1. Chapter 5 Breakdowns Important people: Romulus was the first of the seven kings of Rome that build the empire until he has killed. Roman Senate is the advisory council for the king and then the rotating republic officials by making policies and governed everything. Gaius Marius was the man that achieved political prominence by accepting into Roman legions that they would have farm land upon retirement of the military service. Octavian was the man that eliminated all rivals and painstakingly set about refreshing the Roman system of government. Jesus was a young carpenter from the Galilee region in northern Israel that was the son of GOD. Paul was a Jew from the city of Tarsus in southeast Anatolia that converted to Christianity and spread the word of Jesus. Constantine was the ruler that reunited the empire under his sole rule of the region. Shi Huangdi and Li Si were the people that created a totalitarian structure that subordinated the individual to the needs of the state. Emperor Wu was the ruler that launched a period of military expansion of Fujian, Guangdong, north Vietnam, Manchuria and North Korea. Important places: Rome is an important place because that is where the whole Rome Empire was based because of its trade, agriculture and ability of sea travel. Chang’an was the capital and the main urban center of Imperial China because it was a bustling place filled with courtiers, officials, soldiers, merchants, craftsman, and foreign visitors. Important works of literature and/or art: The Terracotta Soldiers from the Tomb of Shi Huangdi, “First Emperor” of China which were made to prove the strength and the ability of Shi Huangdi of him and his army. The statue of a Roman carrying bust of his ancestors , First Century B.C.E. because the Roman society was extremely conscious of status of the Roman family. Trajan’s Column was made to commemorate his triumphant campaign in Dacia. Aqueducts are long elevated or underground conduits that carried water from a source to an urban center using only the force of gravity. The rubbing of salt mining showed the procedure used for mining salt from the mountains. Rubbing of the horse-drawn carriage which showed that the Chinese invented an ability to pull far heavier loads then regular horse harasses. Items exchange between Regions: Trade between these two regions was possible but only probably by sea and not by land because of the many natural barriers between China and Rome. Turning points: The constant expansions of both regions where major turning points because if allowed them to build a better government to control and the ability to pay for the land they have conquered. Changes-over-time: The Roman Empire The first settlement on site of Rome is stated in 1000 B.C.E. which led to the establishment of the republic in 507 B.C.E. Then in the 290 B.C.E. the Romans defeated the tribes of Samnium which gives them control of Italy. Then in 264-202 B.C.E was against Carthage guarantee Roman control of Italy followed by the wars against the Hellenistic kingdoms in 200-146 B.C.E which lead to control of eastern Mediterranean. Then the civil wars and the failure of the Republic in 88-31 B.C.E. which lead to Augustus establishing of the Principate (31 B.C.E.-14 C.E.) During 45-58 C.E. Paul spreads Christianity in the eastern Mediterranean. Then in 235-284 C.E. the Third-century crisis takes place followed by Constantine moving the capital to Constantinople in 324 C.E. And then in 476 C.E. the deposing of the last Roman emperor in the west takes places followed by Justinian and Theodora ruling of the Byzantine Empire in 527-565 C.E.; which is the imperial edicts collected in single law code. Continuities-over-time: Imperial China Did not have a lot of changes in power but started as a Warring States Period in 480-221 B.C.E. then at the end of that period the Qin emperor unties eastern China in 221 B.C.E. But when that dynasty ended the Han dynasty succeeds Qin in 206 B.C.E. and after that 140-87 B.C.E Emperor Wu expands the Han Empire. Then in 23 C.E. the Han capital is transferred from Chang’an to Luoyang followed by the fall of the Han Empire in 220 B.C.E. Summary: Both Imperial China (480 B.C.E -220 C.E) and the Roman Empire (1000 B.C.E.-565 C.E.) may have not been started around the time but they both used force to expand they empires. Also there may have been no trade between the two regions because of the natural barrier between them. But if they were not their both empire probably would have fought each other for land because both side were needy for land. And lastly they both where people of art and government which showed that they were willing to expand in their own knowledge. Reaction: My reaction to this chapter was that both Imperial China and the Roman Empire both wanted more land and more control. Also the details in this chapter support both of the Empires evenly and explain very well their rises and falls during power changes or wars. And lastly that Imperial China was probably based on more of trying to unite and rule their people. While the Roman Empire was based on getting more and more land for their use only and that no one else would conquer and take it away.