The document discusses the major dynasties in India including the Mauryas, Guptas, and Mughals. It focuses on providing details about the Maurya Empire, key rulers like Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka, and the fall of the Maurya dynasty. Some of the achievements during this period included the establishment of universities at Nalanda and Taxila, development of fine arts and architecture, and relatively widespread education across the empire.

2. INTRODUCTION
• Mouryas, Guptas and Mughals are the major
dynasties in India. During the period of these
kingdoms, educational system developed along
with the remarkable achievements in other
fields.

3. Mouryas
• The Maurya Empire was one of the largest empires of the world in its time. It
was also the largest empire ever in the Indian subcontinent (BC 322-185).
• The Mauryan kings were great patrons of the arts and literature, Intellectuals
such as received the continued support of the kings.
• Ashoka did much for the cause of Buddhist literature in his empire.
• The universities of Nalanda and Taxila were set up by the Mauryans.
• Fine arts were cultivated and encouraged. Mauryan architecture is a standing
testimony to the exemplary work done in this period.
• The stupas at Sanchi and Sarnath are among the best Buddhist architectural
marvels of the world.
• The education is fairly wide spread. Teaching continued to be the main job of the
Brahmans. But Buddhist monasteries also acted as educational institutions.
• Taxila, Ujjayini and Varanasi were famous centres of learning.
• The technical education was generally provided through guilds, where pupils
learnt the crafts from the early age.
• About one and half century of Mauryan rule witnessed the growth of economy,
art, architecture, and education.

4. Bindusara
•
• Greatest Mauryan Emperor
• Grandson Of Chandragupta Maurya
• Concern In Invasion
• Kalinga Or Eastern India
• Converted To Buddhism From
Hinduism
• Adopted The Idea Of Ahimsa Ashoka
• BINDUSARA ( 298 B.C-273 B.C )
• Son of Chandra gupta mauriya
• Father of the GREAT ASHOKA
• Also called AMITRA KAADHAN-
killer of enemies
• In his period Ashoka became the
governor of Ujjaini He conquered till
Deccan ..
•

5. CHANDRA GUPTA MAURYA ( 322 B.C-
298 B.C )
• Founder of maurya dynasty
• Origin from MAURYA TRIBE
• Assassinating the last king DHANA NANDHA, he conquered
india.
• Capital:PADALIPUTRA(patna)
• 90%of india came under him
• he is the only king TO COMBINE INDIAN SUB
CONTINENT
• also won selecus nicator,the commamdo of alexander
army,and brought aria,arakosia,kedrosia under him
• nicator also gifted him with 500 elephants
• After the death of his wife he didn’t marry till 40 years of age.
• Later he married greek princess helena

7. CHANAKYA
• Also called koutilya,Vishnu gupta
• Wrote ARTHA SHAASHTRA
• Greatly helped Chandra gupta maurya to build mauryan empire in
India
• First chanakya belonged to nanda dynasty where he was illtreated
and thrown out of the empire by dhana nandha ,in order to take
revenge he trained Chandra gupta maurya to defeat nanda dynasty.
• He gave immunity creating medicines to Chandra gupta maurya
along with food in order to stout and strengthen his body.
• Unfortunately ,,that overdosed food was shared between him and
his wife DHURDHURA when she was pregnant. Chanakya in order
to safeguard the heir of mauryan dynasty tore dhudhura’s abdomen
and safeguarded BINDHUSARA.
• CHANAKYA Wrote ARTHA SAASHTRA It is of 3 parts 180 chapters ,
15 books 1st part: king,queen,kngdom
• 2nd part: rights,crimis
• 3rd part: war,success in politics

8. CHANAKYA

10. ALEXANDER THE GREAT
• Alexander's invasion of India paved the way
for the Mauryan Empire. It helped
Chandragupta Maurya to subtend his imperial
power in the lands and areas that were
previously invaded by the Greeks. After
conquering the majority portion of the
subcontinent.

11. ASHOKA
• ASHOKA THE GREAT ( 273 B.C – 232 B.C )
• Also called DEVANAMPRIYA,PRIYADHARSHI
• Spouse:devi
• Children:mahendran, sanga Mithrai
• They both were sent to SRI LANKA to spread BUDDHIDSM
• ASHOKA THE GREAT With help of buddhist monk UBAGUPTA
or MOGALIPUTTA DHISSA.He joined buddhism.
• CONDUCTED 3RD BUDDHACONFERENCEIN PATNA
• After his death ,,a brahmin commander PUSHYA MITRA SUNGAR
killed the last mauryan king PRAKRUDHAN and hosted the sunga
dynasty in india.
• All his edicts were in BRAHMI language which is a oldest writing.
• Won KALINGAWARin 261 B.C.
• In which, 1500 were killed, which changed his mind to buddhism

13. LITERATURE IN THIS TIME
• 1. Artha saashtra- CHANAKYA
• 2. Indica- MEGASTHENES
• 3. Mudra raachasam -VISAAGA THATHTHAR
• 4. Mahavamsam
• 5. Deepavamsam
• . ARCHEOLOGICAL SAMPLES OF MAURYAN EMPIRE
• As hoka edits in rocks: 14 BIG ROCKS
• 2 ROCKS in kalinga Ashoka edicts in pillars: 7 BIG PILLARS Ashoka
edicts were found by JAMES PRINCEF from EAST INDIA COMPANY
He converted them into PAULI and PRAKRIT language. edicts were
in BRAHMI SCRIPT. ASHOKA’S VICTORY OVER KALINGA:13 TH
ROCK EDICT ASHOKA’S DHARMA:7 TH PILLAR EDICT.

14. ARCHEOLOGICAL SAMPLES OF
MAURYAN EMPIRE
• Ashoka edits in rocks: 14 BIG ROCKS
• 2 ROCKS in kalinga
• Ashoka edicts in pillars: 7 BIG PILLARS
• Ashoka edicts were found by JAMES PRINCEF
from EAST INDIA COMPANY
• He converted them into PAULI and PRAKRIT
language.
• edicts were in BRAHMI SCRIPT.

15. Taxila or Takshashila
• Is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. Located in the Taxila Tehsil of Rawalpindi District
• it lies approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of the Islamabad–Rawalpindi
metropolitan area and is just south of Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
• Old Taxila was an important city of ancient India, situated on the eastern shore of
the Indus River the pivotal junction of the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia .
• it was founded around 1000 BCE. Some ruins at Taxila date to the time of
the Achaemenid Persian Empire in the 6th century BCE, followed successively by
the Maurya Empire, the Indo-Greek Kingdom, the Indo-Scythians, and the Kushan
Empire.
• Owing to its strategic location, Taxila has changed hands many times over the
centuries, with many polities vying for its control.
• When the great ancient trade routes connecting these regions ceased to be
important, the city sank into insignificance and was finally destroyed by the
nomadic Central Asian Hunas in the 5th century.
• In the mid-19th century, British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham rediscovered
the ancient city's ruins. In 1980, Taxila was declared a World Heritage
Site by UNESCO.

16. TAXILA

17. Ujjain
• Is a city in Ujjain district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh
• It is the fifth-largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population and is
the administrative centre of Ujjain district and Ujjain division.
• It is one of the Hindu pilgrimage centres of Sapta Puri famous for the Kumbh
Mela held there every 12 years
• The famous temple of Mahakaleshwar Jyotirl ingais located in the center of the city.
• An ancient city situated on the eastern bank of the Shipra River, Ujjain was the most
prominent city on the Malwa plateau of central India for much of its history.
• It emerged as the political centre of central India around 600 BCE.
• It was the capital of the ancient Avanti kingdom, one of the sixteen mahajanapadas.
• It remained an important political, commercial and cultural centre of central India
until the early 19th century, when the British administrators decided to
develop Indore as an alternative to it.
• Ujjain continues to be an important place of pilgrimage for Shaivites, Vaishnavitesand
followers of Shakta
• Ujjain has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart
cityunder Prime Minister Narendra ModijI ‘s flagship Smart Cities Mission

18. UJJAIN

19. • The masterfully sculpted Ashoka pillars, tower
over the municipal garden in Panjim, Goa,
India. These are one of the last remaining relics
from the Mauryan Empire.

20. • Buddhism - religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha
Gautama (Buddha).
• Dynasty - series of rulers from one family or group.
• Edict - an official ruling, given out by a someone who holds
power
• Empire - group of nations, territories or other groups of
people controlled by a single, more powerful authority.
• Legacy - material, ideas, or history passed down or
communicated by a person or community from the past.
• Mauryan Empire - first pan-Indian empire (321–185 B.C.E.)
• Pragmatics - relation between signs or linguistic expressions
and their users.
• Reign - to rule as a monarch.
• Treatise - argument in writing that includes a methodical
discussion of facts involved in the conclusions reached

21. END OF MAURYA
• The Maurya empire was finally destroyed
by Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BC. Although a
brahmana, he was a general of the last
Maurya ruler called Brihadratha. He is said to
have killed Brihadratha in public and forcibly
usurped the throne of Pataliputra. The
Shungas ruled in Pataliputra and central India.