Environmental Science - The Earth's Water

1. ASSIGNMENT #2.
1. Define the following:
a. Aquatic Ecosystem
b. Marine Ecosystem
c. Freshwater Ecosystem
2. What is Water Cycle?
3. Give the three stages in river development
and explain.
4. What are the uses of water?

2. The Earth’s Water
Q2 MODULE 2

3. Earth’s
Water
01

4. Aquatic Ecosystem
Any ecosystem located in a
body of water is called an
aquatic ecosystem.

5. • It consists of communities of
organisms that are dependent on
each other and on their environment.
• Marine ecosystem and freshwater
ecosystem are the two main types of
aquatic ecosystem.

6. MARINE ECOSYSTEM

7. • contain roughly 97% of the planet’s water and
cover nearly 71% of the Earth's surface.
• Over 90% of life on Earth lives in the ocean.
• They differ from freshwater ecosystems by the
presence of dissolved compounds, especially
salts, in the water.
Marine Ecosystem

8. • Sodium and chlorine comprises
about 85% of the dissolved
materials in seawater.
• Salinity is not the same throughout
the entire marine ecosystems.
Marine Ecosystem

9. • Marine ecosystems can be divided
into the following zones:
Marine Ecosystem

10. oceanic - the relatively shallow part of the ocean that lies
over the continental shelf

11. profundal - bottom or deep water

12. benthic - bottom substrates

13. intertidal - the area between high and low tides

15. estuaries - where freshwater and marine water meets

16. salt marshes

17. Coral reefs

18. •hydrothermal vents - where chemosynthetic sulphur
bacteria form the food base

19. • The different kinds of organisms found in
marine ecosystems include kelp,
seaweeds, brown algae, dinoflagellates,
corals, cephalopods, echinoderms,
mollusks, sharks and marine mammals.
Marine Ecosystem

20. Kelp Seaweed
Brown
Algae

21. dinoflagellates corals
cephalopods

22. echinoderms
shark
mollusks
Marine
mammals

23. Organisms are fastened together and live adhered to the
ocean floor or to other immovable surfaces.
Examples of those include sponges, sea anemones, corals,
and barnacles.
sponges sea
anemones
barnacles

24. Organisms that live on the ocean floor are called
benthos.
Starfish, clams and tube worms, snails, and crabs are
benthic organisms.
starfish clams tube
worms

25. Organisms that live on the ocean floor are called
benthos.
Starfish, clams and tube worms, snails, and crabs are
benthic organisms.
snail crabs

26. Small organisms that are unable to move on their own
float near the surface and are carried by ocean motion
are called plankton (meaning wanderer).
Planktonic organisms are usually algae, tiny animals, and
fish larvae.
algae Fish larvae

27. • Phytoplankton is plant-like plankton. Photosynthetic
planktonic animals are called zooplankton.
• Both phytoplankton and zooplankton serve as the
producer in the marine ecosystem.

28. Organisms that swims in the water and can be found at
any depth in the oceans are called nekton.
Nektonic organisms include mostly fishes, although some
are mammals like seals and whales.
seals whales

29. FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM

30. • cover 0.80% of the Earth's surface and inhabit
0.009% of its total water.
• They generate nearly 3% of its net primary
production.
• contain 41% of the world's known fish species.
Freshwater Ecosystem

31. • There are three basic types of freshwater ecosystems:
• Lentic: standing water, including lakes and ponds.
Freshwater Ecosystem

32. • There are three basic types of freshwater ecosystems:
• Lotic: moving water, for example streams and
rivers.
Freshwater Ecosystem

33. • There are three basic types of freshwater ecosystems:
• Wetlands: areas where the soil is saturated
permanently or periodically
Freshwater Ecosystem

34. Freshwater Ecosystem
Streams
• a body of water that flows.
• Water and gravity are the two factors for the
stream to exist.
• It is often used interchangeably with rivers,
though rivers pertain to larger streams.
• Streams are home to many plants and
animals.

35. STREAMS

36. Stonewort, plankton algae, chara, and mosses are the
common vegetation.
Stonewort
Plankton
Algae

37. Stonewort, plankton algae, chara, and mosses are the
common vegetation.
Chara Mosses

38. crustaceans, worms, snails, and insects are the animals
that live in streams
Crustaceans Worms

39. crustaceans, worms, snails, and insects are the animals
that live in streams
Snails Insects

40. Freshwater Ecosystem
Lakes and Ponds
• bodies of standing water.
• lakes are larger than ponds and so deep that
light does not reach the bottom in all parts.
• Ponds are usually shallow enough for light to
reach the bottom throughout.

41. LAKES

42. PONDS

43. Freshwater Ecosystem
Lakes and Ponds
• Lakes and ponds are divided into three
different zones:
1. littoral (near shore shallow waters)
2. limnetic (open offshore waters)
3. profundal (deep, open waters).

45. Wetlands
A wetland is an area of land that is
either covered by water or saturated
with water.

46. Wetlands
Bogs
• Bogs are formed from the deposits of dead
plants commonly sphagnum moss.
• The acidity, low fertility, and cool climate are
the factors in slow plant growth and a slower
rate of decay.
• Several plants common in bogs are
insectivorous like pitcher plants (Sarracenia
purpurea) and sundews (Drosera ).

47. Bogs
Sphagnum
moss

48. Pitcher plant Sundews

49. Wetlands
Swamps and Marshes
• Swamps are areas of land permanently saturated
with water. They are dominated by vegetation which
includes shrubs and trees.

50. Wetlands
Swamps and Marshes
• A marsh is a wetland dominated by herbaceous
rather than woody plant species.

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