philosophers Voltaire, john lock, jean Jacques Rousseau Montesquieu

1. History Of Europe
Role Of Philosophers In French Revolution

2. Present by
students of BS English (Morning)
Semester-2
Session 2017-21

3.  French Revolution
Revolution of 1789
Period 1787–1799
CAUSE-THREE TYPES OF SOCIETY
PRIVILEGE CLASS AND
UNPRIVILEGED CLASS
Peasants-status

4.  Philosophers
Montesquieu
-He was advocate as well as judge
-believed that all powers should not be --
concentrated on one person’s hand
-Jan 18,1689-Feb 10, 1755
-Belongs to a noble family
-Great Political Philosopher
-Reinforce his literary achievements about social
issues
-outlined constitutional monarchy
-Famous work-spirit of law-1748
-he criticized monarchy and accepted democracy
parliamentary democracy

5. THREE TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
-Ideal monarchy-experienced people should be
there for help and discussed matter with king
-Dictatorship-all powers centralized with king
dictator-create terror and make people his
slaves
-Democracy-take care of people
ordinary man can be a leader of people

6. Voltaire
-Francois Marie Arout-Nov 21,1778-May 30,1778
-Attack Catholic Church-authority of church
-Man’s destiny is in his own hands
-Fight against privilege class
-‘Ridicule’ written work-cause him jail
-‘Candid’ his book-monarchy and religion were main
subjects
-limited monarchy
-He said, 'I would prefer, to be ruled by one lion than
by hundred rats.‘

7. -take concern to local politics
-Eastern commission 1762-sermon on stealing and
drunkenness
-he did not prefer or like mob rule-terror
-One man of all qualities- He was poet, journalist,
author, historian and scholar of law
-for 60 years he remained an intellectual leader in
France.

8.  John Locke (1632-1704)
An English Philosopher and Physician
Lived during the English civil war
Father of Liberalism
Opposed the divine right of King
Largely Anti-authoritarian
Tabula Rasa

9. Supported individual’s natural right
Two treatises of Government
A new social contract theory
Wrote an Essay concerning Human understanding in
1689
Great influence on the Declaration of Independence
Influenced the French Enlightenment thinkers

10. Denis Diderot (1713-1784)
A French Philosopher and Writer
Idea:
All things in the world must be studied
without worrying about anyone’s feelings
Major work Encyclopedia(28 Volumes 20,000 copies)
Encyclopedia was complete cycle of knowledge
which change the general way of thinking

11. Explained new ideas on Government,
Philosophy and
Religion
Spoke out against slavery
Encouraged freedom of speech and education
to everyone,
not just the wealthy
Goal was to change thinking
Pope threatened to excommunicate

12. Others philosophers
Marquis De Condorcet
French Mathematician and Political
scientist
Olympe de Gouges

13. Thank You