This lecture cover the development of innovations.

2. Innovation-Development
Consists of all the decisions, activities, and their
impacts that occur from recognition of a problem,
through research, through development, and through
commercialization of an innovation.
Process occurs through diffusion and adoption of the
innovation by users to its consequences

3. The Innovation-Development Process
1. Recognizing a Problem or Need
2. Basic and Applied Research
3. Development
4. Commercialization
5. Diffusion and Adoption
6. Consequences

4. Recognizing a Problem
Perceived future problems
Agenda-setting (often associated with a system)
Creating a “need”
Supplying a “need”

5. Basic and Applied Research
Basic research is original investigation designed to
advance scientific knowledge.
Does not have a specific objective
Knowledge base for technological innovations often
derives from basic research

6. Basic and Applied Research
Applied research consists of scientific investigations
that are intended to solve practical problems.
Applied researchers are the main users of basic
research
Often look toward technological advancements to solve
problems

7. R&D Workers
Technology – a tool for solving a need or problem
Serendipity – accidental discoveries
Adhesive that does not stick very well to paper does
not make a good tape adhesive
What does it make?

8. Development
Based closely on research
Process of putting a new idea in a form that is
expected to meet the needs of an audience or
potential adopters
Anticipation of problems of other individuals and/or
organizations that will be adopters

9. Development
Information Exchange
Crucial component of development process
Much effort goes into information-exchange
Most of development process is information-
exchange in the face of a high degree of uncertainty

10. Commercialization
The production, manufacturing, packaging,
marketing and distribution of a product that embodies
an innovation
Conversion of an idea from research into a product
or service for sale

11. Diffusion and Adoption
Most crucial choice of the process: When do we
begin diffusing?
Pressure to diffuse as soon as possible
Pressure from stakeholders
Pressure from R&D
Pressure from social system

12. Consequences
Change that occurs to an individual or social system
as a result of the adoption or rejection of an
innovation

13. The “Process”
Is not always linear
Does not always include each step
Time is not always the same for each stage