Environment science

1. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(3110007)
Dr Ujas Pandya
Assistant Professor
GEC Gandhinagar

2. Subject&
code
01 Environmental Science
(3110007)

3. 02
TeachingScheme
Teaching Scheme
L (Lecture)
2
T
(Tutorial)
2
P
(Practical)
0
Examination Marks
Theory
Marks
2
T
(Tutorial)
2
P
(Practical)
0

4. 03
Module
or
Topics
1. Introduction to Environment
2. Environmental Pollution
a) Water Pollution
b) Air Pollution
c) Noise Pollution
d) Solid Waste Management
e) E –Waste : Generation and Management
f) Bio medical Waste: Generation and
Management
3. Global Environmental Issues
4. Basic Concept of Green
Building and Smart Cities
3. Concept of 4 R’s

5. 04
TeachingHrsandModuleWeightage
Sr. No Topic OR Module Teaching Hrs Module
Weightage
1 Introduction to Environment 02 8%
2 Environmental Pollution 14 44%
3 Global Environmental Issues 06 24%
4 Basic Concept of Green
Building and Smart Cities
04 16%
5 Concept of 4 R’s 02 8%

6. 05
CourseOutcomes(CO)
CO
1
CO
3
CO
2
CO
4
Identify the types of
pollution in society along
with their sources
Realize the global
environmental
issues
Conceptualize the
principles of Green
Buildings and
Smart cities
Implement the concept
of recycle and reuse in
all fields of
engineering

7. Chapter
Name
1 Introduction to Environment
2 Chapter
Name
Water Pollution
3
Chapter
Name
Air Pollution
4 Chapter
Name
Noise Pollution
5 Chapter
Name
Solid Waste: Generation and Managment
CONTENTS

8. 6 Chapter
Name
Biomedical Waste: Generation and
Management
7 Chapter
Name
E Waste: Generation and Management
8 Chapter
Name
Global Environmental Issues
9 Chapter
Name
Basic Concept of Green Buildings and Smart
Cities
10 Chapter
Name
Concept of 4 R’s

9. CHAPTER:1
Introduction to Environment

10. Topics to be covered
1.1 Environment
1.2 Ecology
1.3 Ecosystem
1.4 Environmetal Science
1.4.1 Scope Of Environmental Science
1.5 Components of Environment
1.6 Interaction between different
components of environment

11. 1.7 Environmental Pollution
1.8 Impact of human on Environment
1.9 Environmental Degradation
1.9.1 Sustainable Environment
1.10 Environmental Education
1.11 Role of Environmental Engineer
1.12 Importance of Different
Engineering Discipline
Topics to be covered

12. • Definition: The Term Environment is derived from French word “ Environment” that
means to encircle or surround.
• External surroundings and conditions which directly or indirectly affects the living
organisms
Two types:
Biotic (Living things) Abiotic (non living things)
• Biotic Environment is made up of all living organisms (plants, animals and
microorganisms)including their reactions, interactions and interrelated actions.
• Abiotic Environment (Physical Environment): it is composed of external physical
factors like temperature, humidity,water, soil gases, minerals etc.
1.1 ENVIRONMNET

14. • Ecology: The Term Ecology is derived from two words “ oikos” meaning house, habitation or
place of living and “ logos” means to study.
• Definition: It is the study of the interrelationship between living organisms and their physical
and biological environment.
• Physical environment: light or heat, solar radiation, wind, oxygen in soil, water and
atmosphere.
• Biological : organisms of all kind , plants, animals
• Ecosystem: made up of two words “ eco” means environment and “ system” means
interacting and interdependent complex.
• Definition: The organisms of any community besides interacting among themselves, always
have functional relationship with the environment. This structural and functional system of
communities and environment is called ecosystem.
1.2 ECOLOGY 1.3 ECOSYSTEM

15. HIERARCHEY OF ECOLOGY LEVELS

16. Difference between EGO and ECO which creates unbalanced ecosystem which
leads to Environmental pollutions and ultimately it will harmful to all living things
and non living things that is whole ecosystem.

17. 1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
2
3
1
Scientific study of earth, air
water, living organism and man
with his impact on Environment
It involves multidisciplinary
interacting disciplines.
It involves biology, botany,
zoology, microbiology,
biotechnology etc.
Basic concepts of physics,
Chemistry, Geology,
Oceanography helps to know
physical and chemical structure
4
5
Mathematics, statistics, computer
science act as effective tool for
environmental modelling and
management.
Sociology and Economics helps us
to understood socio-economics
aspects involved with
environmental activities.
6

19. COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT

20. 1.5 COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT
1. Atmosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Lithosphere
4. Biosphere

21. Components of Environment:
Environment mainly consists of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. But it
can be roughly divided into two types such as (a) Micro environment and (b) Macro
environment. It can also be divided into two other types such as (c) Physical and (d) biotic
environment.
(a) Micro environment refers to the immediate local surrounding of the organism.
(b) Macro environment refers to all the physical and biotic conditions that surround the
organism externally.
(c) Physical environment refers to all abiotic factors or conditions like temperature, light,
rainfall, soil, minerals etc. It comprises of atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere.
(d) Biotic environment includes all biotic factors or living forms like plants, animals, Micro-
organisms.

22. 1) Atmosphere:
• The cover of the air, that envelopes the earth is known as the
atmosphere. Atmosphere is a thin layer which contains gases like
oxygen, carbon dioxide etc. and which protects the solid earth and
human beings from the harmful radiations of the sun.
• Major gases Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (0.9-1.0%) and
Carbon dioxide.
• There are five concentric layers within the atmosphere, which can
be differentiated on the basis of temperature and each layer has
its own characteristics.
• These include the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere,
the thermosphere and the exosphere

23. 1
2
3
4
5
Structure of Atmosphere:
Troposhere Lower portion of atmosphere. Extends up to 8 km at poles and 16 km at
equator. Temperature decreases at the rate of 5-70 C/km.
Stratosphere It is above troposphere extends upto 50-55 km. upto 20km temp.
remains constant than increases with increase with height.( Ozone
layer)
Mesosphere Layer above stratosphere. Extends up to 80 km.
temp. decreases slowly with altitude but upto -750 C.
Thermosphere Temp. increases with height. Due to
absorption of solar energy. (Charged
particles knowns as ionosphere)
Exosphere
Above the ionosphere.
Extends up to 2000km
above the earth(very high
temp.>12000 C.

26. 2) Hydrosphere
Called as Water Environment.
70% of earth covered by water
Available in seas, oceans, rivers
glaciers etc.
Hydrosphere contains 1360 million
cubic km of water (97% in oceans and
seas, 2& glaciers)
Only 1% available as fresh
water for human consumption.
Save water

27. 3) Lithosphere
Outer soil crust of the earth
known as lithosphere
Living organisms, plant and
vegetation supported by it.
It contains resources like minerals
organic as well as inorganic matter.
Plays an important role for food
production.
Decomposition of organic
waste carried out by
microorganisms of soil.
Save Earth

28. 4) Biosphere
Thin outer crust of the earth includes all
living organisms and their environment.
Extends from the lowest sea bed level to
about 24 km of the atmosphere.
Consist of all three spheres
Life supporting resources available
here.
All waste products discharge here.
Biosphere suffering from stress
due to disturbances in the
environment.
High impact of human on
environment.
Save Environment

29. 1.7 Environmental
Pollution

30. 1.7 Environmental
Pollution
• Environmental Pollution can be defined as any
undesirable change in the physical, chemical or
biological characteristics of any components of the
environment( Air, water, soil) which can cause
harmful effects on various forms of life or
property.
• Pollutant is any substance released into the
environment as a result of human activity or
natural processes that has an adverse impact on
living organisms.

31. TYPES
OF
POLLUTION
1) Air Pollution
2) Water Pollution
3) Noise Pollution
4) Land Pollution
Other types of Pollution
1) Light Pollution
2) Thermal Pollution
3) Radioactive pollution
4) Plastic Pollution ( new)

32. Causes of Man made
environmental Pollution :
1) Rapid Industrialization
2) Population Growth
3) Unplanned Urbanization
Rapid Industrialization
Population Growth
Unplanned Urbanization

33. Environmental degradation is defined as the
overall lowering of environmental qualities due
to the damages caused by both natural events
and human activities in the basic structure of
environment, which is adversely affecting all
living organisms including man.
Alarming rate pf population growth followed by
increasing standard of living has put excessive
pressure on all natural resources.
Examples Of natural events :Volcanic eruption,
forest fires earthquakes, floods
Examples o human activities: Forest fire,
releases of toxic gases from automobiles,
power plants and various industries.
Environmental
Degradation

34. P
Environmental
Degradation
P
P

36. Environmental
Education
To study the factors influencing ecosystems,
mental and physical health, living and working
conditions and pollution
To increase awareness and sensitivity of total
environment
To improve attitude towards environment
To Increase knowledge of environment
To provide motivation for environmental
protection
To increase participation and to develop a sense
of responsibility and urgency regarding
environmental problems and take actions to
solve the problems

37. Realizing the importance of environmental education the supreme court of india has
directed all national organizations like UGC which regulated higher education in India to
offer environmental education as a paper in the curriculam or syllabus of various degree
courses.

38. 1.9.1. Sustainable Development
It is the development that meets
the needs of the present without
jeopardizing the needs of future
generations.
• Over increasing population
• Rapid Industrialization
• Environmental Degradation
• Ecological Imbalance
Defination
Reasons
• Control of pollution
• More n more use of renewable
energy
• Recycling and reuse concept
• Using cleaner fuel technologies
Steps
to
be
taken
Tools
• Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA)
• Environmental Management
systems (EMS)
e.g. ISO 14001

39. 1.11 Role of
Environmental Engineer
Waste Management
Water Supply
Solid Waste Disposal
Land Management
Industrial Hygiene
Toxic Material Control
Storm water Management
Public Health and Safety
Radiation Protection
Air Pollution and Air quality control
Working with public safety board
Advocates for Environmental policies

40. Environmental Science
Multi disciplinary Subject
Mechanical Engineering
Automobile Engineering
Civil Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Instrumentation and
Control Engineering
Computer and IT
Biomedical Engineering
Metallurgy

41. Impact of Technology
Positive Negative

42. THANK YOU