For Agronomy students

2. NAME : YASIR AHMAD
C.NO : 64
SEMESTER : 2ND
DEPARTMENT : AGRONOMY
ASSIGMENT : 08
DEGREE : M.SC (HONS) AGRONOMY
SUBMITTED TO : PROF. DR.
INAMULLAH

3. Explain the Process of Seed Germination in Dicot and
Monocot seed.

4. Outlines
• Introduction
• What are dicot and monocot seeds?
• Structure of a seed
• Germination process in dicot seeds
• Germination process in monocot seeds
• Conclusion

5. Introduction
• Seed germination is the process
by which a seed develops into a
new plant. It is an essential
process for plant growth and
reproduction. Understanding the
process of seed germination in
dicot and monocot seeds is
important because it can help us
to improve crop yields
and develop new plant varieties.
• In this presentation, we will
explore the process of seed
germination in dicot and
monocot seeds, and discuss the
differences between them.

6. What are dicot and monocot seeds?
Dicot and monocot seeds are two types of
flowering plant seeds.
Dicot seeds have two cotyledons or seed leaves.
Examples of dicot seeds include beans, peas,
and sunflowers.
Monocot seeds have only one cotyledon.
Examples of monocot seeds include corn,wheat,
and rice.
The difference between dicot and monocot
seeds is important because it can affect the way
they germinate and grow. For example,
monocots tend to have a single embryonic leaf,
while dicots have two. This can affect the way
they absorb nutrients and water from the soil.

7. Structure of a seed
A seed is made up of three main parts: the
embryo, endosperm, and seed coat. The
embryo is the young plant that will
eventually grow into a mature plant. The
endosperm is a source of nutrients for the
developing embryo. The seed coat is a
protective layer that surrounds and protects
the embryo and endosperm.
Understanding the structure of a seed is
important because it can help us to
understand how seeds germinate and grow.
For example, the seed coat needs to be
broken or softened in order for the embryo
to emerge during germination.

8. Germination process in dicot seeds
The germination process in dicot seeds begins
with imbibition, which is the absorption of
water by the seed. This causes the seed to swell
and soften, which in turn activates enzymes
within the seed. These enzymes break down
stored food in the endosperm, providing energy
for the emerging plant. Finally, the radicle, or
embryonic root, emerges from the seed and
begins to grow downward into the soil.
Understanding the germination process in dicot
seeds is important because it can help us to
optimize conditions for seed germination and
improve crop yields. For example, ensuring that
seeds have access to adequate moisture and
warmth can promote successful germination.

9. Germination process in dicot seeds
Stage 1: Imbibition:
Water enters the seed through tiny pores.
The seed swells, causing the seed coat to crack.
Enzymes become activated.
Stage 2: Radicle Emergence:
The radicle (embryonic root) emerges first.
It grows downward, anchoring the seedling.
Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

10. Stage 3: Cotyledon Development:
• Cotyledons (seed leaves) develop next.
• They emerge above the ground, providing energy and nutrients to the growing plant.
• Photosynthesis begins.
Stage 4: Shoot Development:
• The shoot develops above the cotyledons.
• The stem elongates and forms leaves.
• The first true leaves appear.

11. Germination process in monocot seeds
Stage 1: Imbibition:
•Water is absorbed through the seed coat.
• The seed swells, activating enzymes.
Stage 2: Coleoptile Emergence:
•The coleoptile (protective sheath) emerges first.
•It pushes through the soil towards the surface.
•It shields the developing shoot.

12. Stage 3: Shoot and Root Development:
• The shoot and the radicle emerge simultaneously.
• The shoot elongates above the ground.
• Roots develop from the radicle and grow downward.
Stage 4: Leaf Development:
• Leaves emerge from the shoot.
• Photosynthesis begins.
• The plant continues to grow.

13. Conclusion
• In conclusion, understanding the process of seed germination in dicot
and monocot seeds is essential for plant growth and reproduction. By
understanding the differences between these two types of seeds, we
can optimize conditions for seed germination and improve crop
yields. We can also use this knowledge to develop new plant varieties
that are better adapted to different growing conditions.
• Thank you for joining us for this presentation on seed germination in
dicot and monocot seeds.