2. • Economic life and wants are very simple. e.g
food, clothing and shelter were very essential
wants.
• Property was owned by community not by
individuals .
• Barter was the rule. Society was custom bound
and traditional oriented.
• Economic ideas were contained in the book of
religion, philosophy, ethics and politics.
• For instance, usury was prohibited not because of
economic point of view but religious view.
• The political, economic and ethical values being
little differentiated and was dominated by moral
values.
4. INTRODUCTION:
The word Hebrew has been associated with the word
Hiberu and Apiru.
In Bible Hebrews are regarded as (Tankn) & many
scholars have regarded Israelites.
The term Hebrew occurs both as a name given to the
Children of Israel by other peoples, and one used to
refer to themselves.
Israelites are defined as the descendants of Jacob, son
of Ismayeel , grandson of Abraham.
5. By religion they were Jews and their langue
was also Hebrew.
They organized themselves around their
extended families and head of a family with a
sense of self rule.
The fertile areas were scattered around
mountains and other rough land.
Many small independent city states
developed. They built walled towns to protect
themselves.
6. JUSTICE:
The saw revenge as necessary for justice. An eye for an
eye, Tooth for a tooth etc.
CLASSICAL HEBREWS:
The Israelites were the early ancestors of the Jewish
people.
They were the first people to believe in one God rather
than many Gods.
They carried their scared box into battle ,believing that
it would brings divine intervention and victory for them.
The first 5 books are called The Torah.
7. RELIGIOUS SIDE OF ANCIENT HEBREWS:
The concepts of fairness and justice were
promoted under the Hebrew code of Law
Most Israelites were farmers or herders.
Canaan was also in a good location for trade
Egypt, Africa and Mesopotamia were trading
partners.
The most important product that Canaan
traded was purple dye made from sea shells.
8. THE LAND OF CANAAN:
Canaan 1200s was a thinly populated
land.
Hebrews also lived in towns known as
Jeresalem.
Some Hebrews practied agriculture and
some became trademen.
9. • Custom tradition and authority restricted the
freedom of choice, economic enterprise, and
growth of entrepreneur.
• They underestimate the role of labour in
production. Community lived as self sufficient
units.
• Production was consumption only.
10. • Characteristics:
• Economical, political and philosophical ideas
were intervened.
• They looked upon all industry other than
agriculture.
• The main goal of social regulation was to
maintain the social equilibrium. There was no
active social planning.
• Economic ideas:
• Interest
• Their prophets condemn lending upon usury.
• Lending of money at interest to stranger was
allowed.
• They were asked to show mercy in case of loan to
poor. They were not allowed to charge high
interest from poor.
11. • Commerce and just price: their prophet made
many laws about weight and measures.
• They had legislation to curb monopolistic ideas.
• Hoarding of food grains was not allowed.
• Labor: they realize the dignity of labor, but pride
of place was given to agriculture labor
• Payment was made in kind.
• They have made to safeguard the interest of
labor.
• Agriculture and industry: civilization was
essentially agrarian.
• Sabbath: it was a weekly day of rest it is the social
invention which was not Greece and Rome.
12. • The organiozatin of society was tribal:
• Moses tried to prevent inequality of wealth.
13. Assignment # 1
• Search the Economic history of Ancient
Civilization by Quran .
