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講者:李冠良(浸會大學當代中國研究社會科學碩士)
講座地點:香港人文學會 / 講座日期:2020年2月20日
左:卡爾.巴甫洛維奇.布留洛夫《大公夫人葉蓮娜.巴甫洛夫娜的肖像》(1829)
中:伊萬.菲利波維奇.圖佩列夫《洗禮儀式》(1800)
右:阿列克謝.阿爾希波維奇.列昂諾夫《上升二號》(2006)
 從法律界轉到組織《藍騎
士》等藝團
 熱抽象:富於激情的色彩
精靈找到精神的象徵
 俄式「新造型主義」
(Neo-Plasticism):不像
Matisse般強調主觀控制力,
也不熱衷於簡潔
(Minimalism),反而喜歡
憑直覺及想像,讓像音樂
般和諧地共鳴著的色彩成
為幫助回憶情感的手段。
 美術學家Hajo Duechting
把康丁斯基按照藝術特徵
劃分為六個時期:
 初期 (莫斯科1866年-1896年)
 變形 (慕尼黑1896年-1911年)
 抽象的突破 (藍騎士 1911年
-1914年)
 赴德學藝拒絕列寧畫派蠶
蝕:
▪ 俄羅斯間奏曲 (1914年-1921年)
▪ 點,線和面 (包浩斯 1922年-
1933年)
▪ 生物的抽象 (巴黎 1934年-1944
年)
Wassily Kandinsky, 1923, Several Circles
(包浩斯時代創作)
 變形 (慕尼黑 1896年-1911年):Post-
Impressionism
左:Murnau, Dorfstrasse (Street in Murnau, AVillage Street),
1908
右上:Houses in Munich, 1908
右下:Murnau, train & castle, 1909
甚麼是「藍騎士」?
 「藍騎士」(1903)也許是康丁斯
基在1900年的最初十年裡的最重要
作品。
 畫中一名騎士身披藍色斗篷,身跨
白馬,飛速穿越一片山地牧場。騎
士和馬匹在草地上落下的陰影是深
藍色的。畫的前方有很多散亂的藍
色陰影,可能是沒畫出來的樹影。
 藍騎士在繪畫中占有突出的地位,
但沒有明確的定論,馬的步態不自
然(康丁斯基想必知道)。事實上
有人認為騎士身攜一孩子,同樣也
可以認為騎士還有另外一個陰影。
 康丁斯基把騎士畫成一群色彩的組
合,而並不注重細節。「藍騎士」
與現代畫家的作品相比沒有特別卓
著之處,但是它顯示了過不了幾年
後康丁斯基所要走的方向。 Wassily Kandinsky, 1903, The Blue Rider (Der Blaue
Reiter), oil on canvas, 52.1 x 54.6 cm, Stiftung
Sammlung E.G. Bührle, Zurich
 抽象的突破 (藍騎
士 1911年-1914年)
 康丁斯基在《藍騎士年鑑》發表的
文章和同年撰寫的論文《論藝術的
精神》幾乎在同一時期問世,對抽
象藝術來說既是衛護,又是推進。
文中還論證了所有形式的藝術都具
有到達某種精神高度的同等能力。
他相信在繪畫中,色彩可以作為一
種自主的東西,游離於物體或者任
何其它形態的視覺描述而獨成一體。
另外,他還有一部名為《點、線、
面》的藝術理論著作。
右上:Murnau, train & castle, 1909
右下: Squares with Concentric Circles, 1913
 俄羅斯間奏曲 (1914年-
1921年)
 “The sun melts all of
Moscow down to a
single spot that, like a
mad tuba, starts all of
the heart and all of the
soul vibrating. But no,
this uniformity of red is
not the most beautiful
hour. It is only the final
chord of a symphony
that takes every colour
to the zenith of life that,
like the fortissimo of a
great orchestra, is both
compelled and allowed
by Moscow to ring out.” In Grey, oil on canvas 129 х 176 sm, Paris,
Musee National Art Moderne, Centre
Georges Pompidou
 點,線和面 (包浩
斯 1922年-1933年)
 Constructivism
 Suprematism
 1923年組成「Die
BlaueVier」 (Blue
Four):成員亦有
Paul Klee、Lyonel
Feininger及Alexej
von Jawlensky
Wassily Kandinsky, 1903, OnWhite II
 生物的抽象 (巴黎 1934年-1944年)
 Composition IX, 1936
 莫斯科人的家
庭非常喜歡飲
茶,此習慣牢
牢地紮根於沙
皇時代貴族和
商人的品味生
活中。
 Family
Portrait,
(Created in
1844),
Timofey
Yegorovich
Myagkov
(1813 – 1865)
 場景發生在東正教堂內,
以聖像壁為裝飾。鋪著
天鵝絨、放聖像的誦經
桌為畫面增添了東正教
彌撒禮儀和禱告的色彩。
作品由鮮艷的紅、白、
藍、綠和金色構成,形
成了鮮明的對比。明亮
的顏色突出了衣物上蠟
燭的火焰所反射的暖光。
此幅畫作中色彩活潑、
筆觸流暢,體現了沙龍
學院派藝術的特點。
 Girl Placing a Candle
before an Icon (聖像前放
蠟燭的姑娘) (Created in
1842), Grigory Karpovich
Mikhailov (1814 – 1867)
 原始藝術、現實主義、農業勞動糧食產品為題材、構圖略顯粗略和愚笨
 「『麵包』是祖國的母親,是我所親愛的,是糧食、管弦樂、管風琴樂、合唱
歌聲之源……」{ Moscow Food, Loaves of Bread (Created in 1924), Ilya Ivanovich
Mashkov (1881 – 1944)
 Portrait of Alexei Maximovich
Gorky (Created in 1936), Isaak
Izrailevich Brodsky (1884 –
1939)
 「社會主義現實主義」
(Socialist Realism):創建偉大
新社會秩序的激昂
 作家Alexei Maximovich Gorky去
世後,畫家Isaak Izrailevich
Brodsky在石印作品基礎上創作
了此幅「革命風暴預言者」的
肖像油畫。
 畫中後景呈現動感:海水拍打
懸崖起的白浪、陽光照射的烏
雲、飛翔的海燕 — 在這樣的背
景下,詩人昂首眺望遠方。
 Portrait of Alexei
Maximovich Gorky
(Created in 1936), Isaak
Izrailevich Brodsky (1884
– 1939)
 作品繼承了俄羅斯新古老
主義擴大肖像畫的表現手
法,同時並確立了在各類
禮堂、主席台等場合懸掛
的領袖、軍事長官、政治
局成員肖像畫的創作標準。
 Bluebells (Created in 1945),
SergeyVasilyevich
Gerasimov (1885 – 1964)
 1945年5月9日:衛國戰爭
勝利日(The Moscow
Victory Parade of 1945 ),
以風鈴草的樸實野花作擺
設來紀念蘇軍抗納稅德軍
的故鄉之愛。
 「我仍記得,大家在廣播
中一聽到這個消息後,紛
紛從莫斯科藝術家協會跑
到馬雅科斯基廣場,然後
又一起飛奔到紅場……」
 Portrait of a Chinese Girl
(Created in 1956), Andrei
Andreevich Mylnikov (1919
– 2012)
 當時畫家在中國教學,乃出
差之旅創作
 省略複雜細節:專注人物手
和臉的對比。
 「我總是希望直接從模特兒
中走出來,走向從年輕時就
藏在靈魂深處對美麗的認
識。」
 徐悲鴻:勸蘇俄以國畫氣
韻履補列寧畫派欠和諧之
缺陷當時畫家在中國教學,
乃出差之旅創作
 1930年一次於北京紅磚美術館舉辦之
《莫斯科國畫聯展》中,徐悲鴻規勸
「Voks」(The Foreign Exchange
Association of Soviet Union)會長Mr.
Aroseff及俄羅斯人要明白國畫是一種和
諧中庸、海納百川的創作媒介,絕不會
以視覺形式表現Bolshevism及帝國主義
的野心來麻醉其他意識形態不同的異見
之士。
 徐悲鴻:勸蘇俄以國畫氣韻履補列寧畫派欠和諧之缺陷當時畫家在中國教
學,乃出差之旅創作
 Autumn Rains (Created in
1974),ViktorYefimovich
Popkov (1932 – 1974)
 創作意念:在1836年春天,
詩人亞歷山大.謝爾蓋維
奇.普希金(1799-1837)
將他的母親埋葬在聖山修
道院的墓地,而一年之後,
詩人也在小黑河決鬥後,
和母親安葬在一起。
 把詩人描繪成依偎在畫家
家中涼台:與古人神交
 1975年於俄羅斯蘇維埃共
和國藝術展覽中首次展出
 ArtAsiaPacific (reported on Issue 77 of
Mar/Apr 2012):
 Based in Macau since 1992, this Russian-
born artist has become a fixture in the local
art scene. In 2007, he even represented
the SAR at theVenice Biennale, where he
exhibited copies of works by the 18th-
century Venetian painter Canaletto —
commissioned from the art reproduction
market in nearby Zhuhai, a city just north
of the Macau-China border. Bessmertny,
who was born in Russia’s Amur Oblast
province, across the river from China’s
northeastern province of Heilongjiang,
claims an affinity with his adopted home,
with its architectural and social diversity.
Despite his quips about Macau’s tightfisted
government, which he says hoards its
gambling revenue rather than investing in
cultural development, Bessmertny asserts
without hesitation: “Macau is my favorite
city in Asia.”
 10 Chancery Lane Gallery – Casino Republic Series
 Left: Allegory ofJustice N.V,Contract Enforcement & Coercion of Constrain
(2012-2014)
 Right: Gambling for Living.Casino Republic (2014)
 10 Chancery Lane Gallery – Casino Republic Series
 Left: I Admit the above. Casino Republic (2014)
 Right: L’Etat, C’Est Moi! CanSmoke & Free Noodles (2014)
 10 Chancery Lane Gallery –Transformation of Chow
Chun Fai’s Style Series
 Le Charme Discret (remake) – 2009
 10 Chancery Lane Gallery –Transformation of Chow Chun Fai’s Style
Series
 Remake.This is not Kulturnyi in the Afternoon – 2011
 33 Degree – 2013
 10 Chancery Lane Gallery –Transformation of Italian
Renaissance Series
 Causarum Cognitio. Philosophicus – 2009
 10 Chancery Lane Gallery – Kowtowing to PRC Hegemony Series
 Left: Swimming Before Breakfast N.VI – 2014
 Middle: ChinaTrade Painting N.1 (after Georges Chinnery) – 2014
 Right: E. meetsW. Revenge of Green Dragon – 2014
 甄巍 著:《現代美術.鑑賞導引系列
2》。香港:三聯書店 (香港)有限公
司,2001年1月第一版第一次印刷。
 Galerie Le Createur, “Together –We
Explore, Explain & Appreciate the
World of Arts – Book 1”, 1st Edition in
2011, Hong Kong, Boarder Less
 澳門藝術博物館 主編:《斯國斯民.
俄羅斯國立特列季亞科夫畫廊精品展
概覽》。澳門:澳門藝術博物館,
2019年1月。
 Stephen J. Lee, “Aspects of European
History 1789-1980”, 1st Edition in 1982,
Reprinted in 1987, London, Routledge
 徐悲鴻 原著、王震 選編,《徐悲鴻論
藝》。上海:上海書畫出版社,2010
年1 月第1版。

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