3. Learning Outcomes
Distinguish the different types of speech style
Differentiate one style from the others
Portray and present an act requiring the use
of the different types of speech and speech
styles
4. • Intrapersonal communication is
defined as a person’s communication
with himself or herself. In other words,
it is communication with oneself.
• Intrapersonal communication means
“communicating to one’s own self.”
• Intrapersonal communication may
also come in different forms like
writing one’s thoughts as in a journal
or diary, where one’s thoughts and
observations are written, making
gestures while thinking, reflecting on
events that have transpired, etc.
• Internal discourse involves thinking,
concentration, and analysis, as in the
example given above when a person
analyses a situation. Daydreaming is
considered under this level.
5. The hand account is an
indispensable necessities of life.
It is used to record what is
happening in your daily life.
The hand account is an
indispensable necessities of life.
It is used to record what is
happening in your daily life.
The hand account is an
indispensable necessities of life.
It is used to record what is
happening in your daily life.
Known to Self Not Known to Self
Known to Others 1 OPEN 2 BLIND
Not Known to Others 3 HIDDEN 4 UNKNOWN
6. 1. Open Area or Area
of Free Activity
This refers to behaviour
a n d m o t i v a t i o n t o
ourselves and others. This
i s t h e a r e a o f
communication which
contains the information
that a person knows about
himself and which others
know.
2. Blind Area
This is where others can see things in
us of which we ourselves are unaware.
In this area, a person communicates
information he is not aware of
through his actions, facial expressions,
mannerisms, and other non-verbal
clues from which others derive
inferences or conclusions.
7. 3. Hidden Area or
Avoided Area
This represents the things one
knows about himself, but of
which the group or others do
not know about or unaware
of. For one reasons or another,
he keeps this information
from them. Examples are
one’s ideas, dreams, feelings,
and experiences which he
keeps as secrets from others.
4. Unknown Area
The area of unknown activity points
to that area where neither the
individual nor others are aware of
certain behaviour or motives. Yet
we can assume their existence
because eventually some of these
things become unknown, and we
then realize that these unknown
behaviours and motives were
influencing relationships all along.
8. Interpersonal communication refers to that communication in
which persons are engaged directly with each other in the overt
and covert transmission and reception of messages.
9.
10.
11. Dialogue.
• A dialogues is a type of dyadic encounter where two
persons exchange significant ideas about a topic
interesting to both of them, or simply where they converse
because they enjoy each other’s company.
• One example of an informal encounter is when two friends
meet in the mall, and talk for a while. On the other hand,
an example of a formal dialogue is when a sales agent
purposely meets his client or a lawyer with his client for an
appointment.
12. Conversation.
It is a friendly and informal talk between two people.
Distinctly because of its social informality, conversation is
less purposive, less serious, and less inmate. A good
conversation is informal with no purpose and aim; flexible
because both parties have freedom in expressing ideas;
interesting since it involves the use of human interest details;
relaxing since it is tension-free; and worthwhile because
topics should be important and substantial.
13. • It involves two or more people.
• It is continuous
• It need not be face-to-face.
• It is transactional.
• It is irreversible
• It involves verbal or nonverbal cues.
• It is affected by noise.
• It involves feedback.
14. • Public communication, also known as public speaking is a
communication between a speaker and a group of people
called the audience in a structured, deliberate manner.
The number of people in the audience may range from a
few, as in a teacher discussing his lessons to his students
in a class, to thousands or even millions of listeners as in
the State of the Nation Address (SONA) of the president.
15. This means that as a speaker, you should focus on your
audience and analyse what they need. A good speaker
should see to it that his or her message is understood.
a.Know the social composition of the audience.
b.Know the audience’s attitude toward the speech.
c. Know the audience’s attitude toward the speech purpose
d.Know the audience’s attitude toward the speaker.
16. Some of the social make-up of an audience are age, sex, race,
family status, economic status, economic status, occupation,
religion, and even politics. The following information will help
you in analysing your audience.
It is important to know if the listeners will be interested in the
topic or will be apathetic about it because it will greatly influence
their perception of a speaker’s speech.
17. If possible, the speakers should give his best effort to know what
the majority thinks about his or her purpose for speaking to
them.
The attitude which the audience will have toward the speaker
may be based on the latter’s reputation in the past. Perhaps, it
may be the first time the audience are hearing him or her speak
that they may base their perception and evaluation of the
speaker from his or her behaviour during the speech.
18. Critical thinking defined as the process of quantitatively and
qualitatively assessing the information people have
accumulated, and how they use that information to solve
problems and new patterns of understanding. In public
communication, critical thinking occurs when the audience
or the listeners accumulate the ideas imparted to them by
the speaker, assess whether the information given is valid,
decide what to believe, form their judgment and apply the
new learning.
19. Every speaker is expected to behave ethically. Ethics is
defined as a set of moral principles or rules of behaviour that
determines what is right or wrong. As a speaker, you are
morally obliged to be ethical, meaning you should be truthful
in everything you say.
20. Public speaking is empowering because it puts the speaker in
a position where he can control the situation. Thru public
speaking, he is able to develop his ability to think critically,
and to influence the behaviour and attitude of other people.
21.
22. It is the most popular group discussion. It is an
informal but organized conversation in front of a
larger audience. It is an exchange of thought
among several participants of usually about three
to four or more. A panel discussion can be used to
discuss topics which are too complex to be taken
by just one person, that several people are
involved.
23. It is a single discourse or speech given by an expert
before an audience. It is an effective medium of
public discussion meeting used in imparting
information to the audience. It is a fifty-to-sixty
minute presentation where the audience is given a
chance to participate after the lecture. It is a
discussion type because its purpose is to instruct,
to inform or to impart and to provide the audience
a clear idea about the topic that needs to be
communicated.
24. Forum like debate is another type of public
discussion meeting. It is a participation of the
entire group after a planned program of discussion
or lecture has been held and the balance of the
time is turned over to the group for comments,
questions, and exchange of ideas. It is a public
meeting place for open discussion or voicing of
ideas, such as a newspaper or a radio or television
program.
25. This is a meeting or conference for a discussion of
a topic, especially one in which the participants
form an audience and make presentations. It is a
series of individual presentations which address
different aspects of a single topic, and which is
usually followed by questions from the audience. It
is from a Latin word which means “a drinking
party”, a party where the host served his guests
fine wine.
26. Debate is an exchange of thoughts or arguments
by two opposing teams. It is a means of
encouraging people like students as you, to think
critically and to express your views or opinions
about a topic. Just like any other small group
discussion type, debate has an objective or goal,
and that is for the opposing teams to persuade or
convince the audience that their ideas are right or
are more acceptable than the other.
27. This is a form of academic discussion where
participants agree on a specific topic to discuss and
debate. Each person is given equal right to
participate, as illustrated by the idea of a circular
layout referred to in the term round table.
1. What is intrapersonal communication? Have you ever encountered a situation in all your life when you happened to talk to yourself?
2. Talking to oneself in front of a mirror and thinking out loud are two instances of intrapersonal communication.
Since intrapersonal communication takes place or exists within the mind, making plans or decisions is also intrapersonal communication, as are smiling to oneself after a job well done or telling yourself to stop doing certain things which you know are harmful to you.
3. There are different levels involved in intrapersonal communication: internal discourse, solo vocal communication, and solo written communication.
1. Likewise, in this area, one is most effective in his communication with others because there is open and free exchange of information between oneself and others.
2. Quadrant 2: Blind Area
4. This is the area of further discovery or surprise. Individuals with greater part of this area seem to withdraw from contacts with others, avoid personal disclosures or involvement and thus project an image that is rigid, aloof, and/or uncommunicative. It blocks the way for discoveries of yourself and one tends to be the most skittish (playful,nervous) individual.
1. It ensues between or among speech participants in a direct, person to person or face-to-face transaction. It is typified as either dyadic (dyadic) or small group communication.
b.Small group may involve three persons having chitchat in their yard, a committee of five persons planning for their homecoming activities, or a meeting of any problem-solving group, faculty meeting, classroom discussions, panel interview, and etcetera. Interpersonal communication then is a direct person-to-person or face to face interaction between or among individuals.
In this type, the speaker can be a listener; and a listener can be a speaker, in return. This is the most intimate form of dyadic communication; it is where the deepest and most personal relationships are formed and sustained. This type is mostly an informal dyadic encounter, although there are some that may occur formally.
Summarily, dyadic communication at the conversational level is a form of social entertainment. Man engages in conversation for the pleasure it gives. Hence, it is based on a short-term contact; while dialogue assumes a sustained relationship.
1. Interpersonal communication involves two or more persons who may be part of a group. You have learned that in this process, people involved in this types exchange ideas, information, and feelings.
2. b.When a person is with someone even though they are not talking, communicating continues because messages can still be sent through nonverbal signals. For example, you attend a party and is introduced to another guest. You start exchanging ideas for a few minutes, then there is a lull. Would you able to tell if that person is still interested in talking to you? Would you be able to observe that in his or her nonverbal cues? Your next move will depend on your observation, right? That is because even without verbal signals, communication continues.
3. c.As what has been discussed in the prior paragraphs, interpersonal communication need not be face-to-face because this type of communication can be mediated or aided by technology like cellphones or computers.
4. Interpersonal communication is transactional because each person involved in the process gains something. It can be knowledge, experience, etc.
5. What has transpired during the communication process cannot be taken back or ignored. For example, in a meeting, a heated argument ensued between participants and they lost control of the situation. They may feel remorse after and apologize to each other and be friends again, but what happened cannot be changed.
6. Communication is not just words but gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, body movements, and other nonverbal signals. Nonverbal cues are actually considered powerful, because even without words, they can mean a lot.
7. Noise can come from different sources. It can come from the sender himself, the receiver, or the surroundings. And whatever type of noise there is, it would affect any communication.
8. For the communication to be complete should involve feedback, be it verbal or nonverbal.
This type of communication makes use of a one-way monologue style and generates a minimal feedback. Normally, the aim of the speaker in this type of communication is to inform, entertain, persuade or convince, or to influence the audience to act, or to patronize a product or to avail of a service. The audience in this type of communication may be invited or not. But if done in private settings, this type of communication is intended for a particular group of people and therefore the audience are deemed to be invited.
1.You may be eloquent and make use of nonverbal signals to aid you in your delivery, but doing so does not guarantee that your listeners will be able to absorb whatever information you want them to understand.
There are many things you can do in advance to make sure that achieve your desired outcome in delivering your speech. The following information will help you in analysing the type of audience you will have.
-Age – are they children, adolescent, teenagers, young adults, middle-aged, old or a mixture of all?
-Sex – are they all men, women, or are there more men or more women or mixed?
-Religion – what religion do they belong to? Are they Catholics, Protestants, Iglesiani Cristo, or other denominations?
-Race – are they Filipino or foreigners? Do they belong to an ethnic group or are they a mixture of different races?
-Educational status – are they elementary, high school or college students? Or are they graduates, etc?
-Occupation – do they have a job or jobless? Are they running a business of their own? Are they housewives or retired employees or workers?
-Family status – are your audience composed of single people, married, separated or mixed?
-Economic status – are they wealthy, middle class, etc.?
-Politics – are they from the same or different political parties or mixed?
-Membership – are they members of organizations, clubs, labour unions, etc.?
2. If they are students and are there only to comply with a requirement their teacher gave them, or employees who are required by their boss to attend the event, it is more of a possibility that they will not be as interested compared to those who are attending for the purpose of learning something new.
c. If the purpose of his or her speech is to solicit donations or ask of favour for an organization, and s/he finds out that many of the members of his or her audience are minimum wage earners, s/he should think of a way to provide variations in his or her convincing style to persuade them. After all, no speaker wants a hostile audience.
d. t is imperative therefore for the speaker to consider being friendly and of course preparing his or her speech will to earn the respect of the audience. In so doing, any negative attitude that the audience might have toward the speaker will be replaced by a positive one.
If you are a speaker, it is always good to remember that not all audience are friendly or neutral. There will be a time that you may encounter a hostile one. A hostile audience is an unfriendly audience that openly opposes or resists an idea or information presented by a speaker. If you find yourself caught in this predicament, do not panic. In such a case, maintain a friendly attitude toward your audience and display modesty and a good sense of humour. You may also compliment your audience but do not overdo it. Extend compliments only when they deserve them. But once in a while, you may establish a common ground with them by agreeing with some of their points and showing them that you are genuine in your concern for their well-being.
The audience must be highly active listeners so that they can observe, infer, argue, and decide which among the information being given can be accepted and be considered true and valid.
Base your conclusions on clear evidence. Recognize your sources and be ready to show them in case a member of the audience questions your point. More so, show respect for your audience by not being antagonistic, not using insulting words nor embarrassing any of them. Respect their time too. The genuineness of your actions will show in the tone of your voice, yourfacial expressions and your actions.
By mastering his public speaking skills, he is able to communicate the information he wants to convey, and is able to make his listeners accept, believe and embrace his arguments.
By mastering his public speaking skills, he is able to communicate the information he wants to convey, and is able to make his listeners accept, believe and embrace his arguments.
A chairman presides and introduces each of the members or participants who are facing the audience. The chairman also briefly introduces the topic to give the audience an idea as to what the issue is about. The panel members address the issues to one another, and discuss until the end of the time limit. The chairman then summarizes the issues after the program terminates and may entertain questions from the audience.
A chairman always presides the lecture, tells the audience what the topic is about, and introduces the speaker. The speaker or lecturer must choose a method or strategy s/he can use to match the learning process of the audience. A good method is to make sure that s/he begins with the simple to complex, general to particular, etc. This way, the speaker can be sure that everyone in the audience will be able to learn from his or her presentation.
A moderator, experts and the audience are what comprise a forum. The audience becomes the participants, with the moderator and the experts motivating the audience to participate. The expert discusses or speaks about the topic and welcomes questions at the end of his/her lecture or speech form the audience who become the participants.
Three or four members who are considered authority on a particular topic are seated in front facing the audience. Similar to panel discussion and forum, a symposium has a chairman who is one among the guests to explain what the topic is about. The objective of a symposium is to instruct or to inform. The audience may or may not be allowed to ask questions.
Are you familiar with the question, “Which comes first – the chicken or the egg?” This is a statement that is commonly used as an example of a debatable issue where contenders are made to make use of their critical thinking and to present or cite evidences or proofs that they are right.
It is similar to a panel discussion group, where the audience are seated face-to-face around a table, but it is without a larger audience and a moderator or chairman.
