it will help in bilingualism topic.

2. PRESENTATION
BILINGUALISM
MS ENGLISH LINGUISTICS
SEMESTER 2ND(MID TERM)
Presented
By:
MUHAMMAD
TAHIR AWAN
Presented to
:
DR.AKRAM
Topic :The
importance
of the study
of
Bilingualism

3. AIM OF PRESENTATION
To introduce the
topic and share
my ideas with you
about definition of
Bilingualism and
its significance.

4. Sequence of Discussion
DEFINING BILINGUALISM
A Short Introduction to Bilingualism
IMPORANCE OF BILINGUALISM
BENEFITS OF BEING A BILINGUAL
BILINGUAL BRAIN AND CHILD
MYTH vs. FACT ABOUT THE STUDY OF BILINGUAL
Final Thought (Conclusion)

5. DEFINING BILINGUALISM
 A simply definition of bilingualism is an ability to
communicate easily in two languages, not necessarily
with equal proficiency.
 Anyone can become bilingual, but it’s much easier to
bilingual when you are a child.
 Most often you will find that a person with an accent
became bilingual later in life.
 Bilingualism is a norm, not an exception.
 As surprising as it might seem, most people in the world
are bilingual.

6. A Short introduction to
Bilingualism
 Bilingual: Having, speaking, spoken or written in, two
languages”.(Concise Oxford Dictionary).
 Nowadays the numbers of people that are able to speak
more than one language have been increased in of many
parts of the world. According to (Trask, 1999) about 70
percent of the people in the world are bilingual. This
demonstrates the necessity of investigation the role of
bilingualism in the process of teaching and learning a
foreign language.
 To have another language is to possess a second soul.
( Charlemagne )

7. INTRODUCTION TO BILINGUALISM
 As the twenty first century moves toward a global and international
community, proficiency in only one language is not adequate for
economics, social and educational success.
 Our interconnected global world requires the ability to speak more
than one language to become a successful member of the
community.
 Social bilingualism tell us something about who is bilingual.
 Being bilingual can improve a person’s multitasking skills, attention
control, problem solving and creativity as it promotes outside-the-
box thinking.
 It can also help to improve your memory.

8. INRODUCTION TO BILINGUALISM
CONTINUES…,
 The words “bilingual” and “bilingualism” have many
different meanings depending on the context they are used
in.
 They can include the knowledge and use of two languages,
the presentation of information in two languages, the need
for two languages, the recognition of two or more languages,
and so on.
 Researchers on bilingualism have repeated over the years
that bilingualism is found in all age groups, in all levels of
society, and in most countries.

9. An Introduction to
BILINGUALISM
Continues..
 A common misconception is that bilingual master two languages
fluently.
 In a sense, bilinguals are seen as two monolinguals in one person.
In fact, the majority of bilinguals do not have equal fluency in their
languages, many have an accent in at least one of their languages.
 As we will see, bilinguals use their languages for different
purposes, in different domains of life, to accomplish different
things.
 Their level of fluency in a language depends on their need for that
language. Hence many bilinguals are more fluent in a given
language, and some cannot read or write one of other languages.

10. IMPORTANCE OF
BILINGUALISM
 A trait that was once considered a hindrance, has now proved to have so
many advantages for both children and adults.
 We also understand more clearly the importance of the study of
bilingualism.
 Nelson Mandela once said, ‘If you talk to a man in a language he
understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that
goes to his heart’. That’s a powerful statement.
 If we give students the gift of bilingualism – they have a better sense of
themselves, their community, and their future, and a better appreciation
for our diversity as a country
 As Tom said, we aspire to a day when every child has the opportunity to be
bilingual and we have much work to do to pursue that goal.

11. Significance of Bilingualism
 Today more of the world’s population is bilingual or multilingual
than monolingual. In addition to facilitating cross- cultural
communication, this trends also positively affects cognitive
abilities.
 Researchers have shown that the bilingual brain can have better
attention and task- switching capacities than the monolingual
brain.
 Bilingualism has positive effect at both ends of the age spectrum:
Bilingual children as young as seven months can better adjust to
environmental changes, while bilingual seniors can experience less
cognitive decline.

12. DUEL AND BILINGUAL
 Bilingual education is an umbrella term for many
types of programs in which two languages are
used for instruction. Dual Language education is
an effective approach to developing language
proficiency and literacy in English and a partner
language.

13. Multidimensional view of Language
 Bilingualism provides a multidimensional view of language learning
that contains five categories;
 1. Individual
 2. Societal
 3. Family
 4. School
 5. Disciplinary
 Not only does bilingualism introduce new linguistics, but it gives a
perspective on cultural diversity.

14. Bilingual a Skill
 Is being bilingual is a skill?
 Yes, being bilingual is a skill just like any other
language skill and you can definitely add it to your
resume.
 Young children can quickly ( within 6 months)
forget the old language and pick up a new one, if
they move to another country.
 Initially the two languages are mixed up, but
differentiation quickly emerges.

15. Bilingual Brain
 Research shows that bilingual people have an easier time with the key brain
functions.
 MENTAL HEALTH : A bilingual brain is quicker, nimbler and more resistant in
complex or tough situations.
 Academic Performance : Students in bilingual language programs perform
consistently as compare to monolinguals.
 Preparation for the future : Bilingual adults have several advantageous over
monolingual adults, including higher average salaries and greater career
opportunities.
 KEY BRAIN FUNCTIONS : 1. Developing strong thinking skills
 2. Cultivating greater cultural awareness.
 3.Using logic 4. Focusing, remembering and making decisions.
 5. Increasing reading comprehension.

17. 5 Reasons Why It’s good to
be Bilingual
 1.Bilingualism promotes cognitive development and higher
levels of abstract thinking.
 2.Blingualism makes you more marketable in the workplace.
 3.It’s easier to learn third language when you know two.
 4.Bilingualism makes travel a breeze when you can
communicate with the locals.
 5.Studies have found that it can help you in critical and
different situations.

18. Studies of Bilingualism
 Studies show that bilinguals are better at retaining shopping lists, names, and
directions.
 You become more perceptive : A study from Spain’s University of Pompeu Fabra
revealed that bilingual people are better at observing their surroundings. They are
more adept at focusing on relevant information and editing out the irrelevant.
They’re also better at spotting misleading information.
 Your Decision- making skills Improve : According to a study from University of
Chicago, bilinguals tend to make more rational decisions. Bilinguals are more
confident with their choices after thinking it over in the second language .
 You improve your English : Learning a foreign language draws your focus to the
mechanics of language: grammar, conjugations, and sentence structure. This makes
you more aware of language, and the ways it can be structured and manipulated.
These skills can make you a more effective communicator and a sharper editor and
writer.
 (http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/educationopinion/10126883/Why- learn-a-
foreign-language-Benefits-of-bilingualism.html).

20. MYTH vs. FACT
Bilingual language Development
MYTH FACT
Speaking 2 or more languages to a child
can “confuse” them, so it is better to
only speak 1 language.
All children are capable of learning
multiple languages.
It is better for families to only speak
the language taught in school to their
children, even they do not speak the
language well.
Families should speak the language
they are most comfortable speaking, so
children are given rich linguistic models
and can interact best with other
members of their community.
Young bilingual children are delayed in
learning language compared to peers
who only speak 1 language.
Bilingualism does not cause language
delays, and has been shown to improve
children’s ability to learn new words,
identify sounds, and problem solve.
Bilingual children should not mix parts
of the languages they speak.
“Translanguaging” occurs when
individuals grammatically mix aspects
of the languages they speak.
Children become bilingual just by Listening and responding are both

21. FINAL THOUGHT
(Conclusion)
The
importance of
the study of
Bilingualism
gives many
advantages like
cultural,
cognitive,
social and
communication
advantages.
It is based on
the learners’
needs, and his
expectations
behind learning
language.
Bilingualism
increase Brain
power. It
increases
awareness of
other cultures.
Bilingualism
accelerates the
process of
learning new
language.
The latest
research has
proved that the
bilinguals are
better at IQ
tests as
compared to
monolinguals.

22.  Bilingualism has been a controversial issue in recent years. Proponents of
bilingualism claim that they have many benefits: for example, it enhanced
children's attention during academic life. Besides, it makes them advanced in
phonetic learning that can help them to learn a new language. Moreover,
bilingualism can strengthen the health from aging diseases (dementia). That
means long health and well- being. That’s why I strongly support the idea of being
a bilingual .Otherwise, half of the world is bilingual. However, some people
believe that having two languages can have a harmful effect on society. There is
much evidence that showed bilingualism as a problem, it decreases the amount of
vocabulary, less speaking, writing and listening skills and difficulties in accessing
individual words. Therefore, many people have argued that bilingual learning,
development and notion policy have cost and benefit. However, the overall
bilingual benefit is far balanced to the whole society, and thus society think is far
better to support the idea.

23. REFERENCES
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Psychology. 97(4), 580-590.
Hammer, C.S., Miccio A.W., &Wagstaff, D.A (2003). Home literacy experiences
and their relationship to bilingual preschoolers‟ developing English literacy abilities: An
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Jaffe, A. (2003). Talk around text: Literacy practices, cultural identity and
authority in a Corsican bilingual classroom. International Journal of Bilingual Education
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Watahomigie, L., & McCarty, T. (1996) „Literacy for what? Hualapai literacy and language
maintenance.‟ In Indigenous literacies in the Americas: Language planning from the bottom
up, N. H. Hornberger, ed. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 95-113.
Wingfield, A. (1968) „Effect of Frequency on Identification and Naming of Objects.‟ The
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Lightbown, P &Spada, N. (1999).How Languages are Learned. Oxford University Press:
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