chemical elements of the smartphone

1. Elements of Smartphones
Presented by: Claire Gui

2. About your smartphones
 20 years ago, hardly anyone even
owned a cell phone.
 over 1,000,000,000 smartphones
were purchased last year
 a low-end smartphone ＞
computer system the NASA used
to put a man on the moon.
 surf the Internet/listen to
music/text your friends
 None of this would be possible
without chemistry, and every
time you use your smartphone,
you are putting chemistry into
action.

3. Chemistry & Smartphones
 An average smartphone
may contain up to 62
different types of metals.
 One rather obscure group
of metals—the rare-earth
metals—plays a vital role.
These rare-earth metals , as
well as elements 57–71 ，
are known as
the lanthanides, because
they begin with the
element lanthanum.

4. Chemical elements of smartphones
Casing
Carbon
Electronics
Copper
Screen
Silicon

5. Copper--What is the element Cu?
 Atomic Number: 29
 Average Atomic Mass 63.546
 State at Room Temperature: Solid
 Element Classification:
Metal (Transition Metal)
 Period Number: 4 Group Number: 11
 Electron Configuration:
 Colour: orange and green(oxidation
reaction)
110
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6. Copper--History and Uses
 people have been using copper for at least 11,000
years.
people discovered methods for extracting copper at
least 7,000 years ago
 located in the United States, Chile, Peru and Canada.
 widely used in coins (resists corrosion from the air,
moisture and seawater)
 Pure copper is usually too soft for most uses.The two
most familiar alloys of copper are bronze and brass.
 About two-thirds of the copper on Earth is found in
igneous (volcanic) rocks. About a quarter occurs in
sedimentary rocks.

7. Copper--element of the smartphones
 There are about 0.5 oz of copper in your
mobile phone. That’s more than 12% of your
phone’s total weight.
 Recently copper has been used in computer
chips, resulting in much faster operating
speeds and greater circuit integration – up to
200 million transistors can be packed onto a
single chip.
 And copper also means that your gadgets need less power — so your battery life lasts longer.
Power requirements are now reduced , the chips run cooler than ever before, increasing the
effectiveness of the technology and the longevity of its components.
 The use of copper conductors in the chip is the last link in a now unbroken copper chain
comprising the electronic data path between user and smartphones.

8. Silicon -- What is the element Si?
 Atomic Number: 14
 Average Atomic Mass ： 28.0855
 State at Room Temperature: Solid
 Element Classification:
Metalloid (Se-mi Metal)
 Period Number: 3 Group Number: 14
 Electron Configuration:
 Colour: grey
22
33]Ne[ ps

9. Silicon -- Properties
 Physical proprties
 Silicon exists in two allotropic forms. Allotropes are forms of an element with
different physical and chemical properties. One allotrope is in the form of
shiny, grayish-black, needle-like crystals, or flat plates. The second allotrope
has no crystal structure and usually occurs as a brown powder.
 Silicon is a semiconductor.
 Chemical properties
 Silicon is a relatively inactive element at room temperature. It does not
combine with oxygen or most other elements.
 At higher temperatures, however, silicon becomes much more reactive.
 In the molten (melted) state, it also forms a number of alloys very easily in the
molten state.

10. Silicon -- element of the smartphones
 Resistive touchscreens, can be touched with any type of material and they
will still work. Only one button at a time can be pressed.
 Capacitive touchscreens are electrical in nature. A capacitor is any device
that stores electricity.

11. Silicon -- element of the smartphone
 used in small quantities to produce
the colours in the smartphone’s
screen
 details on the elements and
compounds involved in the
manufacture of touch screens were
in fact the easiest to track down.
 these take up more room and are
pressed together when the glass
cools, producing a layer of
compressive stress on the glass and
increasing its strength and
resistance to mechanical damage
 present in very small quantities, and
have a hand in producing the
colours displayed on the screen

12. Carbon -- What is the element C ?
 Atomic Number: 6
 Average Atomic Mass ： 12.0107
 State at Room Temperature: Solid
 Element Classification: Nonmetal
 Period Number: 2 Group Number: 14
 Electron Configuration:
 Colour: grey
22
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13. Carbon -- Carbon around us
 Carbon is key to life and by
definition is present in all organic
compounds. The study of life is
known as biological chemistry or
biochemistry.
 Carbon is distributed very widely in
nature as calcium carbonate .
Carbon is found as carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere of the earth and
dissolved in all natural waters.
 It is plentiful in the sun, stars,
comets, and the atmospheres of
most planets.

14. Carbon -- element of the smartphone
 Carbon Fiber Cases
 Carbon fiber is durable, so you can feel
confident that it will cushion and protect
your smartphone in case you accidentally
drop it on the floor or it slips out of your
pocket.
 Carbon fiber is also less bulky than other
materials, like polycarbonate. It is
lightweight which makes the phone lighter
and easier to hold during long phone calls
or Internet browsing sessions.
 Carbon fiber smartphone cases also are
attractive and come in an array of stylish
colors and designs.
 show off your personality and taste
through your smartphone case.