A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO CHARGING TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE IS GIVEN

1. CHARGING IN ELECTRIC
VEHICLES(EV)
Presented By
URMILA S
DEPT OF ECE
SJCE MYSURU

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. WORKING OF CHARGING STATION
3. TYPES OF CHARGING
4. WIRELESS CHARGING
5. SOLAR CHARGING IN EV’S
6. CONCLUTION
7. REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
• In 2017 ,Indian Government Pushed A Major Policy Of Selling At Least 6-7 millions of
Ev’s In India By 2020. They Are Planning To Sell Only Ev’s By 2030
• But many experts in automobile industry criticized this plan and said it might fail.
• Only reason they stated, is lack of infrastructure, and majority lack of ‘charging stations’.
• Indian government is really trying push electrical vehicle in our ecosystem. But people
are reluctant to buy electric vehicles.
• Reason why people are not buying electric vehicles is “Range Anxiety”.

4. • Range anxiety is worry on part of a person driving an electric car that the battery
will run out of power before the destination is reached
• Here, in this charging stations play important role.
• Electric charging station is an element in an infrastructure that supplies electrical
energy for the recharging of electric vehicles, such as plug-in electric vehicles,
including electric cars, plug-in hybrids etc.
• Charging stations are inevitable part of electric vehicle ecosystem.
• In case of India ,with road network of 54,72,144 kilometres country needs nation
wide network of charging stations for electric vehicles as government is planning
to sell only EV’s by 2030.

5. WORKING OF CHARGING STATIONS
• Electricity from the grid is delivered as alternating current (AC) but the EV require direct
current (DC).A rectifier needs to sit between the grid and the battery to convert one to the
other. For home and third party public charging this AC-to-DC conversion is done by
EV’s on-board rectifier. AC current at charge port is converted to DC for the battery by
the rectifier.
• Supercharges deliver high voltage, high current DC electricity directly to the EV’s battery,
bypassing the on-board rectifier. This allows the supercharger to push electricity into the
battery as fast as the battery can take it – typically ten times faster than home charging

7. Types of charging

8. Level 1- Home charging

9. Level 2 – Home charging
• Level 2 charging for electric vehicles is rated at 240 volts.
• Additional hardware is required for this type of charging.
• On the purchase of an electric vehicles, some manufacturers
will install an AC wall-box charger at the customer’s home
and in some cases the place of work as well, either free of cost
or otherwise, in order to enable level 2 charging.
• With the use of this, an electric vehicle can be fully charged in
as early as 6 hours or a little over, depending upon the
battery capacity

10. Level 2 - Public charging
Universal
Plug
“J-1772”
(Tesla provides
adapter)

11. LEVEL 3 / DC FAST CHARGING

12. SUMMARY

13. Wireless charging techniques
• Wireless charging of electric vehicles
relies on resonant magnetic induction to
transfer energy between a charging pad in
the floor and another pad on the underside
of the vehicle. ... This could include
highway sections with embedded charging
transmitters that charge the batteries of
passing vehicles while driving.

14. Wireless charging roads
• Several automotive, utility and infrastructure
companies are testing technology that promises to
allow electric cars, buses and trucks to charge on
the move. The process, known as dynamic
charging, involves under-road pads that wirelessly
transmit electricity to receivers mounted underneath
cars and, for some larger vehicles, overhead wires
like those used by trans.

15. NORWAYS CHARGING ROADS
• Norway’s capital city of Oslo will be the world’s first metropolitan area to install wireless,
induction-based charging stations for electric taxis, in a bid to make a zero-emission cab
system by as early as 2023.
• To pull off the taxi charging system, Norway is tapping Finnish utilities firm Fortum,
which is working with US company Momentum Dynamics and the municipal government
of Oslo to install charging plates in the road that connect to energy receivers in the
vehicles themselves
• The goal is to make it as easy as possible to charge electric taxis

16. • Using induction, which is more energy efficient, the taxis can be charged as they wait in
what’s known as a taxi rank, or a slow-moving queue where cabs line up to wait for
passengers.
• The project aims to install wireless charging using induction technology. Charging plates
are installed in the ground where the taxi is parked and a receiver is installed in the taxi.
This allows for charging up to 75 kilowatts.
• The project will be the first wireless fast-charging infrastructure for electric taxis
anywhere in the world, and will also help the further development of wireless charging
technology for all EV drivers.
• Fortum Charge & Drive has long been working with the taxi industry to enable
electrification of the taxi fleet.

17. Vehicle - to -Vehicle charging
• V2V charging allows the
sharing of charge between
two EVs so that if an EV is
stranded far from a charging
station, it can be charged
from another EV.

18. • The mutual inductance between two resonant coils is a key parameter
for high power and efficient transfer of power.
• With a limited number of charging stations this technology can be
used to increase charging opportunities through vehicle-to-vehicle
(V2V) charging.

19. Solar charging in EV’S
• The combination of solar energy and
electric vehicle (EV) charging is the key in
drastically reducing our dependence on
fossil fuels.
• Electricity comes from a variety of
sources and it’s crucial that electric
vehicles will be powered by renewables.

20. • Electric cars are becoming immensely popular and coming years we
expect nearly anyone who owns a solar energy system will install a
solar charging station at its home.
• For this to happen we’ll need a fundamental change in how we think
about refuelling our cars and a natural evolution of our energy
infrastructure.

21. On-Grid solar charging stations
• A grid-tied solar energy system is the most straight forward way to charge your electric
car with solar energy. A grid-tied solar energy system will feed the power to the grid,
regardless of whether your home needs the power at that moment or not. So when your
solar energy system is feeding to the grid, and you are at your office, the electric power
generated at home is sold to the utility company. You’ll get that power back from the
utility company in the form of a credit. When you come back from work and park your
car at home, you can use that credit to re-charge your car at home.
• A conventional electric vehicle charger that is connected to the grid “will almost always
be cheaper” than an Off-Grid charger that stores the power in batteries.

22. Off-Grid Solar charging station
• An Off-Grid electrical car charger can also be named "Electric Vehicle Autonomous
Renewable Charger" There’s no connection to local utilities required. The solar panel
array will feed the battery energy storage system and the entire power needs are drawn
from this storage system. Off-grid electrical car chargers can be placed virtually
anywhere, as there’s no need for a connection to the electrical grid. The independent solar
array canopy catches quite some wind, and for that reason a solid foundation is required.
Some off-grid solar energy chargers have a heavy steel base plate that functions as ballast.
Those are extremely easy and quick to install, as no foundation or digging is required.

23. • Most electric car owners will
completely charge their EV batteries at
night at their homes. Therefore for most
solar charging stations, the objective is
not to fully charge an electric car, but to
allow several cars to “top off” their
batteries.

24. Components needed for a solar charging
station
• EV charger
• Solar panel array, installed on roof, ground or canopy
• Battery energy storage system (ESS, in case of an Off-
Grid Solar energy charging station)
• Solid foundation, in case of a stand-alone solar
charging canopy (Often used: a steel base plate that
functions as ballast, so no foundation is required,
simplifying the installation).
• Intelligent software

25. CONCLUSION
• Increasing the number of public charging stations is a must. Home and office charging are
dominant charging forms. However, also the public charging infrastructure must keep pace with the
current mass introduction of electric vehicles.
• Develop smart charging systems - V2G. This means that electric vehicles are considered as part of
the energy system. In this way, locally produced electricity (solar or wind power) can be stored in
the batteries of the electric cars and if demanded reinserted into the grid. This can balance irregular
local production of electricity and also effect imbalances of the grid in general.
• Noticing that electricity comes from a variety of sources, including dirty fossil fuels, and now is
the time to push for renewables to take its place. Solar charging stations for home and commercial
use will play a major role in powering electric vehicles with renewable energy.

26. REFERENCE
1. Morris Brenna,Federica Foiadelli,Carola Leone, Michela
Longo“Electric Vehicles Charging Technology Review and Optimal
Size Estimation ”Springer – 2018
2. https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/car-news/electric-vehicle-
charging-types-times-explained-charging-stations/1768675/
3. https://sinovoltaics.com/learning-center/electric-vehicles/solar-
charging-stations-electric-vehicles-evs/
4. https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/21/18276541/norway-oslo-
wireless-charging-electric-taxis-car-zero-emissions-induction

27. video
• https://youtu.be/oVEuOtRLNzc

28. THANK YOU