Capacitor installation and Re-conductoring as methods of mitigating Poweer loss in power system network

1. BY
KHALIL Y. A.
POWER DISTRIBUTION LOSS
CAPACITOR INSTALLATION/RE-CONDUCTORING
AUGUST, 2019

2. Objectives
▰At the end of this session, participants should be able
to;
▰ 1) Explain and illustrate the use of NEPLAN to simulate
insertion of capacitor to reduce losses in a model of
distribution network.
▰ 2) Simulate the effect of re-conductoring to reduce losses
▰ 3) Use the above concepts in their networks for load
reduction actions/investment schedules
2

3. Learning methods
Power point presentation
Open Discussions –
Share experiences
Exercises – Individuals/Groups
Case Studies/simulations

4. 4
Recap –
10 Common Causes of
Technical Losses
1. Location of the source and MV/LV substations far from the centre of gravity of the
load they supply
2. Influence zone of grid substations and MV/LV substations is too wide
3. Insufficient number of grid substations and MV/LV substations
4. Transformers for grid substations and MV/LV substations undersized or oversized
5. MV and LV lines are overloaded
6. MV and LV lines are too long
7. Use of inappropriate sections
8. No compensation of reactive current
9. Unequal distribution of loads on the phases
10.N/O points are selected in a suboptimal way

5. 5
Recap(2) –
10 Key Actions to reduce
Technical losses
1. Installation of capacitor banks
2. Replacement of conductors
3. Restructuring of the MV networks
4. Additional substations (grid S/S or distribution S/S)
5. Use of high efficiency transformers
6. Phase rebalancing on LV feeders
7. Optimisation of N/O points
8. Demand Side Management
9. Load Management
10.Optimal network planning
11.Optimal tariff allocation for reactive consumption

6. Page 6
Project
Highlights
1. Effects of Installation of capacitor banks
2. Effects of Replacement (upgrade) of conductors
Introduction

7. Page 7
Project
Highlights
Connection of Capacitors
• Capacitors can be classified as
Series or Parallel according to the
type of Connection they have.
• Series Capacitors are connected in
series with lines, to compensate for
inductive reactance.
• Shunt Capacitors are connected in
parallel with lines to compensate for
reactive power or current required
by an inductive load.

8. Page 8
Project
Highlights
Objectives of connecting capacitor
• Capacitors are used for the
following purposes:
– Reduce losses (kW – kWh).
– Improve power factor.
– Improve voltage profile.
– Reduce loading of distribution feeders.

9. Page 9
Project
Highlights
Series and shunt compensation

10. Page 10
Project
Highlights
Series and shunt compensation
• Consider a simple 33 kV radial line
transmitting power by an overhead
system to a lagging power factor
load.
• The sending-and receiving-end
conditions will be examined for each of
three cases;
– Without capacitor
– With shunt capacitor
– With series capacitor

11. Page 11
Project
Highlights
CASE A

12. Page 12
Project
Highlights
CASE A (2)

13. Page 13
Project
Highlights
CASE B

14. Page 14
Project
Highlights
CASE B (2)

15. Page 15
Project
Highlights
CASE C

16. Page 16
Project
Highlights
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
• The main conclusions are:
• (i) Both shunt and series capacitors
reduce the voltage drop, and also
the kVAr demand at source of
supply
• (ii) Shunt capacitors reduce the line
power losses by reducing the
receiving-end current.

17. Page 17
Project
Highlights
SUMMARY OF RESULTS (2)

18. Page 18
Project
Highlights
TABLE OF RESULTS

19. Page 19
Project
Highlights

20. Page 20
Project
Highlights
Methods of locating and sizing capacitor
• By Feeder Modelling
• By Inspection
• By Using Software

21. Page 21
Project
Highlights
Re-open project network 1

22. Page 22
Project
Highlights
Reopen project network 1

23. Page 23
Project
Highlights
OPEN THE MODELLED NETWORK IN
NEPLAN
• Highlighted Bus with problemNetwork/Area/Zone PLosses
kW
QLosses
kVAr
PLoad
kW
QLoad
kVAr
PGen
kW
QGen
kVAr
PImport
kW
QImport
kVAr
PTransformerLosses kW QTransformerLosses kVAr IImport A PLineLosses kW VRegmaxHT
%
VRegminHT
%
QLineLosses
kVAr
Network 425.4 545 5000 0 5425.4 545 5425.4 545 42.5 422.6 0 382.9 0 0 122.4
Default Area 425.4 545 5000 0 5425.4 545 0 0 42.5 422.6 0 382.9 0 0 122.4

24. Page 24
Project
Highlights
Bus with problem corrected with Capacitor
installed
Network/Area/Zone PLosses
kW
QLosses
kVAr
PLoad
kW
QLoad
kVAr
PGen
kW
QGen
kVAr
PImport
kW
QImport
kVAr
PTransformerLosses kW QTransformerLosses kVAr IImport A PLineLosses kW VRegmaxHT
%
VRegminHT
%
QLineLosses
kVAr
Network 445.2 570.5 5000 0 5445.2 -1259.7 5445.2 -1259.7 44.6 444 0 400.6 0 0 126.5
Default Area 445.2 570.5 5000 0 5445.2 -1259.7 0 0 44.6 444 0 400.6 0 0 126.5

25. Page 25
Project
Highlights
Create a new subvariant
2
1

26. Page 26
Project
Highlights
Create a new subvariant

27. Page 27
Project
Highlights
Create a new subvariant
1
2

28. Page 28
Project
Highlights
1) EXERCISE 5: Insert a capacitor bank
1
2
3

29. Page 29
Project
Highlights
1) Insert a capacitor bank
1
Relier le condensateur
au bus
2

30. Page 30
Project
Highlights
1) Insert a capacitor bank
Launch Loadflow
and compare the
results

31. How has the capacitor bank
helped to reduce losses?
Page 31
Compare the
results

32. 2) Replacement (Upgrade) of
conductors
▰ By using the higher the cross-section
area of conductor / cables the losses
will be lower but the same time cost
will be high so by forecasting the
future load an optimum balance
between investment cost and
network losses should be
maintained.
▰ R = ꝭ*L
CSA

33. Page 33
Project
Highlights
2) Replacement of conductors
1. Create a new variant (remp_conduc)
2. Change the conductor type for line 1-2
(AGS117)
3. Launch a load balancing and compare
losses
2) EXERCISE 6: Replacement of conductors

34. Page 34
Project
Highlights
2) Replacement of conductors

35. Page 35
Project
Highlights
OPEN THE MODELLED NETWORK IN
NEPLAN
• Highlighted Bus with problem with conductor of – ACSR
ANT (190A rating)Network/Area/Zone PLosses
kW
QLosses
kVAr
PLoad
kW
QLoad
kVAr
PGen
kW
QGen
kVAr
PImport
kW
QImport
kVAr
PTransformerLosses kW QTransformerLosses kVAr IImport A PLineLosses kW VRegmaxHT
%
VRegminHT
%
QLineLosses
kVAr
Network 425.4 545 5000 0 5425.4 545 5425.4 545 42.5 422.6 0 382.9 0 0 122.4
Default Area 425.4 545 5000 0 5425.4 545 0 0 42.5 422.6 0 382.9 0 0 122.4

36. Page 36
Project
Highlights
Replacement of conductor
• A conductor with 190A replaced with another
AGS (291A rating), Capacitor isolated, the
result converged.
Network/Area/Zone PLosses
kW
QLosses
kVAr
PLoad
kW
QLoad kVAr PGen
kW
QGen
kVAr
PImport
kW
QImport
kVAr
PTransformerLosses
kW
QTransformerLosses
kVAr
IImport A PLineLosses kW VRegmaxHT
%
VRegminHT
%
QLineLosses
kVAr
Network 239.2 493.2 5000 0 5239.2 493.2 5239.2 493.2 39.6 393.6 0 199.6 0 0 99.5
Default Area 239.2 493.2 5000 0 5239.2 493.2 0 0 39.6 393.6 0 199.6 0 0 99.5

37. When does it make sense to
replace conductors (from an
economic point of view?
Page 37
Compare the
results

38. Questions…
Reactions
Personal experiences
38

39. REFERENCES
• Power Loss Reduction Technologies presentation; Power
System Analysis Tool (PSAT), DNV KEMA Academy,
2013
• NAPTIN training presentation on Power loss
Management, NAPTIN 2018
• Power Loss Calculation Training of Trainers (ToT)
presentations, June 2019, Daniel D’Hoop, Gopa-
Intec/GIZ @ VRA Academy, Akuse, Ghana.
• Capacitor sizing and Location in Distribution Network, by
Dr Gers M. Juan, 2013, Gers USA consulting Engineers.
• A Turnaround Story! ON THE AGGREGATE
TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL (AT&C) LOSS
REDUCTION FROM 53% TO 15% IN DELHI AREA
ACHIEVED IN 8 YEARS BY NDPL (NORTH DELHI
POWER LIMITED) By Ajai Nirula .
• Reducing Technical and Non-Technical losses in the
Power sector,
Background Paper for the World Bank Group Energy Sec
tor Strategy, July 2009

40. 40
THANKS FOR LISTENING