This document discusses different types of systems. It outlines four common classifications of systems: 1) physical and abstract systems, 2) open and closed systems, 3) formal and informal information systems, and 4) computer-based information systems. It then provides details on two types of computer-based information systems: management information systems (MIS) and decision support systems (DSS). MIS are used to generate predefined reports for management, while DSS help managers make decisions by retrieving, summarizing, and analyzing relevant data.

1. TYPES OF A
SYSTEM
S Y S T E M A N L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
PRESENTED BY-
SWAPNIL WALDE
B.Com(Computer Application),
LL.B. (Faculty of Law, University of Delhi)

2. System has been classified in different ways. Some popularly
known classifications are
1.Physical and Abstract System
2.Open and Closed System
3.Formal and Informal Information System
4.Computer Based Information System
•Management Information System (MIS)
•Decision Support System (DSS)

3. PHYSICAL SYSTEMS are tangible entities that may
be static or dynamic in operation.
Static systems are those systems in which each entity has its own
physical existence, which can be seen, touched and counted.
For example, the physical parts of the computer center are the offices,
desks and the chairs that facilitate the operation of the computer.
They can be seen and counted.
In contrary, Dynamic system responds to various demands made by the
user.
Data, program, output and specification changes as the user demands.

4. ABSTRACT SYSTEM are conceptual and non-physical
entities.
Or in other words, Abstract systems are used for describing data and data
relationships in accordance with concept.
They may be straight forward as formula of relationship among the set of
variables.
The main objective of abstract model is that it seems to be easier for the
analyst to visualize relationship among the system under study and
point out the components and interrelationship among them.

5. OPEN AND CLOSED SYSTEM
An open system is a state of a system, in which a system continuously
interacts with its environment.
Open systems have many interfaces with environment.
It permits interaction across boundary.
It receives input from and delivers output to the outside world.
It visualizes organizations taking inputs such as raw material, labour, capital and
competitive information from the larger environment.
Operations are performed on the input and combined with the managerial process to
produce desirable results which are distributed back to the environment.

6. A CLOSED SYSTEM is a system in the state of
being isolated from the environment.
Or in other words, A closed system is the one which do not
interact with the environment i.e., it has no input or output.
Whatever environment surrounds, the closed system do not the
change, or if it does, a barrier exist between the environment and
the system to prevent the system from being affected.
It is often used to refer to a theoretical scenario where perfect
closure is an assumption, however no system can be completely
closed; there are only varying degrees of closure.

7. FORMAL AND INFORMAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
A formal information system is based on the organization represented by the
organization chart.
An organization chart is a flow chart that identifies the organizational element of a
business and displays areas of responsibility and lines of authority.
It is the responsibility of top management to define and to update the organization chart.
It is concerned with the pattern of authority, communication and work flow.
Formal system follows certain formalities i.e., they follow a step by step
procedure.
An informal information system do not follow formalities. If is an employee based
system, designed to meet personnel and vocational needs and to help solve work related
problems. It also funnels information upwards through indirect channels. In this respect, it
is a useful system because it works within the boundaries and framework of the
business and stated policies.

8. COMPUTER BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM (CBIS)
These days information system relies on computer for the storage, retrieval of
data.
Computer are used to make business application.
These days system analysis heavily relies on computer to solve the business
problem.
Major categories of CBIS available these days are :
•Management Information System (MIS)
•Decision Support System (DSS)

9. Management Information System (MIS)
A management information system is an information system application that provide
for management oriented reporting.
These reports are usually generated on a predetermined schedule and
appears in a predefined format.
An MIS is a set of computer based system and procedure
implemented to help managers in their crucial job of decision
making.
The actual process will involve the collection, organization, distribution and storage of
organization wide information for managerial analysis and control.
MIS is a person machine system and highly integrated grouping of information
processing functions designed to provide management with a comprehensive picture
of specific operations.

10. Management information system is made up of 3 components :
•Management : Emphasizing the ultimate use of such information system for decision
making.
•Information : Information highlighting on processed data rather than the raw data
and in the context in which managers and other end users use it.
•System : System emphasizing a fair degree of integration.
Examples of MIS are :
•Inventory Reporting
•Sales Forecasting
•Sales Reporting
•Financial Reporting
•Salary Analysis

11. Decision Support System(DSS)
A key factor in a use of decision support system is determining what information is
needed.
DSS advances the capabilities of MIS. It assist management in decision making.
All type of DSS help managers to answer the question relevant to a decision situation.
The question may be complex, simple and after somewhat simplistic.
A DSS is an interactive computer based system intended to help managers to make
decisions.
A DSS helps a manager to retrieve, summarize and analyze decision
relevant to data.

12. The origin of the term is simple :
•Decision : Emphasizes decision making in problem
situation, not in information processing, retrieval or reporting.
•Support : Requires computer aided decision situations with enough
“structure” to permit computer support.
•System : Accentuates the integrated nature of problem solving,
suggesting a combined man, machine and decision environment.

13. THANK YOU