the part of material science - Clay what is clay? classification of clay. stages of clay Clay is an important material. As a building material, it is used. classified in different stages and types. And have many uses as mention in presentation.

1. Clay
Y K Baheti
Department of Chemistry

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Clay
• Characteristics
• Composition
• Classification
• Stages of clay
• Application
• Reference

3. What is clay??
• Clay are aluminosilicates, being composed of
alumina( Al2 O3) and silica (SiO2) that contain
chemically bound water.

4. • Characteristics of clay:-
– After the addition of water they become very
plastic, these is also known as hydro plasticity.
– Clay fuses or melts over a ranges of temperature.
– Layered structure
– Contain common impurities (usually oxides of
barium, calcium ,sodium, potassium and iron)
– Most common example is
• Kaolinite clay [Al2 (Si2O5 )(OH) 4]

5. • Kaolinite clay [Al2 (Si2O5 )(OH) 4]

6. Composition of clay..
• Some non plastic ingredients ,some non clay minerals include
flint, or finely ground quartz and flux such as feldspar.
• The quartz is used primarily as a filter material, being
inexpensive, relatively hard, and chemically unreactive.
• The feldspars are a group of aluminosilicate materials that
contain K+, Na+, and Ca2+ ions

7. Classification of clay
• Clays are classified as
• White wear
• Structural clay products

8. •The stages of clay refer
to the different amounts
of water mixed with the
minerals .

9. Slip clay is clay that has 25% clay to 75% water.
Uses:-
1. As a glue when connecting two pieces of
plastic or leather hard clay together.
2. As a decoration, when different colored slips
are painted on a pot, it will leave a chalky
painted design.
3. As a way to cast ceramic items in a
mold. This is usually done in production
work, like the plates and mugs.

10. Plastic clay is a mix of 50% clay to 50% water.
Uses :-
1. Used when you are hand-building
with clay. Pinch pots, coil pots, and wheel
throwing are all done.
2. It is easy to mold, and can be
connected together by scoring and
slipping.

11. Leather hard clay has 75% clay to 25% water in it.
Properties:-
1. Leather hard clay can be connected together by
scoring and slipping, but you do need to score
aggressively to get the pieces to stay together.
2.Leather hard clay is hard and cold to the touch ,
if you have a slab of clay and lift it up, it
will not sag down.
3.the clay will crack if you try to bend it.
Uses: Carving or subtractive sculpture techniques

12. Bone dry clay is the final stage before the clay is fired.
Bone-dry clay has 100% clay to 0% water.
Properties:- 1. In this stage you cannot do any additive
method, but you can do some limited subtractive work.
2.Bone-dry clay will crack and break if pushed too hard,
and is very fragile to the touch.
3. These are also called as “Greenware”.
R e c l a i m i n g
C l a y i n a
b u c k e t o f
w a t e r

13. Clay must be fired in a Kiln to make it permanent. The
kiln heats the clay up to 2000 degrees to fusethe
minerals in the clay together. When clay comes out of
the kiln after it’s first firing, it is called “Bisqueware”.
Bisqueware will not melt into
slip if placed in water, and is
ready to glaze.

14. Application of clay
• Clay is also used in many, such as paper
making, cement production, and chemical
filtering.
• clay's absorption capacities in various
applications, such as the removal of heavy
metals from waste water and air purification.

15. • Kaolin clay and attapulgite have
Been used as anti-diarrheal medicines.
• Cosmetic uses
Bleaching clay is used as anti-ageing .
Clay is also used in shampoo ,deodorants, tooth
paste , facial mask ,bug bite
Clays are also used for burns, food poisoning ,
detox bath, cuts and scrapes .

16. • clay is used for making pottery,
both utilitarian and decorative, and
construction products, such as bricks, wall and
floor tiles.
• earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain.
• Modeling clay are most commonly
used for making models .

17. Referance
• Introduction to material science and
enginering
-Callister
www.google.com
www.wikipedia.com