Philosophical And Psychological theories in Science Teaching

2. PSYCHOSOCIA
L
DEVELOPMENT
Erick Erickson

3. Psychosocial
p s y c h o l o g i c a l s o c i a l
m i n d r e l a t i o n s h i p

4. Erick Erickson
ERIK ERIKSON WAS A 20TH CENTURY PSYCHOLOGIST WHO DEVELOPED THE THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT AND THE CONCEPT OF AN IDENTITY CRISIS.
CONTRIBUTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY
• Erikson impacted psychological
theories by expanding
upon Sigmund Freud’s original five
stages of development.
• Erikson believed that each person
progressed through eight stages of
development.

5. Erick Erickson
ERIK ERIKSON WAS A 20TH CENTURY PSYCHOLOGIST WHO DEVELOPED THE THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT AND THE CONCEPT OF AN IDENTITY CRISIS.
CONTRIBUTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY
• Erikson emphasized that the
environment played a major
role in self-awareness,
adjustment, human
development, and identity.

6. Psychosocial development
theory is based on eight stages of
development
Erikson’s theory is based on the
idea that development through life
is a series of stages which are
each defined by a crisis or
challenge

7. “The early stages provide the
foundations for later stages so
Erikson says that if a child does not
resolve a crisis in a particular
stage, they will have problems in
later stages”
For example, if an adolescent does not establish their own identity, they will have
difficulty in relationships as an adult

9. The stages are as follows:
Stage 1 – Oral Sensory
Stage 2 – Muscular-Anal
Stage 3 – Locomotor
Stage 4 – Latency
Stage 5 – Adolescence
Stage 6 – Young Adulthood
Stage 7 – Middle Adulthood
Stage 8 – Maturity

14. Complete the statement
As a teacher I will gain the trust of my learner by ………………….
As a head/administrator I will gain the trust of my subordinate by
………………….

17. Complete the statement
As a teacher I will gain the trust of my learner by ………………….
As a head/administrator I will gain the trust of my subordinate by
………………….

24. How to Apply
Erikson's Theory in
Instruction

25. 1.Treat all students equally. Do not show favoritism to a certain
group of students based on gender, race, academic ability or
socioeconomic status.

26. 2. Incorporate guest speakers and curriculum activities
from as many areas as possible to expose students to
many career choices.

27. 3. Encourage students to focus on their strengths and acknowledge
them when they exhibit work that incorporates these strengths.

28. 4. Encourage students to develop confidence by trying different
approaches to solving problems.

29. 5. Incorporate life skills into lesson planning to increase confidence
and self-sufficiency.

30. 6. Utilize physical activity to help relieve stress, negative feelings and
improve moods (Bianca, 2010).

31. Pre-School
Classroom Activities that applies Psychosocial Development
1.Find out what students are interested in and create projects that
incorporate their area of interest.
2.Let the children oversee the learning process when participating in a
classroom project. Make sure to point out and praise students for good
choices.
3.Offer continuous feedback on work that has been completed.
4.Do not ridicule or criticize students openly. Find a private place to talk
with a child about a poor choice or behavior.
5.When children experiment, they should not be punished for trying
something that may turn out differently than the teacher planned.
6.Utilize physical activity to teach fairness and sportsmanship

32. Elementary
Teachers should focus on achievement and peer relationships at the Elementary Level
1.Create a list of classroom duties that needed to be completed on a
scheduled basis.
2.Ask students for their input when creating the list as well as who will
be in charge of what.
3.Discuss and post classroom rules. Make sure to include students in
the decision-making process when discussing rules.
4.Encourage students to think outside of their day-to-day routine by
role playing different situations.
5.Let students know that striving for perfection is not as important as
learning from mistakes. Teach them to hold their head high and
move forward.

33. High School
During the middle and high school years, building identity and self-esteem
should be part of a teacher's focus.
1. Treat all students equally. Do not show favoritism to a certain group of
students based on gender, race, academic ability or socioeconomic status.
2. Incorporate guest speakers and curriculum activities from as many areas as
possible so as to expose students to many career choices.
3. Encourage students to focus on their strengths and acknowledge them when
they exhibit work that incorporates these strengths.
4. Encourage students to develop confidence by trying different approaches to
solving problems.
5. Incorporate life skills into lesson planning to increase confidence and self-
sufficiency.
6. Utilize physical activity to help relieve stress, negative feelings and improve
moods (Bianca, 2010).

34. REFERENCES
Allen, E., & Marotz, L. (2003). Developmental profiles pre-Birth through twelve (4th ed.). Albany, NY:
Thomson Delmar Learning.
Bee, H., & Boyd, D. (2009, March). The developing child (12th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education,
Inc.
Bianca, A. (2010, June 4). Psychosocial development in physical activity. Retrieved from
http://www.ehow.com/about_6587070_psychosocial-development-physical-activity.htm
Crain, W. (2011). Theories of development: Concepts and applications (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Erik Erikson’s stages of social-emotional development. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://childdevelopmentinfo.com/child-development/erickson/#ixzz3ZaBI7RQf
Erik Erikson's 8 stages of psychosocial development. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://web.cortland.edu/andersmd/ERIK/stageint.HTML
Erikson, E. H. (1950). Childhood and society. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.