History of Soccer's Origins

Soccer
• a team sport played by two teams of eleven players each on
a rectangular field with net goals at either end; the object
being to gain possession of a round ball, advance it, and
drive it into the opponent’s goal by kicking, heading or
using any parts of the body except the arms and hands.
- it was invented in London, England with the laying
down of rules by the Football Association in 1863.
Historical Development
PHILIPPINE NORMAL UNIVERSITY VISAYAS • THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR TEACHER EDUCATION

Early History
CHINA In 3rd and 2nd century B.C in China,
- the first known ball game which involved
kicking was called cuju.
Cuju
- is an ancient Chinese ball game.
- it is a competitive game that involves kicking
a ball through an opening into a net.
- cuju or “ts’u-chu”, literally means
“kick ball”
- the game evolved during Han Dynasty.

• Cuju was played with a ball of
animal skins stuffed with hair or
feathers
● The first emperor of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang
was a cuju fanatic.
● Cuju become a highly specialised sport
where the imperial palace would have
its own cuju stadium and many
professional teams of 12 players
were formed to face off with one
another.

● During Tang Dynasty (618-907), cuju improved.
First of all, the feather-stuffed ball was replaced by an
air-filled ball with a two-layered hull. Also, two
different types of goal posts emerged: One was made
by setting up posts with a net between them and the
other consisted of just one goal post in the middle of
the field.
● During the Han Dynasty (206 BC – AD 220),
the popularity of cuju spread from the army to the
royal courts and upper classes.
● Cuju flourished during the Song Dynasty (960–1279)
due to social and economic development, extending
its popularity to every class in society. At that time,
professional cuju players were popular, and the sport
began to take on a commercial edge.

• Cuju began its decline around the 14th
century during the Ming Dynasty
(1368-1644).
• It starts to become a distraction, as
such, the first emperor of Ming - Zhu
Yuanzhang, publicly banned the sport
making it less and less popular.

Japan
During Heian period,
- an athletic game that was popular and
resembles the game of soccer was called
kemari.
Kemari
- is a non-competitive sport.
- the object of the kemari is to keep the one
ball in the air, with all players
cooperating to do so.
- it is influenced by the Chinese sport of
cuju.

• The ball, known as a mari, is made
of deerskin with the hair facing
inside and the hide on the outside.
• The one who kicks the ball is
called a mariashi.
• Kemari is played on a flat ground,
about 6-7 meters squared.
• Players uniform are reminiscent of
the clothes of the Asuka age and
include a crow hat.

Traditional Indigenous
Australian
A traditional Indigenous Australian football game played at gatherings and celebrations by
sometimes more than 100 players was called marn grook.
Marn Grook
- is played by Aboriginal Australians.
- comes from the Gunditjmara language
and means 'game ball'
- a ball game primarily involving kicking.
- rules are mostly unknown, but as with
many other early versions of the game
keeping the ball in the air was
probably a chief feature.

• The ball was made by encased leaves or roots.
• It involved large numbers of players, and games were played over an
extremely large area.
• Marngrook is played with large teams (up to 50
to 100 players per side) with both men and
women playing. Each team competes to catch the
ball after it's kicked high in the air. One aim is
for players to jump the highest and take the best
mark. Players that take a mark are then able to
have a free kick.

Ancient Greece and Ancient
Rome
The Greek episkyros and the Roman harpastum was later played with a smaller
ball by two teams on a rectangular field marked by boundary lines and a centre
line. The objective was to get the ball over the opposition's territory.
● is known as “commonball”
● the game was played between two teams of usually 12 to
14 players each, with one ball and the rules of the game
which allowed using hands.
● the game was played predominantly by men but also
women took part in it sometimes.
● the balls had low bouncing capability as they were
made of linen and were wrapped in hair, sewn together.
Greek Episkyros

• also known as harpustum
• it is the latinisation of the Greek harpaston,
neuter form harpastos, meaning 'carried
away' and from the verb harpazo 'seize,
snatch'.
• was a form of ball game played in the
Roman Empire. The Romans also referred
to it as the small ball game.
• The ball used was small and hard, probably
about the size and solidity of a softball.
• Galen, a Roman physician and philosopher,
described the game “harpastum” as “better
than wrestling or running because it
exercises every part of the body, takes up
little time, and costs nothing."
Roman Harpastum

★ As early 1314, soccer grew in popularity in
Europe, however authorities issued
proclamations forbidding the sport within
the city due to the chaos it usually caused.
★ In 1365, King Edward III of England
actually made the game punishable by law
because it distracted soldiers from practicing
more useful military disciplines, particularly
archery. The ban lasted almost 500 years.
★ It was nine years after the rules of soccer
were first established in 1863 that the size
and weight of the soccer ball was finally
standardised.

English Origins
Middle Ages
★ The French played a form of soccer called laSoule
ro choule.
★ The game developed in England after the
Norman invasion of 1066.
★ Today England is considered the cradle of
modern soccer.
★ The early game was essentially a mass of players
on each side trying to kick a ball at a specified
goal.
★ There were no rules and games often
became violent free-for-alls.

Evolution
★ The modern game of soccer began within the
schools and universities of England.
★ In the early 1800s schools played different
forms of soccer; each developed its own
informal set of rules.
★ It wasn’t until 1845 that the sport of rugby
adopted its first written rules.
★ In 1863 members of several schools came
together and produced the first widely
organized set of soccer rules.
★ They adopted the title of the Football
Association and their new game was dubbed
association football.

Modern Era
★ The formation of the Football Association,
informally known as the FA, ushered in the
modern era of soccer.
★ The adoption of a common set of rules gave
birth to leagues, competitions between
different countries and tournaments, such
as the FA Cup, which began in 1871.
★ The game’s popularity quickly grew among
all social classes in England.
★ There were originally 12 members of the
FA, most of the school-based clubs.
★ By 1871 that number had increased to 128
as cities and towns formed organizations.

International Soccer
★ England and Scotland were the first countries
to take part in soccer on the international level.
★ The first match between the two took place in
1872 in front of 4,000 spectators in Glasgow,
Scotland.
★ In 1904 the Federation International de
Football Association was formed as soccer’s
international governing body.
★ FIFA included a number of European countries
among its founding members; interestingly
England and the FA was not among them.

World Cup
★ Soccer had a successful run as an Olympic sport, which inspired FIFA to
organize a world championship-style tournament.
★ The first World Cup was played in 1930 and hosted by Uruguay, which
won Olympic soccer gold medals in 1924 and 1928.
★ The host nation continued its string of success by capturing the first
World Cup.

The game is played
using a single round
ball (the football) and
two teams of eleven
players each compete
to get the ball into the
other team's goal,
thereby scoring a goal.

• The primary rule
is that the players
(other than the
goalkeepers) may
not intentionally
touch their hands
or arms during
play (though they
do use their hands
during a throw-in
restart).

In typical game play, players
attempt to propel the ball
toward their opponents' goal
through individual control of
the ball, such as by
dribbling, passing the ball to
a team-mate, and by taking
shots at the goal, which is
guarded by the opposing
goalkeeper.

A soccer team
may include
the Following
Outfield
Players

OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR AND PROVOST
Goalkeeper

Attacker

Midfield

Defender

Thank you

Basic Soccer Skills
Playing soccer involves
several basic skills:
passing/shooting, dribbling
and controlling (or
trapping) the ball. These
skills can be learned at any
age, and a good soccer
player works continually to
improve them.

Passing is kicking, pushing or heading the
ball to a teammate or to a space where a
teammate can run to the ball. A player may
lightly tap the ball to a teammate several
feet away or kick it strongly to move it down
the field. The ball may scoot along the
ground or may be kicked into the air.
PASSING

Most players use two types of kicks to
pass to a teammate or shoot towards the
goal.
One is the instep drive which is a
powerful kick.
The other kick is called a push pass.
Performed using the inside of the foot,
the push pass is much more accurate
than the instep drive, but is less
powerful.

Dribbling is transporting the ball
under control from one area to
another. Soccer players cannot use
their hands. Players dribble the
ball with their feet, using light
taps on the ball to move it along
the ground.
DRIBBLING

Controlling (or trapping) is stopping the ball
in flight or on the ground, and then
controlling it by either dribbling or passing
the ball to teammates. There are many ways
to trap a ball: (1) allowing it to hit the chest
at an angle that deflects the ball to the
ground where it can be controlled; (2)
allowing it to hit the thigh or bent knee to
deflect the ball to the ground where it can be
controlled; or (3) using the foot to stop the
ball.
CONTROLLING

Heading is unique to the game
of soccer. When a ball is too
high to kick, players “head” the
ball to pass to a teammate or
score a goal.
HEADING

LAW O1: FIELD OF PLAY

LAW O1: FIELD OF PLAY
Regulation lengths are:
 Touch line: Minimum 90 meters (100 yards), maximum 120 meters
(130 yards)
 Width (goal line): Minimum 45 m (50 yards), maximum 90 m (100
yards).
 At each end of the field is an eight-yard-wide goal centered along the
goal line.
 Six yards from each goal post along the goal line and six yards out
into the field (perpendicular to the goal line) is the goal box.
 Extending 18 yards from each goal post along the goal line and 18
yards out into the field (perpendicular to the goal line) is the penalty
box.
 In each of the four corners of the field is a five-foot-high corner flag.

LAW O2: THE BALL
spherical
made of suitable material
of a circumference of between 68 cm (27
ins) and 70 cm (28 ins)
between 410 g (14 oz) and 450 g (16 oz.)
in weight at the start of the match
of a pressure equal to 0.6–1.1 atmosphere
(600 –1,100 g/cm2) at sea level (8.5lbs/sq
in–15.6 lbs./sq. in

LAW O3: THE PLAYERS
 Played by two teams of 11 to a side.
 The goalkeeper is included in the 11-player total.
 If a team cannot field at least seven players at match time, the game is a
forfeit.
 Teams of fewer than 11 a side can often be seen in youth leagues where
smaller teams are used as a developmental tool.
 FIFA-sanctioned matches are generally limited to three substitutions per
match, with the exception of friendly matches.
 Most youth leagues allow an unlimited number of substitutions, which must
also be listed on the game card prior to the beginning of the match, otherwise
those players are ineligible.
 Substitutions may only enter at the halfway line, upon the referee’s approval,
and after the player being subbed out has left the pitch.
 The goalkeeper may be substituted with anyone on the pitch or any eligible
substitute on the bench during a game stoppage.

LAW O4: THE PLAYERS’ EQUIPMENT
 The socks must cover the shin guards
entirely.
 If the referee deems a player’s
equipment unsatisfactory, the player
can be sent off until the issue is
remedied.

LAW O5: THE REFEREE
The referee is the authority on the
field, and his word is law.
 If you question a referee’s decision,
you can be disciplined further simply
for dissent.

REFEREE SIGNALS

LAW O6: The ASSISTANT REFEREES
The assistant referees are primarily
responsible for assisting the referee in
performing his duties – this includes
signaling with a flag when a ball goes
of play, when a player is fouled, or
when a player is in an offside position.

ASSISTANT REFEREE SIGNALS

LAW O7: THE DURATION OF THE MATCH
A soccer match is comprised of two 45-minute halves,
with extra time added for each at the referee’s discretion.
The halves are separated by a half-time period not to
exceed 15 minutes.
The extra time generally corresponds with the referee’s
determination of how much time was taken up due to
substitutions and injuries.
The amount of extra time is announced and displayed at
the half line at the end of each 45-minute period.
Although soccer does have an allotted time limit, it is
ultimately up to the referee’s as to when to end a match.

LAW O8: THE START AND RESTART OF PLAY

LAW O9: THE BALL IN AND OUT OF PLAY
The ball is out of play when it fully crosses either the
goal line or the touch line.
It is also out of play if the referee stops play for any
reason.
If, for any reason, the ball strikes the frame of the
goal or the referee and remains within the goal and
touch lines, it is still in play.

LAW 10 : THE METHOD
OF SCORING
A goal is scored when the
entire ball has crossed the
goal line within the frame of
the goal. At the end of the
match, the team with the
most goals is the winner,
barring the circumstantial
necessity for extra time.

LAW 11 : OFFSIDE
When an attacking
player receives the ball
while on his opponents
half, he must be level or
behind the second to last
defender (the last
typically being the
goalkeeper). However,
this rule only applies if
he is involved with the
play.

LAW 12 : FOUL AND MISCONDUCT
A direct free kick is awarded when a player:
•Kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
•Trips or attempts to trip an opponent
•Jumps at an opponent
•Charges an opponent
•Strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
•Pushes an opponent
•Tackles an opponent
•Holds an opponent
•Spits at an opponent
•Handles the ball deliberately
If any of these are fouls are committed by a player in their team’s penalty
area, the opposing team is awarded a penalty kick.

Indirect free kicks are awarded if a
player:
•Plays in a dangerous manner
•Impedes the progress of an opponent
•Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing
the ball from his/her hands
•Commits any other unmentioned offense

Yellow cards are awarded as a
caution or warning to a player
and can be issued for the
following offenses:
•Unsporting behavior
•Dissent by word or action
•Persistent infringement of the Laws
of the Game
•Delaying the restart of play
•Failure to respect the required
distance when play is restarted with
a corner kick, free kick, or throw-in
•Entering or re-entering the field of
play without the referee’s
permission
•deliberately leaving the field of play
without the referee’s permission

Red cards are used to send a player off the
field, and can be issued for the following
offenses:
•Serious foul play
•Violent conduct
•Spitting at an opponent or any other person
•Denying the opposing team a goal or an obvious
goal-scoring opportunity by deliberately handling
the ball (the goalkeeper being an exception)
•Denying an obvious goal-scoring opportunity to
an opponent moving towards the player’s goal by
an offense punishable by a free kick or a penalty
kick
•Using offensive or abusive language and/or
gestures
•Receiving a second caution (yellow card) in the
same match

LAW 13 : FREE KICKS
Free Kick is broken into two categories, direct and
indirect.
•A direct kick can be shot directly into the opponent’s
goal without touching another player.
•An indirect free kick is indicated by the referee
raising his hand during the kick. An indirect kick can
only go into the goal if it has subsequently been
touched by another player before it enters the goal. The
ball must be stationary for both types of kicks.

LAW 14 : THE
PENALTY KICK
A penalty kick is awarded either when
a defensive player fouls an attacking
player or commits a handball inside
his/her team’s penalty area. The
penalty kick is placed at the penalty
spot, and all players on both teams
must remain outside the penalty box
during the shot. They may enter the box
immediately after the shot is taken. The
goalkeeper may move horizontally
along the goal line before the shot is
taken, but he may not come off the line
until the ball is struck.

A throw-in is awarded when the
possessing team plays the ball out of
bounds over the touchline. While taking
a throw-in, a player must release the
ball with both hands simultaneously
and keep both feet firmly planted on
the ground. If these conditions are not
met, play is stopped and the throw-in is
given to the opposing team. Players are
not allowed to score directly off a throw-
in.
LAW 15 : THE THROW -
IN

LAW 16 : THE
GOAL KICK
A goal kick is awarded when the
offensive team plays the ball out
of bounds over the defensive
team’s goal line. After the ball is
out of play, the defender or
goalkeeper may place the ball
anywhere within the six-yard
goal box and kick the ball back
into play.

LAW 17 : THE
CORNER KICK
A corner kick is awarded to the
offensive team when the defensive
team plays the ball out of bounds
over its goal line. The ball is placed
within the corner area and is kicked
back into play by the offensive team.
Players can score directly off a corner
kick.

REFERENCE
Historical Development of the game.
•Soccer definition :https://engrave.in/blog/5-ways-to-live-football/
•History of Football (Soccer) : https://footballhistory.org/ -
•History of Cuju https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuju
•History of Kemari https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemari -
•History of Marngrook https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marn_Grook -
•History of Episkyros
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Episkyros#:~:text=Episkyros%20(Ancient%20Greek%
3A%20%E1%BC%98%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%85%CF
%81%CE%BF%CF%82%2C,game%20which%20allowed%20using%20han
ds.
• History of Harpastumhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpastum -
•https://www.soccer-for-parents.com/history-of-soccer.html
•https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval_football
•https://www.sportsrec.com/360994-football-soccer-history-development.html

BASIC SKILL IN SOCCER
• https://www.ayso214.org/Default.aspx?tabid=863381
LAWS/ RULES OF THE GAME
• SYOSSET SOCCER CLUB
http://www.syossetsoccer.org/home/683808.html
• IFAB-LOTG (Laws of the Game) PDF

History of Soccer's Origins

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