Designing Online Email Based Storytelling Group for Older Adults
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Designing Online Email Based Storytelling Group for Older Adults
- 1. Telling your stories Designing Online Email Based Storytelling Group for Older Adults Yuanyi Li Jacques Giard Eric Margolis Kyle Larkin
- 2. Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Analysis 4. Discussion
- 3. Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Analysis 4. Discussion
- 4. Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Analysis 4. Discussion
- 5. Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Analysis 4. Discussion
- 6. Agenda 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Analysis 4. Discussion
- 10. + = ？e Introduction Overview Storytelling Internet
- 12. + @ EmailStorytelling 53%of American adults aged 65 years or older use the internet for communication. Introduction Aim
- 13. + @ EmailStorytelling 53%of American adults aged 65 years or older use the internet for communication. Introduction Aim Email usage is estimated at 86%each day and is the foundation for all their online world activities.
- 14. Introduction Research gap 1. Focus on content 2. Focus on interface 3. Hard to continue
- 15. Introduction Research gap 1. Focus on content 2. Focus on interface 3. Hard to continue
- 16. Introduction Research gap 1. Focus on content 2. Focus on interface 3. Hard to continue
- 17. Introduction Research gap 1. Focus on content 2. Focus on interface 3. Hard to continue
- 20. Introduction Research Questions 1. What elements of email storytelling system will affect the level of participation ? 2. To what extent do older adults accept email storytelling system ? 3. How are stories told in email storytelling system
- 21. Methodology.
- 22. Methodology Methods 1. Control test 2. Semi-structured interview 3. Content analysis
- 23. Methodology Methods 1. Control test 2. Semi-structured interview 3. Content analysis
- 24. Methodology Methods 1. Control test 2. Semi-structured interview 3. Content analysis
- 25. Methodology Methods 1. Control test 2. Semi-structured interview 3. Content analysis
- 27. Methodology Prototype Group A Group B Group C
- 28. Methodology Prototype Group A Group B Group C Ted
- 29. Methodology Prototype Group A Group B Group C Ted Mon/Wed/Sat Mon/Fri Mon
- 30. Methodology Prototype Group A Group B Group C Ted Dec.2nd 2013 Mon/Wed/Sat Mon/Fri Mon
- 31. Methodology Prototype Group A Group B Group C Ted Dec.2nd 2013 Mon/Wed/Sat Mon/Fri Mon 12 Childhood Family Career Other
- 32. Data analysis. Level of participation
- 33. Data analysis Level of participation 1. Number of replies 2. Number of active participants 3. Length of answers
- 34. Data analysis Level of participation Group difference in the number of replies
- 35. Data analysis Level of participation Group difference in the number of active participants
- 36. Data analysis Level of participation Group difference in the length of answers
- 37. Data analysis Level of participation Topic difference in the number of replies
- 38. Data analysis Level of participation Topic difference in the number of active participants, length of answers
- 40. Data analysis Acceptance of the system Difficulty scale
- 41. Data analysis Acceptance of the system Key attractions
- 42. The questions were very good, and it gave me an opportunity to maybe think about some things that you haven’t thought about before. Maybe put some perspective on what happened to you and your life and that type of things.It made think in a new way or something (interview # B4) “ “ Data analysis Acceptance of the system
- 43. At first I responded directly to your question because I get up so early in the morning that some people hadn't respond yet. And then later on when I get a little bit time, then I started reading people's stories. If I didn't have a chance to do that in the morning, I did that later. (interview # A1) “ “ Data analysis Acceptance of the system
- 44. There are a few questions I answer immediately as soon as I read the questions, some of them like the questions about the important experience in my life. I want to think deeply about them so I waited to respond and then read everybody else’s responses and then replied to them. (interview # B3) “ “ Data analysis Acceptance of the system
- 45. I don’t check my email every day, so I think there were people who answered very quickly and so I did go see what they wrote just to get a feel of oh you know, how did they respond to this and what they might have similar to me. But I think I still effectively truthfully answered the question not based on what they said but my true feelings. (interview # C2) “ “ Data analysis Acceptance of the system
- 46. I would love to keep in touch with Nick. I really enjoy the way he wrote and described his life and I actually responded to something to him and he responded back and he said That really made me laugh I really need that. I feel like I almost knew him just because the way he spoke and the tenderness he has in the storytelling. (interview # A1) “ “ Data analysis Acceptance of the system
- 47. My job is talking to people all over the united state. A lot of them I never met so I have the relationship with all these people just through phone contact And it’s fun to meet somebody. That doesn’t necessarily always happen. So I would be happy just keeping an email communication going with him. . (interview # A1) “ “ Data analysis Acceptance of the system
- 48. So it’s fun to be in a group of strangers to learn about other people. And that you might hold back a little bit if it was friends or people you already know. If it’s strangers, you figure oh I’m not gonna see them again, so I will just share everything you know. But I can see where a person may have some reservation about sharing some details; you may not be that open. (interview # B4) “ “ Data analysis Acceptance of the system
- 51. Data analysis Content analysis 1 How did you rebel as a child 2 Have you ever doubted your faith 3 What was your mother like when you were a child 4 Has a friend saved you literally or figuratively? 5 Did you have any nicknames as a child? How did you feel about them? 6 What is your first job and how did you get it? 7 Which family members do you wish you had kept in touch with better? 8 What was your worst boss like? 9 What were your favorite toys as a child? 10 What do you consider your greatest achievement? 11 What life experiences shaped who you are? 12 What is your best relationship advice?
- 52. Data analysis Content analysis 1 How did you rebel as a child 2 Have you ever doubted your faith 3 What was your mother like when you were a child 4 Has a friend saved you literally or figuratively? 5 Did you have any nicknames as a child? How did you feel about them? 6 What is your first job and how did you get it? 7 Which family members do you wish you had kept in touch with better? 8 What was your worst boss like? 9 What were your favorite toys as a child? 10 What do you consider your greatest achievement? 11 What life experiences shaped who you are? 12 What is your best relationship advice?
- 53. Data analysis Content analysis 9 What were your favorite toys as a child ? 1. Freedom a Play outside b Transportation toys 2. Grow up a Dress and act as an adult
- 54. Data analysis Content analysis 7 Which family members do you wish you had kept in touch with better ? 1. Hope to learn more a Life stories b Personality 2. Effort to maintain relationship a Long distant relationship 3. Impact on the present a Treasure relationship b Tell stories now
- 55. Data analysis Content analysis 8 What was your worst boss like ? 1. Complaints about boss a Controller b Lack of work ethic 2. Dealing with the issue a Get used to b Being Critical c Resign
- 56. Data analysis Content analysis 11 What life experience shaped who you are ? 1. Belief a Meet God 2. Change of environment a Move b Travelling 3. Family influence a Divorce b Parental
- 57. Conclusion .
- 58. 1.Frequency 2.Number of active participants 3 Topic 1 What elements of emails storytelling system will affect the level of participation
- 59. 1.Email and accessibility. 2.Core value 3 Relationship 2 To what extent do people accept the system
- 60. 3 How are stories told in the system
- 62. Q$A Yuanyi Li Jacques Giard Eric Margolis Kyle Larkin
Editor's Notes
- Opening: Good afternoon everyone,my name is Yuanyi. I am a second year graduate student in The Design School. seeking the degree of Master of Science in Design.The title of my thesis is “Telling your stories: Designing an Online Email Based Storytelling Group for Older Adults.” Before I start my defense, I ‘d like to thank my commetee chair Prof.JG. and commete members ….. and professors of design school for their strong support and direction. I would also like to thank my colleagues who are here today that also encouraged me. I look forward to hearing the advice and input from all of you after you have seen my presentation.
- The defense of my thesis consist of four parts First is the Introduction. I will present the initial goal of my research and the gap I discovered in previous literature. Second, Methodology, I will describe the research design, the method and methodology I used during the research. Third, Analysis, In this part, I will select a few key findings of the data analysis to introduce Last, I will discuss and conclude the result and also reveal the further implications of the research.
- The defense of my thesis consist of four parts First is the Introduction. I will present the initial goal of my research and the gap I discovered in previous literature. Second, Methodology, I will describe the research design, the method and methodology I used during the research. Third, Analysis, In this part, I will select a few key findings of the data analysis to introduce Last, I will discuss and conclude the result and also reveal the further implications of the research.
- The defense of my thesis consist of four parts First is the Introduction. I will present the initial goal of my research and the gap I discovered in previous literature. Second, Methodology, I will describe the research design, the method and methodology I used during the research. Third, Analysis, In this part, I will select a few key findings of the data analysis to introduce Last, I will discuss and conclude the result and also reveal the further implications of the research.
- The defense of my thesis consist of four parts First is the Introduction. I will present the initial goal of my research and the gap I discovered in previous literature. Second, Methodology, I will describe the research design, the method and methodology I used during the research. Third, Analysis, In this part, I will select a few key findings of the data analysis to introduce Last, I will discuss and conclude the result and also reveal the further implications of the research.
- The defense of my thesis consist of four parts First is the Introduction. I will present the initial goal of my research and the gap I discovered in previous literature. Second, Methodology, I will describe the research design, the method and methodology I used during the research. Third, Analysis, In this part, I will select a few key findings of the data analysis to introduce Last, I will discuss and conclude the result and also reveal the further implications of the research.
- Let’s start with introduction
- (older adults icon) Everyone has a story to tell,
- (older adults icon) especially for older adults. Previous research has shown that telling and sharing of their life stories does help in maintaining self-esteem, reinforces a sense of identity and integrity, assists through personal loss and reduces anxiety and stress in growing older Although storytelling programs are not new, the way it is delivered can be changed to be more accessible to seniors.
- It’s important to explore how traditional face to face storytelling program adapts to the rapid development of internet communication technology. A more effective way in storytelling needs to developed
- (@ icon)The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of building a storytelling system for older adults to tell and share their life stories based on email platform.We try to look at how email service can help to build a more effective online storytelling program for senior internet users. Why email ? (big number pop up) Dat
- Data from Pew Research Center, a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. estimates that 53% of American adults aged 65 years or older use the internet for communication.
- E-mail usage is estimated at 86% each day and is the foundation for all of their online world activities.
- At the same time, through the review of literature, I found significant gaps in previous research pertaining to storytelling programs. 1 Most research focuses on the content and the stories collected from the program,However, little is known about the design considerations of developing a storytelling program. Research also neglects to show what elements of the system will determine feasibility and success. 2 Previous research regarding older adults and email use concentrate on the simplification of email interface and its functions. There is little research that shows how older adults can do more with email other than basic communication. 3 Historically, storytelling programs as designed for older adults would conclude after a group meeting or get together were held. Face to face storytelling programs require a specific time and location of which people or an organization must manage. If this service is not made available, older adults would then not be able to continue.
- At the same time, through the review of literature, I found significant gaps in previous research pertaining to storytelling programs. 1 Most research focuses on the content and the stories collected from the program,However, little is known about the design considerations of developing a storytelling program. Research also neglects to show what elements of the system will determine feasibility and success. 2 Previous research regarding older adults and email use concentrate on the simplification of email interface and its functions. There is little research that shows how older adults can do more with email other than basic communication. 3 Historically, storytelling programs as designed for older adults would conclude after a group meeting or get together were held. Face to face storytelling programs require a specific time and location of which people or an organization must manage. If this service is not made available, older adults would then not be able to continue.
- At the same time, through the review of literature, I found significant gaps in previous research pertaining to storytelling programs. 1 Most research focuses on the content and the stories collected from the program,However, little is known about the design considerations of developing a storytelling program. Research also neglects to show what elements of the system will determine feasibility and success. 2 Previous research regarding older adults and email use concentrate on the simplification of email interface and its functions. There is little research that shows how older adults can do more with email other than basic communication. 3 Historically, storytelling programs as designed for older adults would conclude after a group meeting or get together were held. Face to face storytelling programs require a specific time and location of which people or an organization must manage. If this service is not made available, older adults would then not be able to continue.
- At the same time, through the review of literature, I found significant gaps in previous research pertaining to storytelling programs. 1 Most research focuses on the content and the stories collected from the program,However, little is known about the design considerations of developing a storytelling program. Research also neglects to show what elements of the system will determine feasibility and success. 2 Previous research concentrate on the simplification of email interface and its functions. There is little research that shows how older adults can do more with email other than basic communication. 3 Historically, storytelling programs as designed for older adults would conclude after a group meeting or get together were held. Face to face storytelling programs require a specific time and location of which people or an organization must manage. If this service is not made available, older adults would then not be able to continue.
- Tconceptual framework can be identified through the following integrated parts of the study We are going to examine the feasibility of building an email based storytelling system for older adults. To be more specific, the feasibility of this system is measured by two main proponents - the level of participation and people’s acceptance of the system. In addition, we also tend to understand if and how the frequency of storytelling and category of topic affect the system separately.
- Tconceptual framework can be identified through the following integrated parts of the study We are going to examine the feasibility of building an email based storytelling system for older adults. To be more specific, the feasibility of this system is measured by two main proponents - the level of participation and people’s acceptance of the system. In addition, we also tend to understand if and how the frequency of storytelling and category of topic affect the system separately.
- (combine with CF ?) Based on conceptual framework, Three are three initial research questions worth discussing. 1 What elements of emails storytelling system will affect the level of participation 2 To what extent to do older adults accept email storytelling system. 3 How are stories told in email storytelling system. (show RQ on CF. )
- Then let me introduce the methdology.
- In order to answer 3 research questions, A combination of qualitative research method and quantitative research methods are best suited for this study. Three main research methods are applied here. 1 Control Test is used to test which elements of a storytelling system affect the level of participation. 2 Semi-structured interview is conducted to know people’s acceptance of the system profoundly. 3 Content analysis is used to develop a deep understand of what and how stories are told in the system. And how deep these stories are
- In order to answer 3 research questions, A combination of qualitative research method and quantitative research methods are best suited for this study. Three main research methods are applied here. 1 Control Test is used to test which elements of a storytelling system affect the level of participation. 2 Semi-structured interview is conducted to know people’s acceptance of the system profoundly. 3 Content analysis is used to develop a deep understand of what and how stories are told in the system. And how deep these stories are
- In order to answer 3 research questions, A combination of qualitative research method and quantitative research methods are best suited for this study. Three main research methods are applied here. 1 Control Test is used to test which elements of a storytelling system affect the level of participation. 2 Semi-structured interview is conducted to know people’s acceptance of the system profoundly. 3 Content analysis is used to develop a deep understand of what and how stories are told in the system. And how deep these stories are
- In order to answer 3 research questions, A combination of qualitative research method and quantitative research methods are best suited for this study. Three main research methods are applied here. 1 Control Test is used to test which elements of a storytelling system affect the level of participation. 2 Semi-structured interview is conducted to know people’s acceptance of the system profoundly. 3 Content analysis is used to develop a deep understand of what and how stories are told in the system. And how deep these stories are
- Then, An email based storytelling prototype was built based on the function of google groups. 15 older adults over 60 years old were selected for this research. They all have basic knowledge of email. They were divided into 3 groups namely Group A,Group B, Group C. The system, which was controlled by myself, would send 3 topics regarding their life experience to each group every week through email Then participants can post their stories by directly replying there emails. All the topics and stories can be seen by the entire group so that they can also reply to other people’s stories. The only variable in these three groups was the frequency of send topics. Topics were sent three times a week in Group A, twice a week in Group B, and only once a week in Group C. Participants were assigned to these three groups based on how often they checked their email box. For instance, if you use email every day, you will be assign to Group A, and if you use email only once a week, you will be assigned to grouop C
- Then, An email based storytelling prototype was built based on the function of google groups. 15 older adults over 60 years old were selected for this research. They all have basic knowledge of email. They were divided into 3 groups namely Group A,Group B, Group C. The system, which was controlled by myself, would send 3 topics regarding their life experience to each group every week through email Then participants can post their stories by directly replying there emails. All the topics and stories can be seen by the entire group so that they can also reply to other people’s stories. The only variable in these three groups was the frequency of send topics. Topics were sent three times a week in Group A, twice a week in Group B, and only once a week in Group C. Participants were assigned to these three groups based on how often they checked their email box. For instance, if you use email every day, you will be assign to Group A, and if you use email only once a week, you will be assigned to grouop C
- Then, An email based storytelling prototype was built based on the function of google groups. 15 older adults over 60 years old were selected for this research. They all have basic knowledge of email. They were divided into 3 groups namely Group A,Group B, Group C. The system, which was controlled by myself, would send 3 topics regarding their life experience to each group every week through email Then participants can post their stories by directly replying there emails. All the topics and stories can be seen by the entire group so that they can also reply to other people’s stories. The only variable in these three groups was the frequency of send topics. Topics were sent three times a week in Group A, twice a week in Group B, and only once a week in Group C. Participants were assigned to these three groups based on how often they checked their email box. For instance, if you use email every day, you will be assign to Group A, and if you use email only once a week, you will be assigned to grouop C
- Then, An email based storytelling prototype was built based on the function of google groups. 15 older adults over 60 years old were selected for this research. They all have basic knowledge of email. They were divided into 3 groups namely Group A,Group B, Group C. The system, which was controlled by myself, would send 3 topics regarding their life experience to each group every week through email Then participants can post their stories by directly replying there emails. All the topics and stories can be seen by the entire group so that they can also reply to other people’s stories. The only variable in these three groups was the frequency of send topics. Topics were sent three times a week in Group A, twice a week in Group B, and only once a week in Group C. Participants were assigned to these three groups based on how often they checked their email box. For instance, if you use email every day, you will be assign to Group A, and if you use email only once a week, you will be assigned to grouop C
- Then, An email based storytelling prototype was built based on the function of google groups. 15 older adults over 60 years old were selected for this research. They all have basic knowledge of email. They were divided into 3 groups namely Group A,Group B, Group C. The system, which was controlled by myself, would send 3 topics regarding their life experience to each group every week through email Then participants can post their stories by directly replying there emails. All the topics and stories can be seen by the entire group so that they can also reply to other people’s stories. The only variable in these three groups was the frequency of send topics. Topics were sent three times a week in Group A, twice a week in Group B, and only once a week in Group C. Participants were assigned to these three groups based on how often they checked their email box. For instance, if you use email every day, you will be assign to Group A, and if you use email only once a week, you will be assigned to grouop C
- Then, An email based storytelling prototype was built based on the function of google groups. 15 older adults over 60 years old were selected for this research. They all have basic knowledge of email. They were divided into 3 groups namely Group A,Group B, Group C. The system, which was controlled by myself, would send 3 topics regarding their life experience to each group every week through email Then participants can post their stories by directly replying there emails. All the topics and stories can be seen by the entire group so that they can also reply to other people’s stories. The only variable in these three groups was the frequency of send topics. Topics were sent three times a week in Group A, twice a week in Group B, and only once a week in Group C. Participants were assigned to these three groups based on how often they checked their email box. For instance, if you use email every day, you will be assign to Group A, and if you use email only once a week, you will be assigned to grouop C For the reliability of data collection, all the three groups used the same topics and started at the same date, which was Dec.2nd.2013. The trial lasted four weeks till the end of 2013 and there were a total of 12 topics sent to them. In addition, these 12 topics were selected in 4 categories, Childhood, Family, Career, and Other life stories because we want to test if the categories of topics would affect the level of participation.
- Then, I will discuss the process of data Analysis
- First let’s look at the group differences in the level of participation. In this research, the level of participation is measured by three sets of data. 1 The number of replies, Number of active participants, 3 The length of answers,
- First is the number of replies. This figure show the total number of replies in three groups. It includes two parts, one is the number of stories, which is directly posted by participants, the other one is the number of responses, which is the interaction between group members. As shown in the figure, Group B, has the most replies which is over 70. Group C has the least replies which is around 35. Since the only variable in these three groups is the frequency of sending topics, as what I said just now, I sent topics 3 times a week in Group A twice a week in Group B, once a week in group C.The low frequency in Group C resulted in lower level of participations. My interpretation for this is that, low frequency make older adults feel like they were not engaged in the research, and they didn’t have a sense of participations But according to this figure, Group B had more replies than Group A, that means frequency is not the only one factor that affect the level of participation
- Then, let’s look at the number of active participants in three groups, as mentioned before, there are five people in each group and they are allowed to skip any topic they want. As you can see, from t1 - t12, only Group B maintain 5 people takeing part in discussion.althrough there was a slightly drop to four in the middle part and the last part, Group A remain four active participants for most part of the research and Group C decrerased significantly from the beginning 4 people to only 1 active participant left in the last three topics. The different number of active participants in three groups may help explain the reason why Group B have the most replies. My thinking on this is for a group of five people, the absence of every single participant may affect a lot. Every participant knew that there were supposed to be five stories in each topics, when they didn’t received enough stories as they expected, they felt like the system didn’t work well and there were always people didn’t provide any answers. Their incentive of participation was not strong enough to keep them using this system. In addition, more active participants gave them more choice to find a person to talk to. When there were only 2 or 3 active participant in Group C, they felt no obligation to keep a conversation. But when all participants took part in the discussion like Group B, all of them had more choices to listen to other people’s stories and the possibility to find one who deserved a response is higher.
- Then, let’s also look at the length of answers in three groups. This figure showcase the percentage of answers less than 50 words, from 51-100words, 101-200 words, more than 200 words. the quality of replies experience a steady decline along with the drop of frequency. Group A have more answers in high quality than other two groups. Although Group C have more super long answer (more than 300 words), they have almost half of short answer (less than 50 words). ). Short answers usually contain simple greeting message or thank you note, which cannot fully reflect the level of participation. It is also worth pointing out that although Group B have the most replies. The quality of stories in this group is not as good as Group A. That is to say, a high frequency will make participants feel they are fully involved in this trial and they are supposed to post their deliberate answers. Although the low frequency in Group C allow participant to have enough time to generate longer answers, it still caused the production of a large amount of short and invaluable replies.
- showcased the number of replies by categories. As shown in the figure, topics concerning family relationship have more replies than other categories, Since the age range of older adults in this research is from 60 to 75 years old. Some of them have retired and only lived with their spouse. They have more to say about family relationship because that is what they keep every day.. Although this figure indicates the possible relationship between topics and level of participation, the different in each categories is relatively small. 44 stories about family, 37 stories about childhood, that;s not a huge difference.
- The length of replies in Career, Family, Others, are almost the same. That confirms the result in figure 4.4 that no significant difference in topics are found. In terms of the number of active participants, figure 4.6 points out that no huge difference is found in four categories (M=33.75 SD=1.70) .The number of active participants who discuss these topics are almost the same. That means topics is not a key factor that affect the level of participation
- Then Let’s look at people’s acceptance of the system. data of this part is from the follow-up interview after the four-week trial.
- First, let’s look at the difficulty scale. Participants were asked to score how easy this system is to use from very easy to very difficult. As shown in the difficulty rating scale in figure 4.7, most participants reported that this email storytelling system is very easy to use. Although this is a new system and they’ve never used email to share their stories and take part in any forms of discussion. they didn’t report any difficulties in using the system. The reason for this could be that we didn’t introduce any new technology to them. We build the system based on their existing knowledge of internet and email, many of them use email on a daily base, that the reason they were recruited, we didn’t increase the cognitive load for older adults Basically, there is no difference between the use of email in this system and the use of email in their private life. So designing an online storytelling system based on older adults existing internet skills help to enhance their acceptance.
- Then, during the interview, they were asked to select the most attractive part of this system. Four options are Interesting topics that recall past memory,Reading other people’s stories, The feeling of sharing,Having someone to talk to. As shown in the figure, Having someone to talk to is the least attractive part for them, the reason is that most participants in this research are not experiencing social isolation, they have friends and family to talk to everyday, so they don’t need a system to share their stories. But Interesting topics that recall past memory is the most interesting part for participants. As we disussed just not, topics don’t affect the level of participation significantly, there is no difference between categories of topics, but why topics become important here, This can be explained by one of the interview,
- One paricipatns stated that “” That means, what people really love about this system is not the stories they told, it’s not about the content. It’s about they take time to think a topics, the process of thinking and the feeling of recalling memories really attract them a lot.
- Then, there were asked to describe how they used the system at home, one of them said “”
- these two interview appear to reveal another facts that no matter when they received the email and whey they replied, they always read other’s people stories.Actually, during the interview, all of them said they read other people’s stories. By reading other’s stories. older adults get inspired on how the questions was answered and it gave them more time to think about their own life experience. One said
- All of these make me think about that they received a email in the morning, they take time to think about it, they read others’ stories to get inspired, this process seems to be more important than just the number of replies. Whether or not they interact with their group members is not the most important. Although group B have more replies, it doesn't mean this system does’ work in Group A or even in Group C. The core value of storytelling is the time they spend on memory recall and the process of examining their life. They didn’t have a warm discussion with their group member doesn’t matter a lot, they have already benefited from the system.
- During the interview, we also talked about the relationship they built through the system. Although these group members don’t know each other they are willing to keep in touch with some of them. It seems that a basic relationship and trust was built after the trial. One said”that not the real name”” However, it's interesting to point out that the relationship built online is still a weak tie, .And it made them feel more comfortable to keep this relationship online, they don’t have a strong desire to meet them in person, the reason can be explained by the next particiaptns. he said
- One said, My interpretation is that, they feel more comfortable to share their stories with strangers, if they meet each other and become friends, they won’t share anything they want with friends. And patricipants seem to enjoy sharing stroiers with strangers much more than intimate realtionships.
- So people preferred including strangers in the storytelling program , because they believed an online environment made them open to tell any detail of their life without being judged. Email storytelling system enable them to let down the guard to talk more actively and freely. Similar explaination can be in next interview
- We collected a total number of 159 stories during the four-week trial. Short answers that less than 50 words were not considered in data analysis because most of them were simple thank-you note in response to other participants’ replies. Content analysis was used to analyze the narratives of 112 stories including 41 stories from 51 to 100 words, 52 stories from 101 to 200 words and 19 stories more than 200 words (see table 4.2). all of the storied and replied told by older adults were first read as a whole to develop an overview of content. Coded concepts were iteratively reviewed and related concepts were combined. Finally, theme and sub themse of each topics were identified.
- Since we have 12 topics, in four categories, I don’t think we have enough time to go throught every single topic and its code, so I will just select one interteresing topics from each categories. The topic I choose are 1 2 3 4
- Since we have 12 topics, in four categories, I don’t think we have enough time to go throught every single topic and its code, so I will just select one interteresing topics from each categories. The topic I choose are 1 2 3 4
- CH When people talk about their favorites toys, their answer usually belong to 2 themes, One it the desire for freedom,One said Second one is their desire to grow up, one said My favorite playing activity was to dress up in my mother and older sister’s clothes and shoes along with two sisters and two cousins who lived nearby.
- The reason that they want to keep in touch is mostly because they hope to learn more from that person before he or she passed away. At them same time, many of them made their best effort to maintain a long distance relationnship. oNe said. Also, the these experience make them think about what they can do now to keep the relationship. one said
- Career. It seems like when people talked about their worst boss, they didn’t simply center on the complaints about profession. Some of them devoted a large amount of their words talking about their poor fashion sense or bad living habit. One said, But not everyone quit, some of them find the solution to deal with the worst booss, said,
- Others, The first thing they mention is God, Second, these life experience always relate to the change of environment because of moving or travelling and the change in family One said Overall, the stories collected from the system and their attendant themes and subthemes overwhelmingly reflect their depth of thinking. Most of the answers were thoughtful and revealing. They were not generated casually. They were not force to answer these questions. Each answer reflects the unique background and personality of participant. The deepness of these answers indicated that older adults took time to think about each topic and carefully examined their life experience that relate to the topic. The process that older adults undertook illustrated the wealth of emotions, deliberation, joys and difficulties that they experienced over time.
- Others, The first thing they mention is God, Second, these life experience always relate to the change of environment because of moving or travelling and the change in family One said
- Overall, frequency of sending topics has a profound effect on the level of participation. According to the result of data analysis, a higher frequency of reminiscence will lead to a high level of participation. The low frequency in Group C, which was once a week, made participants feel not involved in the program because topics were sent one time together and no other emails from researcher were sent after that. It also affect the quality of storeis that more frequent trigger will produce longer and more thoughtful answers. But frequency is not the only one factor thay affect the level of participation, the number of active participants, more active participants increased the chances for other group members to find interesting people and stories they were willing to interact with. Since this research was conducted in a group of 5, any little change in the number of participants mattered a lot. However, categories of topics doesn’t affect a lot in the level of participantion.
- First email and accessbiilty. As we just discussed, The use of email as a storytelling platform in this research reduces the cognitive load that new technology may bring to older adults. They already get used to it and they found no diffcifulting in use the system. It just need a system to send topics every week, and they don’t need any specific time and location to continute the systemrs as long as it’s avaiable. They can access the service more easilby than tradictional face to faca storytelling program. Then the use of email allow them to have time to think about the question, they don’t have the pressure to have to answer it soon so that their answer may be more deeper and more throughful. Although the level of participation was various in three groups, they all express great joyfulness in taking part in the research. he core value of storytelling system is the process of retrieving memories. They benefit from the storytelling systerm as long as they look at the topics and think about it. It doesn’t matter a lot if they never interact with other people. But It still have to be conducted in group settings because reading other people’s stories can help them compare their life to others life and examine their life throgurly. Then, a weak relationship can be built and continued online. not knowing each other didn't hold back their participation and acceptance of it. On the contrary, they treasured the feeling of sharing their stories with strangers. They feel more secure to talk about their personal experience with strangers more than close friends because they don’t want to be judged. By talking to a group of strangers, people tend to be more open and provide more details. So that keep the group diverse, and involve more people from different background may be more effective.
- The deepness of the stories demonstrated that storytelling program like this help them recall their memories and have a profound effect on their own introspection. Although some topics were asking about experience that negative affect their attitude and personality, the words they used to describe the situation were smooth and elegant. They were grateful to everything happened in their life and tried to live life to the fullest during every stage of life. It reveals the fact that by recalling and sharing their life stories, they have the potential to make peace with themselves, enjoy their life and age successfully.
- Although storytelling program are not new, the manner in which they are structured and delivered can be constantly revamped to cater to on current opportunities. This type of program can be duplicated in many settings. So i think it is important to point out the key design considerations for further development of internet-based system for older adults. Designers, researcher and practitioner in gerontology can build better internet-based storytelling system for older adults utilize these implications. 1 Natural For older adults, their curiosity of learning new skills is not as high as younger generation. And also you don;t want to change their living habits. Consequently, to make them tell their stories in more natural way is extremely important. In this research , we use email. but maybe ten years later, they have more natrual way to communicate. 2 Diverse The diversicity of group members may postiviefly affect the sucess of system. Future research should examine the benefits of involve younger participants in a storytelling system. The combination of storytelling and internet technology make younger generation access the experience of older adults more easily. An email storytelling system that intends to bridge the intergenerational gap will help determine how intergenerational connection can be facilitated through emails storytelling. 3 Frequent the frequency of reminiscence trigger has a profound effect on a storytelling system. The more frequent the reminiscence trigger is, the more likely participants are to take part in the discussion. But a high frequency won’t guarantee the longer answers because it doesn’t allow enough time for people to generate long answers. If more long answers are expected, people can reduce the frequency slightly to provide enough time for older adults to response. However, the decrease of frequency may result in lower level of participation, which is not expected obviously.
- so BASICALL,, people accept this new form of storytelling and they enjoy using it, and I hope that this type of storteling systmer can be developed to benfit more odler adluts, in the futuer.