Managment Information System report

1. Management
Information System

2. 1
A Report On:
MMaannaaggeemmeenntt IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn SSyysstteemm
Prepared For:
SSiirr ZZaaiinn uull AAbbddiieenn
Prepared By:
AAbbdduull LLaattiiff ((1122001144110011))
SSyyeedd TTuuffaaiill HHaaiiddeerr ((1122001144117777))
MMuuhhaammmmaadd WWaasseeeemm ((1122001144113366))
MMuuhhaammmmaadd WWaassiiff AAzzeeeemm ((112200114411
DATED:
1122tthh
,, NNoovveemmbbeerr,, 22001155

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TABLE OF CONTENT
S.NO TOPICS PAGENO
1 THE CITY SCHOOL OVERVIEW 1
2 THE CITY SCHOOL FACILITIES 1
3 MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM 2
4 THE SOURCE OF MIS DATA 3
5 OBJECTIVES OF MIS 4
6
TYPES OF MIS
TransactionProcessingSystems
DecisionSupportSystems
School InformationManagementSystems
Human Resource Management
Executive InformationSystems
Office AutomationSystems
5-7
7 ADVANTAGES 8
8 DISADVANTAGES 9
9 REFERENCES 10

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THE CITY SCHOOL OV
Established in Karachi in 1978, The City School is today one of the largest private
school networks in Pakistan with branches in all the major cities across the country. It
currently has 195 schools in 54 cities with over 60,000 students and 8000 employees.
The City School continues to expand its reach to meet the demands for quality
education. The knowledge and skills-based curriculum derived from the UK national
curriculum guides students from Nursery to Cambridge International Examinations
(for the 16 and 18 year age group), qualifying them for the IGCSE, and O and A Level
examinations. The uniform implementation of the curriculum gives parents, students,
and teachers the advantage of a smooth and efficient transfer from one school to
another within the system.
THE CITY SCHOOL FACILITIES
 Purpose-built Campuses
All purpose-built campuses provide the essential academic and recreational facilities.
 Laboratories
Science laboratories are equipped with modern scientific equipment to facilitate practical
work necessary for senior examinations.
 Computer Labs
State-of-the-art computer labs provide access to advanced interactive technology
throughout our schools at all stages. Students are acquainted with Information and
Communications Technology at grass-roots level. The latest software as per the
requirements of IGCSE curriculum is also available for students.
 Libraries
Our well stocked libraries support the curriculum and the reading programmers in our
schools while encouraging students to carry out research at home.
 Music
Music is offered as a subject at various levels and is an important component of our Early
Years Programmers
 Art
Art is the medium of instruction at primary level and is also thoroughly enjoyed by
students at the middle school level.

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MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
A Management Information System (MIS) is a systematic organization and presentation of
information that is generally required by the management of an organization for taking
better decisions for the organization. The MIS data may be derived from various units of the
organization or from other sources. However it is very difficult to say the exact structure of
MIS as the structure and goals of different types of organizations are different. Hence both
the data and structure of MIS is dependent on the type of organization and often
customized to the specific requirement of the management.
The meaning of MIS is well represented by consists. “Management” the information system is
built for management and not for the operational staff. “Information System”- an
information system that takes care of sourcing, organizing and managing the required
data and presenting in the desired formats that may be useful in a context and for a purpose.

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THE SOURCE OF MIS DATA
MIS data is generally summarized from the day-to-day operational data of the organization.
Most part of the MIS database is collected from different subsystems of the
organization. The subsystems may be Human Resource System, Production Management
System, Finance System, Sales Management System, Project Management System etc.
The above illustration shows how the critical management information flows from every unit
of organization to a centralized management information system. It will be interesting to
note that there can be some “management information” from the “information
management unit” to the “management information system” too Some types of MIS data
are also collected from sources external to the organization, such as competitors’
data, which may be obtained from different websites in the Internet.

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OBJECTIVES OF MIS
The goals of an MIS are to implement the organizational structure and dynamics of the
enterprise for the purpose of managing the organization in a better way and capturing the
potential of the information system for competitive advantage.
Following are the basic objectives of an MIS:
 Capturing Data: Capturing contextual data, or operational information that will
contribute in decision making from various internal and external sources of organization.
 Processing Data: The captured data is processed into information needed for planning,
organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling functionalities at strategic, tactical
and operational level. Processing data means making calculations with the data, sorting
data, classifying data and summarizing data
 Information Storage: Information or processed data need to be stored for future use.
 Information Retrieval: The system should be able to retrieve this information from the
storage as and when required by various users.
 Information Propagation: Information or the finished product of the MIS should be
circulated to its users periodically using the organizational network.

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TYPES OF MIS
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS :( TPS)
These systems process a large volume of routine, recurring transactions. Transaction
processing systems (TPS) deal with computerization of any type of transactions such as
financial transactions (receipts, payments etc.), sales transactions (purchases, sales etc.). The
purpose of TPS is to track the routine activities and automate the day-to-day operations of
specific activities of an organization such as sales, production, payroll etc.
To computerize day-to-day transactions like sales etc., print sales vouchers, prepare daily
reports, summary reports etc. This system intends to reduce manual work and speed up
operations by using computers. At the operational level the tasks and goals are predefined
and the processes are highly structured. There are specific rules on how a pay slip is to be
calculated and specific format on how a pay slip is to be printed. Hence, in most cases,
readymade software packages are available for transaction processing systems.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS: (DSS)
These systems help mangers with the necessary information to make intelligent decisions.
Decision support systems are meant for assisting the decision makers (human beings) in
taking non-standard and complex decisions. Decision support systems use intelligence like
human beings to decide “what if this happens…” Decision support systems are intelligent
systems and similar to expert systems.
Decision Support Systems use data from both TPS and MIS. They also take information
input from other sources such as competitors’ reports, information from websites.
Decision support systems use various scientific methods and statistical calculations to arrive
at better decisions on a given condition.
DSS do not necessarily follow conventional rules. For example, a conventional system can
compute the price of a product based on the cost of production, but it cannot compute the
price of product to be less than the cost of production. But sometimes a decision may be
taken to sell the product at a price lower than the manufacturing cost (thereby
incurring loss) because of competitor’s price. The decision support systems are based on
highly unstructured data. As the problem environment is frequently changing there is
no ready-made decision support software. There are various software tools for advanced

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statistical calculations and presentations. The decision maker may use some of these tools
to fine-tune his decisions.
SCHOOL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (SIMS):
Cover school administration, and often including teaching and learning materials.
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT(HRM).
A human resources information management system supports the daily management and
tracking of employees and recruiting. These systems track some financial elements of human
resources that overlap the accounting and finance system such as payroll, benefits and
retirement, but the human resource system is much more than that. It can streamline
communication between employees and HR by providing an electronic hub for HR policies,
legal compliance notices and mandatory training events. It can automate employee
timekeeping, track work attendance, calculate available and used leave and let employees
request vacation or sick leave, all without a manager's physical involvement. The recruiting
function is also automated through the human resources management system through
resume collection and analysis for identifying qualified potential hires.
EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEMS (EIS)
Executive Information Systems are strategic-level information systems that are found at the
top of the Pyramid. They help executives and senior managers analyze the environment in
which the organization operates, to identify long-term trends, and to plan appropriate
courses of action. The information in such systems is often weakly structured and comes
from both internal and external sources. Executive Information System are designed to be
operated directly by executives without the need for intermediaries and easily tailored to the
preferences of the individual using them.
Executive Support Systems are intended to provide necessary information to Executives and
senior management to take non-routine and strategic decisions. ESS may get input from
TPS of an organization and from other sources and present the information in formats
that may be useful to the senior management to take effective decisions. Thus as we saw
above all these systems including MIS, DSS, ESS etc. are used by the senior management

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to take effective decisions. But there are certain differences between them so far as their
field of application is concerned.
OFFICE AUTOMATIONSYSTEMS (OAS)
Office automation systems use computerized systems to automate any workflow of the
organization. For example, a manual payroll system may be computerized for an automatic
calculation of salaries and other payments. Standard acknowledgements may be
automatically sent by emails. The replies to queries may be standardized and to some extent
automated.
There are many office automation systems such as MSOffice Suite, Star
Office (from Sun Microsystems), IBM Lotus symphony, Open Office etc. Office automation
systems have nothing to do with MIS. But they are used for all types of purposes at every
level. Hence sometimes office automation tools are useful for compiling and
presenting MIS reports.

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ADVANTAGES
The following are some of the benefits that can be attained using MIS
1. Companies are able to identify their strengths and weaknesses due to the
presence of revenue reports, employees' performance record etc. Identifying
these aspects can help a company improve its business processes and operations.
2. Giving an overall picture of the company.
3. Acting as a communication and planning tool.
4. The availability of customer data and feedback can help the company to align
its business processes according to the needs of its customers. The effective
management of customer data can help the company to perform direct
marketing and promotion activities.
5. MISs can help a company gain a competitive advantage. Competitive advantage
is a firm’s ability to do something better, faster, cheaper, or uniquely, when
compared with rival firms in the market.

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DISADVANTAGES
EXPENSIVE
Installing a management information system can be expensive for a company. Information
technology—while cheaper today than previous years—can represent a significant expense,
especially for larger organizations. These systems may also require ongoing support or
upgrade fees, which can represent future fixed cash outflows. Companies must create a
budget to pay for these items to ensure the information system stays current with business
technology. Attempting to integrate these systems with technology currently in use can also
increase expenses.
MAINTENANCE
Companies may need to hire maintenance individuals to help keep an electronic information
system running smoothly. These individuals often need experience in computer science
functions and other business topics. Not only does this increase labor costs, but it also
requires additional training and ongoing education for these individuals. Business
technology can change frequently, creating an environment where companies must have
trained individuals who can properly maintain computers, websites, servers and other
equipment in use by the management information system.
UNEMPLOYMENT
While information technology may have streamlined the business process it has also created
job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. This means that a lot of lower and middle
level jobs have been done away with causing more people to become unemployed.
PRIVACY
Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier and more
convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to
email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public
knowledge.
LACK OF JOB SECURITY
Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since
technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has to be in a constant
learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure.

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REFERENCES
 The CitySchoolhttp://thecityschool.edu.pk/
 StephenHarsh, Management Information Systems
 Laudon and Laudon, Management Information Systems,
 Gorden Davis, Management InformationSystems