POWER ELECTRONIC IN POWER SYSTEM KELAS.pptx

POWER ELECTRONIC PADA SISTEM
TENAGA LISTRIK UNTUK
MENDUKUNG TRANSISI ENERGI
DIREKTORAT ENJINIRING
20 OKTOBER 2023
11 NOVEMBER 2023

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Agenda
PART 1 CONTENT :
I. PENDAHULUAN
II. POWER ELCETRONIC PADA PEMBANGKIT
RENEWABLE
III. POWER ELECTRONIC PADA SISTEM TRANSMISI
DAN DISTRIBUSI

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Agenda
Kegiatan Teknologi Informasi Triwulan II - 2023
I. PENDAHULUAN

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SUTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Global Renewable Energy Annual Changes in Gigawatt (2001-2021)
(Source: IRENA, “Renewable capacity statistics 2022”

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SKENARIO TRANSISI ENERGI

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13,8
5,8
19,7
GW
3,4
10,
4
4,
7
2,5
20,9
GW
Rencana Pengembangan EBT
RUPTL PLN 2021-2030
PLTG/GU/MG/MGU
PLTU/MT*)
40,6
GW
Rencana penambahan kapasitas pembangkit
(berdasarkan tipe energy EBT, dalam RUPTL 2021-2030)
Termal (48,4%) EBT (51,6%)
Rencana penambahan
total kapasitas
pembangkit berdasarkan
RUPTL 2021-2030
Others
PLTS
PLTP
PLTA/M
Keterangan :
*) Kontrak existing, tahap konstruksi
Pembangkit EBT akan mendominasi penambahan kapasitas pembangkit
dengan total bauran energi di tahun 2030 (24.8%)
Green
Energy
• RUPTL 2021-2030 merupakan RUPTL paling GREEN dengan
porsi pengembangan EBT 51,6%.
• Rencana pengembangan EBT mencapai 20,9 GW pada
tahun 2021-2030
Target Bauran EBT di PP 79/2014
Penjabaran komposisi target bauran EBT di dalam
komposisi bauran energi nasional yang dituangkan di
KEN dan dijabarkan di RUENmemperhatikan:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Ketersedian Sumber Energi
Memperhatikan keberlanjutan pasokan
Memperhatikan keamanan pasokan
Memperhatikan nilai keekonomian
Memperhatikan jenis dan karakteristik sumber energi
Memperhatikan komitmen terhadap Global warming
Serta pertimbangan aspek  menciptakan lapangan
kerja, kemandirian teknologi, meningkatkan
ketahahan energi nasional, mengurangi
ketergantungan terhadap sumber energi fosil.
SOURCE : DIREKTORAT MANAJEMEN PROYEK DIVISI EBT PLN 2023

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Roadmap PLN Untuk Mencapai Carbon Neutral Tahun 2060
1
2
3
5
4
2030 2040 2050 2060
Peningkatan EBT menjadi 29%
share capacity (29 GW).
Merencanakan pembentukan
klaster industri hijau di daerah
terpencil.
Peningkatan EBT hingga 50%
Meluncurkan interkoneksi
Jawa-Sumatera. Memperluas
klaster industri hijau.
Peningkatan EBT menjadi 67%
Meluncurkan Interkoneksi
Kalimantan & NusaTenggara
ke Jawa
Peningkatan EBT lebih lanjut
menuju share capacity 75%
(308 GW)
Peningkatan kapasitas CCS
hingga 10 GW
Pilot CCS di PLTU Peningkatan kapasitas CCS
hingga 54 GW
Peningkatan standalone
capacity biomassa menjadi12
GW
Pilot biomass co-firing dan
hidrogen
GW
Memulai hydrogen skala besar
GW
Pilot untuk retirementPLTU
melalui JV ETM dan early
retirement ~9 GW PLTU
Early retirement ~5 GW
kapasitas PLTU
Pilot PLTS atap, battery
storage dan smart grid
Program peningkatan PLTS
atap dan penyebaran smart
grid
Kapasitas battery storage
meningkat menjadi 97 GW
Kapasitas battery storage
meningkat hingga 35 GW
Early retirement ~34 GW
kapasitas PLTU
EBT skala
besar
Pembangkit-
an EBT
terdistribusi
CCS
Early
Retirement
PLTU
Penerapan
teknologi
baru
Peningkatan kapasitas CCS
SOURCE : DIREKTORAT MANAJEMEN PROYEK DIVISI EBT PLN 2023

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LANDSCAPE APLIKASI POWER ELECTRONIC
Power Electronics as the enabling technology for a Modern Carbon Neutral Society | PEAC - AAU Energy | F. Blaabjerg | 05 November 2022

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II. POWER ELCETRONIC
PADA PEMBANGKIT RENEWABLE
T RENEWABLE

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POWER ELECTRONIC PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK
TENAGA SURYA (PLTS)
General Requirements
Grid-connected PV systems ranging from several kWs to
even a few MWs are being developed very fast and will
soon take a major part of electricity generation in some
areas. PV systems have to comply with much tougher
requirements than ever before.
Requirements today
► Maximize active power capture (MPPT)
► Power quality issue
► Ancillary services for grid stability
► Communications
► High efficiency
In case of large-scale adoption of PVsystems
► Reactive power control
► Frequency control
► Fault ride-through capability
MPPT BY DC CONVERTER TO MAXIMIZE POWER OUTPUT

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KONFIGURASI POWER CONVERTER PADA PV
Chapter 03 in Renewable energy devices and systems with simulations in MATLAB and ANSYS, Editors: F. Blaabjerg and D.M. Ionel, CRC Press LLC, 2017

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KONVIGURASI KONVERTER PADA JARINGAN
Transformer-based grid-connection
Transformer-less grid-connection  Higher efficiency, Smaller volume
 Large PV power plants (e.g. 750 kW by SMA), rated over tens and
even hundreds of MW, adopt many central inverters with the power
rating of up to 900 kW.
 DC-DC converters are also used before the central inverters.
Multi PV Group

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POWER ELECTRONIC PADA PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK
TENAGA BAYU (PLTB)
General Requirement
Conventional power plants provide active and
reactive power, inertia response, synchronizing
power, oscillation damping, short-circuit
capability and voltage backup during faults.
Wind turbine technology differs from
conventional power plants regarding the
converter-based grid interface and asynchronous
operation
Grid code requirements today
► Active power control
► Reactive power control
► Frequency control
► Steady-state operating range
► Fault ride-through capability

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► Variable pitch – variable speed
► Doubly Fed Induction Generator
► Gear box and slip rings
► ±30% slip variation around synchronous speed
► Power converter (back-to-back/ direct AC/AC) in rotor
circuit
 State-of-the-art solutions
► Variable pitch – variable speed
► Generator Synchronous generator
Permanent magnet generator
Squirrel-cage induction generator
► With/without gearbox
► Power converter
Diode rectifier + boost DC/DC + inverter Back-to-back converter
Direct AC/AC (e.g. matrix,
cycloconverters)
 State-of-the-art and future solutions
Partial scale converter with DFIG
Full scale converter with SG/IG
KONFIGURASI POWER CONVERTER PADA PLTB
Ns = 120 F/P

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TOPOLOGI KONVERTER
Topologies under low voltage (<690V)
 Proven technology
 Standard power devices (integrated)
 Decoupling between grid and generator (compensation for non-
symmetry and other power quality issues)
 High dv/dt and bulky filter
 Need for major energy-storage in DC-link
 High power losses at high power (switching and
conduction losses) → low efficiency
Diode rectifier + boost DC/DC +
2L-VSC
 Suitable for PMSG orSG.
 Lower cost
 Low THD on generator, low frequency torque
pulsations in drive train.
 Challenge to design boost converter at MW.
2L-VSC 2L-VSC
Back-to-back two-level
VSC
Transformer
Filter Filter
Generator Transformer
Filter Filter
Boost
2L-VSC
Diode rectifier
Generator

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II. POWER ELCETRONIC
PADA SISTEM TRANSMISI
DAN DISTRIBUSI.
T RENEWABLE

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EVOLUSI SISTEM TENAGA DALAM TRANSISI ENERGI
Impact of External Drive Effect on the Electricity Grid

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FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISION SYSTEM (FACTS)
FACTS solutions are power electronic devices that dynamically provide reactive power on an AC network to support the voltage
along the transmission line, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of existing or new AC transmission systems
sr
sr
X
Us.Ur
sr .sin(Ꝺ)
P 
Phase angle control
Phase Shift
Transformers/Phase Angle
Regulators :TCPST, UPFC
Shunt Compensation
Voltage regulation
SC, STATCOM, SVC
Series
Compensation
Impedance
modification
FSC, TCSC
Sending
End
Receiving
End
GE VERNOVA, GE GRID INTEGRATIONAL

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1. STATIC SYCRONOUS COMPENSATOR (STARCOM)
What is a STATCOM ?
Characteristics:
• Shunt-connected to the AC transmission network.
• Consists of a multi-level VSC, phase reactors and
step-up transformer.
• The reactive current is provided or absorbed by
producing a controlled internal voltage waveform.
• Classical STATCOM operates current source
(“grid-following operation”).
• Symmetrical reactive current output range.
GE STATCOM Facts:
Response
• Typical response time is ≤ 40ms
(case by case)
Losses
• Around 1% of nominal power
•At zero can be low as0.05% A
vailability
•98...99 % typically F
ootprint
• Smaller footprint compared
to SVC (approx. 40-50 %)
Confidential. Not to be copied, distributed, or reproduced without prior approval
19
Copyright © GE 2023. GE Proprietary All Rights Reserved.

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2. UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (UPFC)
SIEMENS UPFC WHITE PAPER
The UPFC is arranged as two voltage sources. One in parallel that controls voltage and one in series connected to the AC line. It provides reactive power compensation,
voltage control and active power load flow control in one unit.
The system comprises of four main components:
1.The converter arrangement as a symmetrical monopole, back-to-back with the DC link. The back-to-back connection is the same installation as an HVDC system but here it
serves a different purpose and has different controls.
2.Modular multilevel IGBT Voltage Sourced Converter (VSC) to achieve voltage level.
3.The series transformer injects the voltage into the transmission line to either reduce or increase the current flow through the system.
4.The shunt transformer controls the voltage and the infeed reactive power so that the voltage will remain within the plus or minus 10 per cent limits.

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MEDIUM VOLTAGE DC (MVDC)
Key Features
MVDC collection grid in wind farms (focus area is offshore wind):
• Reduced space requirement inside the turbine, since only rectifier
required.
• Reduced losses in the collection grid through dc currents
• Connection either via DC/DC converter to HVDC or via DC/AC
converter to HVAC:
 Higher availability due to reduced number of converters.
 Reduced losses due to less conversion steps.
MVDC collection grid for large solar farms:
• Reduced losses in the collection grid through dc currents
• Panel voltages already moving from LVDC into MVDC (>1500V DC)
• Connection via DC/AC converter to HVAC
General:
A MVDC collection grid allows easy integration of electrical energy
storage or hydrogen electrolysis.
Wind Turbine & Wind Turbine & Wind Turbine & Wind Turbine &
Generator Generator Generator Generator
HVAC ...............Transmission............... HVDC
Short distance to shore Long distance to shore
MVDC
Cluster
DC
DC
AC
DC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
DC
AC
Point of Interconnection
MVAC
MVDC
MVDC Cluster N
PV Array PV Array
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
DC
AC
DC

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LOW FREQUENCY AC (LFAC)
Public
© 2023 Hitachi Energy.All rightsreserved.
Voltage variation2
AC cables1.
Operation of 50/60 Hz cables at 16.7 Hz
1 Nexans - Longest 132 kV submarine three-core cable for Barrow Offshore Windfarm
2 Grid Connection of Offshore Wind Farm based DFIG with Low Frequency AC Transmission System, IEEE 2012
7
Assumptions
 50/60 Hz at land and Island terminals
 LFAC cable (16.67 Hz, 25 Hz), xx kVAC
 Optimize V trough cable, total Q and total
losses

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TOPOLOGI KONVERTER MVDC
Bipolar
• Bipolar with metallic return
• Bipolar with ground return
Monopolar
• Monopole with ground return configuration
• Monopolar symmetric with metallic return
 Monopolar asymmetric with metallic return
Public
© 2023 Hitachi Energy.All rightsreserved.

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Agenda
PART II CONTENT :
I. PENDAHULUAN
II. TEKNOLOGI HVDC
III. STORAGE ENERGY SYSTEM

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I. PENDAHULUAN
T RENEWABLE

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Draft RUKN 2023-2060
I. PENDAHULUAN
1. Terdapat perbedaan lokasi potensi energi dan pusat beban, Membutuhkan interkoneksi antar pulau
2. Tingginya porsi Variable Renewable Energy (VRE), membutuhkan system penyimpan energi sebagai penyeimbang
NERACA DAYA DAN BAURAN ENERGI 2060

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PROBLEM UNTUK INTERKONEKSI JARAK JAUH
DAN ANTAR PULAU
Impedansi kabel / Konduktor membatasi Transfer daya maksimum
Beberapa titik membutuhkan koneksi dalam transmisi DC untuk mengatasi masalah impedansi pada
transmisi AC

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PROBLEM SAAT TINGGINYA PORSI VRE
PADA SISTEM TENAGA
Weak inertia support and frequencyinstability
The Blackout in UK 2019
1 2 Fault ride-though failure on weaknetworks
Australia's power blackout in2016
3 High proportion of renewable difficult todeliver
HVDC transient overvoltage problem (Qinghai-Henan DC transmission)
The failure of Little Barford
power plant caused power loss
of 730MW
System frequency
starting to decrease
Horsea offshore wind farmwas
largely off the grid, with power
fed into the grid reduced by
900 MW.
beyond the allowed range of
49.8–50.2 Hz and triggeredmass
load shedding
System frequency
dropped to48.9Hz
Voltage
collapse
Frequency
collapse
• On Sept. 28th
, 2016, Wind
farm tripped caused by
typhoons and rainstorms.
• Voltage drops occurred for 6
times and caused voltage and
frequency collapse. South
Australia suffered a 50-hour
blackout.
14:12:30 14:13:00 14:13:30 14:14:00 14:14:30
100
50
0
14:12:00
时间
4 Wide-band oscillation
A wind power station in Guyuan, Hebei,China
MW
300 divergent oscillation off the grid
250
200
150
bypass serialcompensation
130%
overvoltage
Lasts for 100ms
135%
overvoltage
Delivered power/GW
1.4 2.0
New Energy Installation/GW
3.8
2.9
New energy installation and delivery capacity are
negatively related!
Lasts for 80ms
HUAWEI ESS SEMINAR 2023

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I. HVDC TECHNOLOGY
T RENEWABLE

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KEUNGGULAN TEKNOLOGI HVDC
Investment HVDC value
Including AC line compensation for equivalent power quality
Lower losses
Controlled power flows
Smaller footprint
More power
More sustainable
More grid stability
and versatility
HVDC
terminalcosts
AC terminal costs
HVDC
Breakeven distance Distance
HVAC
Investment
© 2023 Hitachi Energy. All rights reserved.

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HVDC Underground
HVAC Underground
HVDC Submarine
HVAC Submarine
*100 km cable transmission, 900MW
Including: HVDC or HVAC Station, Cable, Total Losses and End of Life
Environmental benefits DC vs AC
HVDC has a lower climate impact thanks to:
• Lower transmission losses
• Materials for cables
HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) Classic overhead line
Underground line with HVDC Light® or AC cable
Traditional overhead line with AC

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Current limits Voltage limits Short-circuit currentlimits Frequency Rotor angle Voltage
Power system capacity
(steady state)
Power system stability
(transient state)
Node
voltage
105%
90%
Node
SSC
63 kA
Line
loading
100%
Stable operating
area
U (kV)
P (MW)
HVDC
AC
ΔIq (kA)
ΔU(kV)
ΔP
(MW)
Δf (Hz)
U (kV)
P (MW)
More power
Power flow control
Reactive power control
Controlled short-circuit
current
Frequency control Damping control Dynamic voltage control

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KOMPONEN PADA SISTEM HVDC
What is an HVDC transmission system?

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KOMPONEN PADA SISTEM HVDC CLASSIC
1
2
3
4
6
7
Identification of areas
1. AC bus
2. AC filter and shunt banks area
3. Transformer area
4. Valve hall
5. DC yard
6. Service building
7. Coolers
5
Station layout – Monopolar configuration

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Valve hall – Thyristor valves
Thyristor Module Thyristor
Heat Sink
Gate Unit
Reactor Module
KOMPONEN PADA SISTEM HVDC CLASSIC

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KOMPONEN PADA SISTEM HVDC LIGHT
Main equipment
1. Transformers
2. AC yard Grid
3. Converter Reactors hall
4. Valve hall and DC hall
5. Control building
6. Cooling
1
3
2
4
6
5

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KOMPONEN PADA SISTEM HVDC LIGHT
Environmental performance over time
Lower losses
More of the power
generated reaches
the consumer.
Higher power
density
Lower cost for land
and civil works.
1997 Today
HVDC Light®
HVDC Classic

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PERBANDINGAN HVDC CLASIC (CSC) DAN HVDC LIGHT
(VSC)

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APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI HVDC
Connectingremote
generation
Offshore wind connections Interconnecting grids DC links in AC grids Connecting remote loads Power from shore City center infeed Upgrades/life-cycle
services

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APLIKASI TEKNOLOGI HVDC
Customer
Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), Saudi Arabia and Egyptian Electricity Transmission
Company (EETC), Egypt
Customer needs
• Power transmission and energy trading between countries
Customer benefits
• Facilitate electricity trade between Saudi Arabia and Egypt
• Connecting the two grids with strengthening grid resilience
• Power supply security and optimization of energy production
Year
2025
HVDC Classic
converter stations
Multi-terminal solution
Medina: 3,000 MW; Tabuk
1,500 MW; Badr 3,000 MW
Our response
• 3,000 MW ±500 kV multi-terminal solution with power flow in multiple directions
• Three turnkey HVDC converter stations: Medina, Tabuk andBadr
The first ever large-scale HVDC interconnection in the Middle East and North Africa

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BERSAMBUNG KE SERIE 2
- MVDC
- HVDC
- VARIABEL SPEED GENERATOR
- BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE

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II. BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE
TECHNOLOGY
T RENEWABLE

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TANTANGAN STABILITAS PADA SISTEM DENGAN VRE TINGGI
EU considers grid forming as a key
to high wind/solar penetration.
System
Stability
Unstable
Stable
100%
Improved grid following
50% 70%
Grid Forming
2020 EU MIGRATEProject
Wind/Solar 30%
2022 ENTSO System NeedsStudy
4
5
Grid Forming
Converter + Energy
Storage menjadi kunci
kestabilan grid yang
memiliki penetrasi VRE
yang tinggi

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