This document outlines the history and future of intelligence and artificial intelligence. It discusses intelligence from early human myths and legends involving intelligent creations to modern advances in computer science and AI technologies. The document is divided into four parts that cover the primal desire for intelligence, the cognitive revolution through human history, the development of AI from early automatons to modern deep learning systems, and the road ahead in ensuring AI is developed safely and for the benefit of humanity.

1. On Intelligence
Yusuf Brima

2. Outline
● Part 1: The Primal Desire
● Part 2: The Cognitive Revolution
● Part 3: Artificial Intelligence
● Part 4: The Road Ahead

3. Part 1
The primal desire

4. To create echos of intelligence
Source: aimagazine.com

5. Part 2
The cognitive revolution

6. Agrarian Age
Source: www.thoughtco.com

7. Industrial Age
Source: article1000.com

8. Information Age
Source: www.sigfox.com

9. Part 3
Artificial Intelligence

10. Myths and Legends
Source: wikipedia.org
Greek myth Talos acted as guardian for the island
of Crete.
Engraving from 1651 with Pygmalion in the
foreground and the Propoetides in the
background.
Source: wikipedia.org

11. Myths and Legends
Source: wikipedia.org
19th century engraving of Homunculus from Goethe's
Faust part II
Paracelsus (1493 – 1541)
Source: wikipedia.org

12. Automata
Source: wikipedia.org
African Songye Power Figure
Source: wikipedia.org
Ismail al-Jazari (1136 –1206 CE):
programmable automata (1206 CE) Source: wikipedia.org
Roger Bacon (1219/20 – 1292 CE): Brazen
head

13. Formal Reasoning
Aristotle (384–322 BC): Syllogism
Source: wikipedia.org Source: schoolworkhelper.net
Euclid (300 BC): Elements
Source: schoolworkhelper.net
Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī (c. 780
– c. 850): Algebra

14. Formal Reasoning cont’d
William of Ockham (c. 1287 – 1347):
Ockham’s Razor
Source: wikipedia.org
René Descartes (1596 – 1650):
Algebra and Geometry
George Boole (1815 – 1864): Boolean
Logic
Source: wikipedia.org Source: wikipedia.org

15. Computer Science
Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz
( 1646 – 1716): Calculus, Binary
System, Cybernetics, Control
Theory
Source: wikipedia.org
Augusta Ada King, Countess of
Lovelace (1815 – 1852):
Mathematician and first programmer
(Analytic Engine)
Charles Babbage (1791 – 1871): Father
of Computing
Source: wikipedia.org Source: wikipedia.org

16. Computer Science Cont’d
John von Neumann (1903 – 1957):
Von Neumann Computer
Architecture
Source: wikipedia.org
Claude Elwood Shannon (1916 –
2001)
: Information Theory, Cryptography,
Electrical Engineering
Source: wikipedia.org

17. Precursors to AI: Cybernetics
● Norbert Wiener with
cybernetic bug “Palomilla”
Source: www.researchgate.net

18. Precursors to AI: Neuroscience
Source: www.sutori.com
● Introduced neural models for
computation

19. John McCarthy
Source: engineering.stanford.edu

20. Rosenblatt’s Perceptron
Source: news.cornell.edu

21. Turing’s Test
Source: wikipedia.org
“The Imitation Game”
Source: www.biography.com

22. Game AI
Source: wikipedia.org
Arthur Lee Samuel (1901– 1990)
Christopher Strachey (1916 – 1975) Dietrich Prinz (1903– 1989)
Source: wikipedia.org
Source: wikipedia.org

23. Symbolic AI
Herbert Alexander Simon (1916 – 2001) Allen Newell (1927 – 1992)
Source: wikipedia.org
Source: wikipedia.org
Created Logic Theorist: an
Automatic Theorem Solver
(ATS)

24. Eliza
Link: http://psych.fullerton.edu/mbirnbaum/psych101/eliza.htm Source: spectrum.ieee.org
Joseph Weizenbaum (1923 – 2008)

25. IBM Deep Blue
Source: spectrum.ieee.org

26. Deep Learning
Source: https://alammehwish.github.io/cssa_ecml_pkdd_2021/

27. DeepMind Alpha Go
Source: https://www.handelsblatt.com

28. DeepMind Alpha Fold
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03348-4

29. Voice Assistants
Source: https://www.bticino.com/news/smart-home/new-voice-assistants-for-smart-home/

30. OpenAI GTP-3
Source: https://medium.com/

31. Self-driving Cars
Source: https://industrywired.com/are-we-ready-to-have-future-dotted-by-self-driving-cars/

32. Part 4
The road ahead

33. Bias
Source: https://blog.impress.ai/index.php/2020/06/16/8-ways-to-reduce-unconscious-bias-in-hiring/

34. Fairness
Source: https://syncedreview.com

35. Algorithmic Justice
Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03348-4

36. Decolonisation
Source: https://ecfr.eu/article/commentary_digital_decolonisation_the_eus_new_ideas_on_data_and_artificial/

37. The end
Thank you!