv
†`‡L g‡b nq MvQ¸‡jv gv‡S gv‡S
e‡m †M‡Q|
Mv‡Q †ivMevjvB‡qi cÖ‡Kvc †ewk
†`Lv hvq|
gvwUi wcGBP gvb wbqš¿Y I
Rjve× gvwU mvgwqKfv‡e kywK‡q
`¯—vi Afve A‡bKvs‡k Kgv‡bv
m¤¢e|
exRZjvq wRsK mvj‡dU †¯cÖi
gva¨‡gI Afve `~i Kiv hvq|
Aby‡gvw`Z nv‡i `¯—v mvi cÖ‡qvM
Kiv|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

20. 20
K¨vjwmqvg Dw™¢` †Kvl cÖvPx‡ii GKwU AwZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
†Kvl wefvR‡b MvQ‡K mnvqZv K‡i|
avb RvZxq k‡m¨i KvÊ k³ K‡i MvQ‡K †n‡j cov †_‡K i¶v K‡i|
ex‡Ri MyYMZ gvb e„w× K‡i Ges `vbv RvZxq k‡m¨ `vbv Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
Mv‡Q bvB‡Uªv‡Rb cwi‡kvl‡Yi nvi evovq|
AwaK cwigvY bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wKsev cUvk RvZxq mvi gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j G¨v‡gvwbqvg
I K¨vjwmqvg ev cUvwkqvg I K¨vjwmqv‡gi AbycvZ †e‡o hvq Ges gvwU‡Z
K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afve †`Lv hvq|
¶vixq gvwU‡Z AwaK gvÎvq dmdivm mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j Zv K¨vjwmqvg dm‡dU †hŠM
MVb K‡i Ges K¨vjwmqv‡gi mnRjf¨Zv K‡g hvq|
mvaviYZ GwmW I GwmW mvj‡dU gvwU‡Z K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afve †`Lv hvq|
K¨vjwmqv
K¨vjwmqv‡gi KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

21. 21
Qwe 14| K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afv‡e avb MvQ|
Qwe 13| K¨vjwmqv‡gi cwiwgZ cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|

22. 22
gvwU‡Z K¨vjwmqv‡gi Afve ZxeªZi
n‡jB †Kej Mv‡Q j¶Y cÖKvk cvq|
bZzb MRv‡bv cvZvi kxl©‡`k mv`v
n‡q KzuK‡o hvq|
cyivZb cvZv ev`vwg iO aviY K‡i
gviv hvq|
Afve Zxeª n‡j MvQ Lv‡Uv n‡q hvq
Ges Mv‡Qi ewa©Âzz Ask g‡i hvq|
K¨vjwmqv‡gi Drm wn‡m‡e GmGmwc
I wUGmwc mvi cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
Rwg‡Z wRcmvg cÖ‡qvM K‡i Gi
Afve c~iY Kiv hvq|
D”P wcGBP m¤úbœ gvwU‡Z wRcmvg
cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g K¨vjwmqv‡gi
mnRjf¨Zv e„w× K‡i Afve `~i Kiv
hvq|
A¤­xq gvwU‡Z Pzb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g
wcGBP e„w× K‡i Gi Afve `~i
Kiv hvq|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

23. 23
Dw™¢` gvwU †_‡K g¨vM‡bwmqvg mvaviYZ Mg+2
wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Dw™¢` gvwU
†_‡K wK cwigvY g¨vM‡bwmqvg †kvlY Ki‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i g„wËKv `ªe‡Y g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi
Dcw¯’wZ, gvwUi wcGBP, g„wËKv `ªe‡Y g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi m¤ú„³Zvi cwigvY, wewbgq‡hvM¨
Avq‡bi Dcw¯’wZ I K`©g cªK…wZi Dci|
g¨vM‡bwmqvg †K¬v‡ivwd‡ji MvVwbK Dcv`vb hv mv‡jvKms‡k­lY I †cÖvwUb ms‡k­l‡Y
MvQ‡K mnvqZv K‡i|
g¨vM‡bwmqvg GwUwc MV‡b f~wgKv iv‡L Ges GbRvB‡gi Kvh©KvwiZv e„w× K‡i|
GwU Dw™¢` †Kv‡li wcGBP, K¨vUvqb I A¨vbvq‡bi mgZv i¶v K‡i|
A¤­xq gvwU hvi K¨vUvqb wewbgq ¶gZv Kg|
†gvUv eyb‡Ui †e‡j gvwU †hLv‡b Pzqv‡bvi Kvi‡Y AwaK cywó Dcv`v‡bi AcPq nq|
cyivZb GwmW mvj‡dU gvwU †hLv‡b ¶vixq Dcv`v‡bi Afve _v‡K|
g¨vM‡bwmqvg NvUwZhy³ gvwU‡Z AwaK gvÎvq cUvwkqvg mvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j|
gvwU‡Z wewbgq‡hvM¨ cUvwkqvg I g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi AbycvZ 1-Gi Kg n‡j|
g¨vM‡bwmqv
g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

24. 24
Qwe 16| g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi Afv‡e avb MvQ|
Qwe 15| g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi cwiwgZ cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|

25. 25
g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi AfveRwbZ j¶Y avb
Mv‡Qi wb‡Pi w`‡Ki eq¯‹ cvZvq
cÖ_g †`Lv hvq Ges cvZvi
Abywkiv‡Z †K¬v‡ivwm‡mi my¯úó j¶Y
†`Lv hvq hw`I cÖavb wkiv¸‡jv meyR
_v‡K|
g¨vM‡bwmqv‡gi Afve cÖKU n‡j
cÎKjv d¨vKv‡k njy` e‡Y©i nq c‡i
ev`vwg iO aviY K‡i c‡P hvq|
wk‡l `vbvi msL¨v I IRb K‡g hvq
Ges MyYMZ gvb n«vm cvq|
km¨ msMÖ‡ni ci dm‡ji Aewkóvsk
gvwU‡Z †hvM Kiv|
ˆRe c_v_© †hvM I cwiwgZ †m‡Pi
gva¨‡g Pz‡qv‡bvRwbZ AcPq †iva
K‡i Gi Afve `~i Kiv hvq|
Afve Zxeª n‡j Aby‡gvw`Z gvÎvq
g¨vM‡bwmqvg mvi gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM ev
cvZvq †¯cÖ Kiv|
A¤­xq gvwU‡Z W‡jvgvBU cÖ‡qvM
Kiv|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

26. 26
Ab¨vb¨ cywó Dcv`v‡bi g‡ZvB Avqib ¸i“Z¡c~Y©; Z‡e Mv‡Qi Rb¨ GwU Lye Kg cwigv‡Y
`iKvi nq|
†K¬v‡ivwdj Drcv`‡b Avqib cÖfveK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
GwU k‡m¨i e„w×, djb Ges ¸Yv¸Y e„wׇZ Zvrch©c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L|
†cÖvwUb ms‡k­lY Ges wecvK wµqvq Avqib MvQ‡K mnvqZv K‡i|
Mv‡Qi KwP ewa©Âzz As‡ki Rb¨ Acwinvh© Ges cUvwkqvg MÖn‡Y GwU MvQ‡K mnvqZv
K‡i|
mvaviYZ DuPz Rwg‡Z Avqi‡bi Afve †ewk j¶¨ Kiv qvq|
gvwU‡Z `ªexf~Z Avqi‡bi cwigvY Kg n‡j|
Rjve× gvwU‡Z weRviY Kg nIqvq Afve †`Lv hvq|
¶vixq I K¨vj‡Kwiqvm gvwUi wcGBP gvb †ewk n‡j|
gvwU‡Z dmdivm I Avqi‡bi AbycvZ †ewk n‡j|
gvwU‡Z g¨v½vwbR, Kcvi, `¯—v, gwje‡Wbvg I G¨vjywgwbqv‡gi cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j
Avqi‡bi Afve Abyf~Z nq|
Avqib
Avqi‡bi KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

27. 27
Qwe 15| Avqi‡bi Afv‡e avb MvQ|
Avqi‡bi AfveRwbZ j¶Y Mv‡Qi
bZzb cvZvq cÖ_g cÖKvk cvq|
cvZvq †K¬v‡ivwUK `vM †`Lv hvq Ges
Av‡¯— Av‡¯— mg¯— cvZv mv`v n‡q
hvq|
Afve Zxeª n‡j Mv‡Qi cvZv mi“ I
MvQ Lv‡Uv n‡q hvq|
BDwiqv mv‡ii cwie‡Z©
G¨v‡gvwbqvg mvj‡dU mvi e¨envi
Kiv|
Avqib mg„× mvi †hgb †divm
mvj‡dU gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM ev kZKiv
2-3 fvM nv‡i cvZvq †¯cÖ Kiv|
gvwU‡Z ch©vß ˆRe c`v_© cÖ‡qvM
Kiv|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

28. 28
g¨v½vwbR Dw™¢‡`i GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq †MŠY cywó Dcv`vb | mvaviYZ g„wËKv `ªe‡Yi wcGBP
gvb Kg _vK‡j G cywó Dcv`vbwU Mv‡Qi Rb¨ mnRjf¨ nq|
g¨v½vwbR †K¬v‡ivwdj MV‡b gyL¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
Dw™¢‡`i RviY-weRviY cÖwµqvq cÖfveK Ges GbRvB‡gi DÏxcK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Dw™¢‡` †cÖvwUb ms‡k­l‡Y mnvqZv K‡i|
Kve©b I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb e¨env‡i MvQ‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i|
mvaviYZ DuPz avwb Rwgi gvwU‡Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ g¨v½vwb‡Ri cwigvY Kg n‡j|
A¤­xq gvwU‡Z AwZwi³ Pzb †hvM Ki‡j g¨v½vwb‡Ri RwUj †hŠM MVb K‡i d‡j
mnRjf¨Zv K‡g hvq|
gvwU‡Z Avqib, K¨vjwmqvg, g¨vM‡bwmqvg, `¯—v I G¨v‡gvwbqv‡gi cwigvY †e‡o †M‡j
Afve †`Lv hvq|
g¨v½vwb
g¨v½vwb‡Ri KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

29. 29
Qwe 18| g¨v½vwb‡Ri Afv‡e avb MvQ|
KwP cvZv mi“ I Lv‡Uv nq Ges
nvjKv meyR iO aviY K‡i|
Mv‡Q Kzwki msL¨v ¯^vfvweK n‡jI
Mv‡Qi e„w× K‡g hvq|
cvZvi Avš—twkiv ¯’v‡b †K¬v‡ivwmm
†`Lv hvq Ges †K¬v‡ivwUK j¤^v `vM
cvZvi AvMv †_‡K †Mvov ch©š— we¯—
vi jvf K‡i|
AfveRwbZ Mv‡Q Avqi‡bi AvwaK¨
†`Lv hvq Ges †eªvwÄs j¶Y cÖKvk
cvq|
Avµvš— MvQ ev`vwg `vM †iv‡Mi cÖwZ
ms‡e`bkxj|
LvgviRvZ mvi ev Lo gvwU‡Z
cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Afve `~i Kiv
hvq|
Aby‡gvw`Z g¨v½vwbR mg„× mvi,
†hgb g¨v½vwbR mvj‡dU gvwU‡Z
cÖ‡qvM wKsev cvZvq †¯cÖ Kiv|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

30. 30
avb Mv‡Q Kcv‡ii mÂvjb AvswkKfv‡e cvZvi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb Ae¯’vi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
Kcvi †Kvl cÖvPx‡ii wjMwbb ms‡k­l‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L|
GwU GmKiweK GwmW, GbRvBg Aw·‡Wm, †d‡bv‡jR I c­v‡÷vmvqvwb‡bi MVb
Dcv`vb|
Kcvi bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, †cÖvwUb, ni‡gvb wecvK, mv‡jvKms‡k­lY I k¦m‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
GwU civM‡iYy ˆZwi I wbwl³Ki‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L|
gvwU‡Z mnRjf¨ Kcv‡ii cwigvY K‡g †M‡j|
ˆRe c`v‡_© wnDwgK I dvjwfK Gwm‡Wi Kvi‡Y Kcvi AvU‡K _vK‡j|
Rwg‡Z bvB‡Uªv‡Rb, dmdivm I cUvk cÖ‡qv‡Mi cwigvY cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †ewk
n‡j|
A¤­ gvwU‡Z AwZwi³ Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j|
gvwU‡Z `¯—vi cwigvY †ewk n‡j Kcvi MÖn‡Yi nvi K‡g hvIqvq Afve †`Lv hvq|
Kcvi
Kcv‡ii KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

31. 31
Qwe 19| Kcv‡ii cwiwgZ cÖ‡qv‡M avb MvQ|
Qwe 20| Kcv‡ii Afv‡e avb MvQ|

32. 32
KwP cvZv my‡Pi AvKvi aviY K‡i,
avb MvQ †SvcvK…wZi nq Ges `vbv
cyó nq bv|
KwP cvZvi kxl© †K¬v‡ivwUK nq Ges
†k‡l Mvp ev`vwg †b‡µvwUK `vM
ˆZwi nq|
Pviv †ivc‡Yi Av‡M wkKo kZKiv
1 fvM Kcvi mvj‡dU `ªe‡Y
Wywe‡q †kvab Kiv|
Kcv‡ii Afve †`Lv †M‡j cÖwZ
†n±‡i 1-3 †KwR Kcvi mvj‡dU
gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
av‡bi Kzwk MRv‡bv ev KvBP †_vo
ch©v‡q Kcvi †¯cÖ Kiv|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

33. 33
gvwUi AavZz †MŠY cywó Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ †evib Ab¨Zg| GwU GKwU Pjbnxb cywó Dcv`vb;
ZvB avb Mv‡Q Gi AfveRwbZ j¶Y mvavYiZ KwP cvZvq †`Lv hvq|
†evib Dw™¢‡`i Kv‡e©vnvB‡WªU mÂvjb Ges wea©Âz As‡k wWGbG ms‡k­l‡Y f~wgKv
iv‡L|
GwU Dw™¢‡`i †Kvl wefvRb I Dbœqb, bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wecvK, civM‡iYyi mRxeZv e„w× I
k¦mb cÖwµqvq mvnvh¨ K‡i|
gvwU‡Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ †evi‡bi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j|
gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v_©, K`©g LwbR I †m·yB A·vBW cÖf„wZi m‡½ †evib mshy³ Ae¯’vq
_vK‡j|
Livi Kvi‡Y †evi‡bi weRviY NU‡j|
gvwU‡Z AwZwi³ Pzb cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j|
†evi‡bi KvR
Afv‡ei KviY
‡evib

34. 34
Qwe 21| †evi‡bi Afv‡e avb MvQ|
†evi‡bi Afv‡e Mv‡Qi D”PZv
n«vm cvq, KwP cvZvi AMÖfvM
mv`v n‡q hvq|
Afve Zxeª n‡j Mv‡Qi WMv g‡i
hvq|
av‡bi KuvBP †_vo ch©v‡q
†evi‡bi Afve †`Lv ‡M‡j avb
Mv‡Q wkl MwVZ nq bv|
Pviv jvMv‡bvi Av‡M †evib mvi
cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
Mv‡Q †¯cÖ Kivi gva¨‡g †eviY
NvUwZ c~iY Kiv hvq|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

35. 35
gwje‡Wbvg GKwU †MŠY cywó Dcv`vb hv Dw™¢‡` Lye Kg cwigv‡Y `iKvi nq; Z‡e †Kvb
Kvi‡Y Gi Afve n‡j Mv‡Q AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖKvk cvq|
gwje‡Wbvg ev‡qvjwRK¨vj bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wd‡·k‡b f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
G¨vgvB‡bv GwmW ms‡k­lY I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb wecv‡K mnvqZv K‡i|
gvwU‡Z bvB‡UªU‡K G¨v‡gvwbqvq cwiYZ nIqvi nvi Kgvq Ges bvB‡Uªv‡Rb P‡µ
f~wgKv iv‡L|
gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v‡_©i cwigvY Kg n‡j|
gvwU‡Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ gwje‡Wbv‡gi cwigvY K‡g †M‡j Ges Avqi‡bi cwigvY †e‡o
†M‡j Afve †`Lv hvq|
mvavYiZ avb Mv‡Q Gi Afve †`Lv
hvq bv; Z‡e Gi Afve n‡j cvZv
du¨vKv‡k njy`vf meyR iO aviY
K‡i Ges cvZv †cuwP‡q hvq|
`vbvRvZxq k‡m¨ `vbv wVKg‡Zv
MwVZ nq bv|
gwje‡Wbvg mvi gvwU‡Z cÖ‡qvM A_ev
cvZvq †¯cÖ Kiv|
gvwU‡Z ˆRe c`v_© †hvM Kiv|
gwje‡Wbv‡gi
v
Afv‡ei KviY
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi
gwje‡Wbvg

36. 36
wmwjK‡bi kvixiZvwË¡K Kvh©vejx GLb ch©š— m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Rvbv hvqwb; ZeyI wmwjKb avb
Mv‡Qi GKwU DcKvix †MŠY cywó Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
wmwjKb Mv‡Qi my`„p KvÊ, g~j I cvZv MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
GwU gReyZ †Kvl cÖvPxi ˆZwi K‡i avb MvQ‡K †ivMevjvB I †cvKvgvK‡oi nvZ †_‡K
i¶v K‡i|
wmwjKb avb Mv‡Qi cvZv Lvov iv‡L hv AwaK Av‡jv cwi‡kvlY I bvB‡Uªv‡Rb
e¨env‡ii `¶Zv e„w× K‡i|
GwU gvwU‡Z dmdiv‡mi mnRjf¨Zv e„w× K‡i|
Rwg †_‡K eQ‡ii ci eQi dm‡ji Aewkóvsk m¤ú~Y©©fv‡e AcmviY Ki‡j|
cyivZb I weP~Y©f~Z gvwU hvi wmwjKb mieivn ¶gZv Kg|
wmwjKb
wmwjK‡bi KvR
Afv‡ei KviY

37. 37
Qwe 22| wmwjK‡bi cÖfv‡e avb MvQ |
cvZv †bwZ‡q c‡o Ges cÖ‡¯^`‡bi
nvi †e‡o hvq|
e­v÷ I ev`vwg `vM †ivM †`Lv
hvq|
Afve gvivZ¡K n‡j wk‡l cyó `vbvi
msL¨v K‡g hvq|
wmwjK‡bi Afv‡e avb MvQ †n‡j
c‡o|
km¨ KZ©‡bi ci dm‡ji Aewkóvsk
I av‡bi Zzl gvwUi mv‡_ wgwk‡q
w`‡Z n‡e|
cwiwgZ gvÎvq bvB‡Uªv‡Rb mvi
e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
AfveRwbZ j¶Y cÖwZKvi

38. 38
Dobermann, A and T H Fairhurst. 2000. Rice: Nutrient Disorders and Nutrient
Management. International Rice Research Institute, Philippines.
Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. International Rice
Research Institute, Philippines.
mnvqK MÖš’