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The mauryan empire
- 1. ~ NAMAN SHRIVASTAVA MA AIHCA I SEMESTER
- 2. Sources Literary • Arthashastra • Mudrarakshasa • Indica • Pali Texts Archaeological • Rock edicts and inscriptions • Material remains and coins
- 5. • In Buddhist texts such as the Digha Nikaya, Mahavamsa, and Divyavadana, the Mauryas are described as belonging to a Kshatriya clan called the Moriyas, who ruled at Pipphalivana. • The Parishishtaparvan, on the other hand, describes Chandragupta as the son of the daughter of a chief of a village of peacock tamers (mayura-poshakas). • The Mudrarakshasa refers to Chandragupta as being of low social origin.
- 6. CHRONOLOGY OF MAURYAN DYNASTY • 321-297 Chandragupta Maurya • 297-272 Bindusara • 268-232 Asoka • 232-224 Dasaratha • 224-215 Samprati • 215-202 Salisuka • 202-195 Devavarman • 195-187 Satadhanvan • 187-185 Brihadratha
- 7. Chandragupta Maurya • Invasion of Alexander the Great (326 B.C.E) • Nandas defeat (322 B.C.) • Capital – Patliputra • Kautilya Chandragupta’s advisor • Defeated the General Seleucus Nikator(305 B.C.E) • Megasthenese Ambassador • 301 BCE – bhadrabahu – jainism – Sravanbelgola • Unified northern India.
- 8. Chanakya, Kautilya, or Vishnugupta • A teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor. • Chandragupta overthrowing the Nandas with thehelp of a Brahmana of Taxila • Wrote The Treatise on Material Gain or the Arthashastra • Chanakya niti • Thomas Trautmann identifies four distinct accounts of the ancient Chanakya- Chandragupta partnership.
- 9. Bindusar • Patronised Ajivikas • Ambassadors • Succession Conflict • The Mahabhashya names Chandragupta's successor as Amitra-ghata (Sanskrit for "slayer of enemies")
- 10. Ashoka • Battle at Kalinga (265 to 264 B.C.E.)- 8th year • Religious conversion after the gruesome battle of Kalinga in 262 BCE. • Series of edicts • Dhamma • 1837- James Prinsep – deciphered
- 11. Later Mauryas • Lasted 137 years, • slowly disintegrated and died out within 50 • Last ruler- Brihadratha • Assassinated by Pushyamitra- SHUNGA DYNASTY • Reasons : pacifist policy, centralisation, weak successor , Brahamin reaction
- 12. Administration Saptanga theory or Theory of 7 elements of State: • Swamin (King) • Amatya (Ministers) • Janapada (Territory and Population) • Durga (Fort) • Kosa (Treasury) • Bala/sena (Army) & • Mitra (Ally)
- 13. Administrative unit • Chakra( province ) : Rashtrapala /kumara • Ahar/ Vishya/ Mandala (district) : Pradeshika & Rajuka( land revenue) • Sangrahana( group of villages) : Gopa • Gram : Gramika
- 14. Empire Chakra Aahar/ Vishya Sthaniya 800 gram Dronamukha 400 gram Kharvatik 200 gram Sangrahan 100 gram
- 15. Provincial Administration • The capital region of Prachi ( Pataliputra ) was directly administered Four Provinces: • Dakshinapatha (Capital- Suvarnagiri) • Avantirashtraha (Capital- Ujjain) • Uttarapatha (Capital- Taxila) • Kalinga (Capital- Tosali) Governors- Royal Princes
- 16. Municipal Administration Megasthenes: Six committees of five members each. • Related to industrial arts. • Attend to the entertainment of foreigners • Registration of Births and Deaths. • Trade and commerce. • Supervises manufactured articles. • Payment of taxes.
- 17. Revenue • Revenue collection was the responsibility of a collector-general (Samaharta) • supervise all the provinces, fortified towns, mines, forests, trade routes and others • Sannidhata: (Chief treasury officer) was responsible for keeping a record of the tax revenues.. • Source- Agriculture • Lands owned by the king, forests, mines and manufacture and salt, on which the state held a monopoly
- 18. Military Under Senapati According to Megasthenes: divided into 6 committees of 5 members each. • Supervision of Naval fleet. • Supervision of War materials. • Infantry. • Cavalry. • Chariots. • Elephant corps
- 19. Inscriptions • Edicts scattered in more than 30 places in India, Nepal, Pakistan, & Afghanistan. • Written mostly in Prakrit, Greek and Aramaic. • Script- Brahmi & Kharoshti • advocating peace and the pursuit of dhamma • Two titles—Devanampiya (beloved of the gods) and Piyadasi (he who looks on auspiciousness)
- 20. There are 33 edicts comprising : • 14 Major Rock Edicts, 2 known as Kalinga edicts, 7 Pillar Edicts, some Minor Rock Edicts and a few Minor Pillar Inscriptions. • versions of Minor Rock Edict I containing the personal name of the king—Ashoka—were found, first at Maski, and later at Udegolam, Nittur , and Gujjara
- 21. • Firozshah Tughlaq – Meerath and Topera to Delhi and Firozabad • “Shaar-e-kuna “ bilingual • Kharoshti – Maansehra and Shahbaazgarhi • Prayag pillar Edict- Akbar- koshambhi to Allahbad, Queen’s inscription: Kaaruvaki and son Teevar | samudragupta- harishen | Jahangir • Sohagura- only copper plate inscription
- 23. Notable achievements • convening of the 3rd Buddhist sangha (council) in 250 BCE in the capital Pataliputra • to expand the reach of Buddhism - send missions • Mahinda and Sanghamitta, to Sri Lanka to propagate Buddhism • Trade with foreign flourished • Art and Culture : Yaksha and yakshni statue • Constructed stupas and caves | Barabar caves | Lomesh rishi | Sanchi, Barhut | Pillars
Editor's Notes
- ANGA KASI KOSALA VRIJJI MALLA CHEDI KURU PANCHALA VATSYA AVANTI MAGADHA MASTSYA SURASENA ASMAKA KAMBOJA GANDHARA
- invasion of north-west India by Alexander in 326 BCE opened up trade with the West. After the death of Alexander, Chandragupta founded the Mauryan Empire
- The background to these events was the invasion of Alexander of Macedon (327–26 BCE) in the north-west. Greek sources in fact suggest a meeting between Chandragupta and Alexander .
- only recorded military expedition of the Mauryas. shoka was devastated by the carnage and moved by the suffering that he converted to humanistic values. series of edicts, which confirm his passion for peace and moral righteousness or dhamma (dharmain Sanskrit) King Asoka was a religiously tolerant ruler. He respected all religions. He ruled a vast empire and he ordered the building of roads and hospitals
- consolidation of a state extending over nearly two-thirds of the sub-continent had taken place with formalised administration, development of bureaucratic institutions and economic expansion
- 7 element- chanakya: head of the administration was the king. He was assisted by a council of ministers and a purohitaor priest, who was a person of great importance, and secretaries known as mahamatriyas. In each region, the revenue and judicial administration and the bureaucracy of the Mauryan state was replicated to achieve a uniform system of governance.
- He instructed his officials, the yuktas(subordinate officials), rajjukas(rural administrators) and pradesikas(heads of the districts) to go on tours every five years to instruct people in dhamma(Major Rock Edict 3).
- The capital region of Pataliputra was directly administered. The rest of the empire was divided into four provinces based at Suvarnagiri (near Kurnool in Andhra Pradesh), Ujjain (Avanti, Malwa), Taxila in the northwest, and Tosali in Odisha in the southeast. The provinces were administered by governors who were usually royal princes. In each region, the revenue and judicial administration and the bureaucracy of the Mauryan state was replicated to achieve a uniform system of governance.
- Samaharta supervise all the provinces, fortified towns, mines, forests, trade routes and others, which were the sources of revenue. The treasurer was responsible for keeping a record of the tax revenues. The accounts of each department had to be presented jointly by the ministers to the king Agriculture was, the most important contributor to the economy, and the tax on agricultural produce constituted the most important source of revenue. Usually, the king was entitled to one-sixth of the produce.
- Those at Mansehra and Shahbazgarhi are in the Prakrit language and Kharoshthi script. There are a few inscriptions in Greek and Aramaic as well.
- Mogaliputta tissa Compiled abhidhamma pitaka