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LAJU REAKSI KIMIA (2)
Oleh :
Dr. Yustinah, ST., MT
โ€ข LAJU REAKSI menunjukkan perubahan konsentrasi
zat yang terlibat dalam reaksi setiap satuan waktu.
โ€ข Laju reaksi dinyatakan sebagai laju pengurangan
konsentrasi molar pereaksi atau laju penambahan
konsentrasi molar produk dalam kurun waktu
tertentu.
โ€ข Jika bahan A dan bahan B direaksikan membentuk
C dan D
aA + bB ๏‚ฎ cC + dD
Laju Reaksi
Lanjutan
โ€ข Laju reaksi dirumuskan sebagai berikut:
Laju pengurangan konsentrasi molar pereaksi A dan B
dalam satu satuan waktu (tanda negatif , -r)
โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐ด=
๐‘‘๐ถ๐ด
๐‘‘๐‘ก
โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐ต=
๐‘‘๐ถ๐ต
๐‘‘๐‘ก
Laju penambahan konsentrasi molar produk C dan D
dalam satu satuan waktu (tanda positif , r)
๐‘Ÿ๐ถ =
๐‘‘๐ถ๐ถ
๐‘‘๐‘ก
๐‘Ÿ๐ท=
๐‘‘๐ถ๐ท
๐‘‘๐‘ก
โ€ข Satuan untuk laju reaksi adalah M/detik
โ€ข Besarnya laju reaksi sesuai dengan perbandingan koefisien
reaksinya
๐Ÿ
๐’‚
(โˆ’๐’“๐‘จ) =
๐Ÿ
๐’ƒ
(โˆ’๐’“๐‘ฉ) =
๐Ÿ
๐’„
(๐’“๐‘ช) =
๐Ÿ
๐’…
(๐’“๐‘ซ)
Orde Reaksi
โ€ข Laju reaksi dapat dinyatakan dalam persamaan yang
ditentukan berdasarkan konsentrasi awal setiap zat,
dipangkatkan orde reaksinya.
โ€ข Pada reaksi ini :
โ€ข Persamaannya:
rA = k CA
๏ก CB
๏ข
rA= kecepatan A bereaksi , mol/(vol x waktu)
k = konstanta kecepatan reaksi, (satuan tergantung order
reaksinya)
CA,CB= konsentrasi reaktan, mol/vol
๏ก, ๏ข = order reaksi (untuk reaksi elementer order reaksi
sama dengan koefisien reaksi)
โ€ข Orde Reaksi total : n = ๏ก + ๏ข
aA + bB ๏‚ฎ cC + dD
Konstanta Kecepatan Reaksi
โ€ข Jika persamaan kecepatan reaksi dituliskan sbb :
โ€ข Satuan dari konstanta kecepatan reaksi (k) adalah :
Reaksi orde 1, satuan k = (waktu)-1
Reaksi orde 2, satuan k = (volume)/(mole)(waktu)
Reaksi orde 3, satuan k = (volume)2 / (mole)2 (waktu)
n
A A
r kC
๏€ญ ๏€ฝ
( )
A
n
A
r
k
C
๏€ญ
๏€ฝ
( ) / ( )( )
(( ) / ( ))n
mole volume waktu
k
mole volume
๏€ฝ
1
1
( )
n
mole
k waktu
volume
๏€ญ
๏ƒฆ ๏ƒถ
๏€ฝ ๏ƒง ๏ƒท
๏ƒจ ๏ƒธ
Latihan Soal :
1. Suatu reaksi antara gas SO2 dan O2 membentuk gas SO3,
mula-mula konsentrasi SO2 adalah 10 mol/liter, setelah 5
menit bereaksi konsentrasi SO2 menjadi 6 mol/liter.
Berapa laju reaksi pengurangan O2 ?
2SO2(g) + O2(g) โ†’ 2SO3(g)
Jawab :
โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘†๐‘‚2=
๐‘‘๐ถ๐‘†๐‘‚2
๐‘‘๐‘ก
=
10โˆ’6
5
= 0,8 mol/liter. Menit
1
๐‘Ž
(โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐ด) =
1
๐‘
(โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐ต) โ†’
1
2
โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘†๐‘‚2 =
1
1
(โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘‚2)
1
2
(0,8) =
1
1
(โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘‚2) โ†’ โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘‚2 = 0,4 mol/liter. Menit
Lanjutan
2. Suatu reaksi : 2A + B2 โ†’ 2AB
Jika persamaan kecepatan reaksi
-rA = k CA
2 CB2
1
Jika diketahui konsentrasi A adalah 0,1 mol/liter, konsentrasi B
adalah 0,2 mol/liter, Laju reaksi sebesar 12 mol/liter detik.
Berapa nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi tersebut ?
Jawaban :
-rA = k CA
2 CB2
1
12= k (0,1)2 (0,2)1
k = 6000 (liter)2 / (mol)2 (detik)
Tugas
Suatu reaksi : A2 + 2B โ†’ 2AB
Mempunyai data sbb :
Tentukan nilai orde reaksi dan konstanta kecepatan
reaksi tersebut !
Percoba ke
1
2
3
4
5

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15 laju reaksi kimia (2)

  • 1. LAJU REAKSI KIMIA (2) Oleh : Dr. Yustinah, ST., MT
  • 2. โ€ข LAJU REAKSI menunjukkan perubahan konsentrasi zat yang terlibat dalam reaksi setiap satuan waktu. โ€ข Laju reaksi dinyatakan sebagai laju pengurangan konsentrasi molar pereaksi atau laju penambahan konsentrasi molar produk dalam kurun waktu tertentu. โ€ข Jika bahan A dan bahan B direaksikan membentuk C dan D aA + bB ๏‚ฎ cC + dD Laju Reaksi
  • 3. Lanjutan โ€ข Laju reaksi dirumuskan sebagai berikut: Laju pengurangan konsentrasi molar pereaksi A dan B dalam satu satuan waktu (tanda negatif , -r) โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐ด= ๐‘‘๐ถ๐ด ๐‘‘๐‘ก โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐ต= ๐‘‘๐ถ๐ต ๐‘‘๐‘ก Laju penambahan konsentrasi molar produk C dan D dalam satu satuan waktu (tanda positif , r) ๐‘Ÿ๐ถ = ๐‘‘๐ถ๐ถ ๐‘‘๐‘ก ๐‘Ÿ๐ท= ๐‘‘๐ถ๐ท ๐‘‘๐‘ก โ€ข Satuan untuk laju reaksi adalah M/detik โ€ข Besarnya laju reaksi sesuai dengan perbandingan koefisien reaksinya ๐Ÿ ๐’‚ (โˆ’๐’“๐‘จ) = ๐Ÿ ๐’ƒ (โˆ’๐’“๐‘ฉ) = ๐Ÿ ๐’„ (๐’“๐‘ช) = ๐Ÿ ๐’… (๐’“๐‘ซ)
  • 4. Orde Reaksi โ€ข Laju reaksi dapat dinyatakan dalam persamaan yang ditentukan berdasarkan konsentrasi awal setiap zat, dipangkatkan orde reaksinya. โ€ข Pada reaksi ini : โ€ข Persamaannya: rA = k CA ๏ก CB ๏ข rA= kecepatan A bereaksi , mol/(vol x waktu) k = konstanta kecepatan reaksi, (satuan tergantung order reaksinya) CA,CB= konsentrasi reaktan, mol/vol ๏ก, ๏ข = order reaksi (untuk reaksi elementer order reaksi sama dengan koefisien reaksi) โ€ข Orde Reaksi total : n = ๏ก + ๏ข aA + bB ๏‚ฎ cC + dD
  • 5. Konstanta Kecepatan Reaksi โ€ข Jika persamaan kecepatan reaksi dituliskan sbb : โ€ข Satuan dari konstanta kecepatan reaksi (k) adalah : Reaksi orde 1, satuan k = (waktu)-1 Reaksi orde 2, satuan k = (volume)/(mole)(waktu) Reaksi orde 3, satuan k = (volume)2 / (mole)2 (waktu) n A A r kC ๏€ญ ๏€ฝ ( ) A n A r k C ๏€ญ ๏€ฝ ( ) / ( )( ) (( ) / ( ))n mole volume waktu k mole volume ๏€ฝ 1 1 ( ) n mole k waktu volume ๏€ญ ๏ƒฆ ๏ƒถ ๏€ฝ ๏ƒง ๏ƒท ๏ƒจ ๏ƒธ
  • 6. Latihan Soal : 1. Suatu reaksi antara gas SO2 dan O2 membentuk gas SO3, mula-mula konsentrasi SO2 adalah 10 mol/liter, setelah 5 menit bereaksi konsentrasi SO2 menjadi 6 mol/liter. Berapa laju reaksi pengurangan O2 ? 2SO2(g) + O2(g) โ†’ 2SO3(g) Jawab : โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘†๐‘‚2= ๐‘‘๐ถ๐‘†๐‘‚2 ๐‘‘๐‘ก = 10โˆ’6 5 = 0,8 mol/liter. Menit 1 ๐‘Ž (โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐ด) = 1 ๐‘ (โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐ต) โ†’ 1 2 โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘†๐‘‚2 = 1 1 (โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘‚2) 1 2 (0,8) = 1 1 (โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘‚2) โ†’ โˆ’๐‘Ÿ๐‘‚2 = 0,4 mol/liter. Menit
  • 7. Lanjutan 2. Suatu reaksi : 2A + B2 โ†’ 2AB Jika persamaan kecepatan reaksi -rA = k CA 2 CB2 1 Jika diketahui konsentrasi A adalah 0,1 mol/liter, konsentrasi B adalah 0,2 mol/liter, Laju reaksi sebesar 12 mol/liter detik. Berapa nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi tersebut ? Jawaban : -rA = k CA 2 CB2 1 12= k (0,1)2 (0,2)1 k = 6000 (liter)2 / (mol)2 (detik)
  • 8. Tugas Suatu reaksi : A2 + 2B โ†’ 2AB Mempunyai data sbb : Tentukan nilai orde reaksi dan konstanta kecepatan reaksi tersebut ! Percoba ke 1 2 3 4 5