This is a brief overview of the Types of Mutation. I have compiled all the salient features of the Mutation and shared in this presentation, hope you guys like it.

5. Germ line
mutation
Somatic
mutation

7.  Amorphic Mutations or Loss-of-Function
Mutations are the result of gene product having
less or no function.
 Neo-morphic Mutations or Gain-of-Function
Mutations change the gene product such that it
gains a new and abnormal function
 Actinomorphic Mutations or Dominant Negative
Gene Mutations have an altered gene product that
acts antagonistically to the wild-type allele.
 Lethal mutations are mutations that lead to a
phenotype incapable of effective reproduction.

10. Gene mutations are most commonly caused as
a result of two types of occurrences.
 Environmental factors such as chemicals,
radiation, and ultraviolet light from the sun.
 Other mutations are caused by errors made
during mitosis and meiosis resulting in
point mutations and frame-shift mutations.

11.  Harmful mutations: These mutations can be
less favorable mutations. These are removed
from the gene pool by natural selection.
 Beneficial mutations: More favorable and
tend to accumulate through evolution.
 Neutral Mutations: Mutations whose effects do
not influence the fitness of either the species or
the individuals of the species.

12. The mutations caused by exchange of single
nucleotide are called point mutations.
These are often caused by chemicals or
malfunction of DNA replication.

13.  Transition
exchanges a purine for a purine (A <-> G) or a
pyrimidine for a pyrimidine, (C <-> T).
 Transversion
exchanges a purine for a pyrimidine or a
pyrimidine for a purine (C/t <-> A/G).

15.  Silent/sense Mutation: Which code for the
same amino acid.
 Missense Mutation: Which code for a
different amino acid.
 Nonsense Mutation: Which code for a stop
codon.

17. These mutations cause a shift in the reading
frame (frame shift).
It significantly alters the gene product

19.  The mutation in which one or more extra
nucleotides are added into the DNA is
called insertion.

21.  The removal of one or more nucleotide from
the DNA is called deletion.
 Like insertions, these mutations can alter the
reading frame of the gene. They are
irreversible.

22.  A DNA sequence of nucleotide is reversed.
 Inversions can occur among a few bases
within a gene or among longer DNA
sequences that contain several genes.

24.  According to the National Human Genome
Institute, most all disease have some sort of
genetic factor. These disorders can be caused
by a mutation in a single gene, multiple gene
mutations, combined gene mutation and
environmental factors, or by chromosome
mutation or damage.
 Sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis,
Huntington syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, and
cancers are caused by gene mutations.