About Brick - definition, manufacturing process, classification, types and Brick Masonry - terminology, types of bonds. ( Stretcher, Header, English and Flemish)

1. Brick
Presented by Kajal Selani

2. A brick is building material used to make walls,
pavements and other elements
in masonry construction.
Traditionally, the term brick referred to a unit
composed of clay, but it is now used to denote any
rectangular units laid in mortar.
Bricks are produced in numerous classes, types,
materials, and sizes which vary with region and time
period, and are produced in bulk quantities.
About
Brick

3. How are they
made?
 Bricks are made from wetting clay which you press it into
a mould and then bake the clay in an oven until it is hard.

5. Classification
of Bricks

6. First Class
Bricks
 These are thoroughly burnt and or of deep red, cherry
color.
 These should be free from flaws ,cracks and stones.
 The surface should be smooth and rectangular ,with
parallel ,sharp and straight edges and square corners
 These should have uniform texture
 Water absorption should be 12-15% of its dry weight
when immersed in cold water for 24 hours.
Uses :
 These bricks are recommended for pointing, exposed
facework in masonry structures.

8. Second
Class Bricks
 These are supposed to have the same requirements as
the first class bricks
 Small cracks and distortions are permitted.
 A little higher water absorption of about 16-20% of its
dry weight is allowed
 The crushing strength should not be less than 7.0
n/mm^2.
Uses :
These are recommended for all masonry works

9. Third Class
Bricks
These are under burnt.
They are soft and light colored producing a dull sound
Water absorption is about 25% of dry weight
Uses:
It is used for building temporary structures

10. Fourth Class
Bricks
These are over burnt and badly distorted in shape and
size and brittle in nature.
Uses:
 The ballast of such bricks is used
for foundation and road metal.

11. Common brick: it is a general multipurpose unit
manufactured economically without special reference
to appearance.
Facing brick: these are made primarily with a view
to have good appearance and texture
Engineering bricks: these are strong impermeable
smooth.
Manufacture:
Handmade: these bricks are hand molded .
Machine made: depending upon mechanical
arrangement, bricks are known as wire cut bricks.

12. Types of
Bricks

13. Solid: small holes not exceeding 25% of the
volume of the brick are permitted
Perforated: small holes may be exceed 25% of
the total volume of the brick
Hollow: the total of holes which need not be small,
may exceed 25% of the volume of the brick
Cellular: holes closed at one end exceed 20% of the
value

14. Solid Block Perforated Block
Hollow Block

15. Brick
Masonry

16. The art of laying bricks in mortar in a
proper systematic manner gives
homogeneous mass which can withstand
forces without disintegration, called brick
masonry

17. Terms

18. Terms
The surfaces of a brick have names:
Top and bottom surfaces are beds.
Ends are headers and header faces.
Sides are stretchers or stretcher
faces.

19. Brick size

20. The coordinating dimensions are a measure of the
physical space taken up by a brick together with the
mortar required on one bed , one header face and one
stretcher face.
The working dimensions are the sizes to which
manufacturers will try to make the bricks.

21. Frog
The depression provided in the face of a brick during
its manufacturing.
Depth of frog in a brick should be 10 to 20mm
Frog should be upward. Why?

22. Course
Each horizontal layer of bricks laid in mortar in any brick
work is called coarse.
Mortar Joints
Mortar placed horizontally below or on the top of a brick is
called a bed. Mortar placed vertically between bricks is
called a perpend.

23. Bats
The portions mad by cutting standard bricks across
their width are known as brick bats.
These are named according their fraction of full length
of a standard brick.

24. Closers
The portions made by cutting across their length in such
a manner that their one stretcher face remains uncut or
half cut.

25. Quoins
The external corners of walls are called quoins
The brick which form the external corner is known as
quoin brick.

26. Requirements
The usual functional requirements of a masonry wall
include:
i) Adequate strength to support imposed loads
ii) Sufficient water tightness
iii) Sufficient visual privacy and sound transmission
iv) Appropriate fire resistance
v) Ability to accommodate heating, air conditioning,
electrical, and plumbing equipment
vi) Ability to receive various finish materials
vii) Ability to provide openings such as doors and
window

27. Bonds
The arrangement of bricks in brick work so that the vertical
joints do not come over each other.
Bonds in brick work is provided to achieve a united mass
as soon as practicable to suit the length, height and
thickness of brick work and stresses to which it is
subjected.

28. Brick
Bonds
Common types used are:
i. Stretcher Bond
ii. Header Bond
iii. English Bond
iv. Flemish Bond

29. Stretcher
Bond
Only used for walls of half brick thickness (partition wall) ,
this is the only practical bond which can be used on a wall
of this thickness. To break the vertical continuity ½ brick
closer is provided in alternating courses

31. Header
Bond
Header Bond also known as Spanish bond was a very
common bond for bearing walls. It is composed of header
bricks, set in rows that are offset ¾ of a brick as a quoin
brick in alternating courses, which produces a solid easy to
lay bond.

33. English
Bond
The strongest bond
This bond maximizes the strength of wall
Pattern on the face of the wall shows distinctive courses
of headers & stretchers.

35. Flemish
Bond
 Not such strong as English bond
 Decorative pattern on face of the wall shows alternate
headers & stretchers in each with the headers centered
under and over stretchers in adjacent courses.