This PPT prepared by Teacher Educator from Thiagarajar College of Preceptor-Madurai for B.Ed Trainees.

1. Unit - II. Stages and Dimensions
of Development of Children
K.Thangavel,
Assistant Professor,
Thiagarajar College of Preceptors,
Madurai-9.

2. Important Developmental Stages
• I Prenatal Stages
(From conception to birth)
1. Germinal period (First 2 weeks)
2. Embryonic stage ( III to VIII week)
3. Foetal stage (IX week to birth)

3. II Postnatal stages
• 1. Infancy - From birth to 2 years
• 2. Childhood – Early childhood (From 3 to 6
yrs)
- Later childhoodod (from 7 to 10
yrs).
3. Pre-adolescence (From 11 to 13 yrs)
4.Adolescence (from 14 to 17 yrs)

4. • 5.Adulthood - Early adulthood 20 -40 yrs)
• 6. Middle age (From 40-60 Years)
• 7. Old age (Above 60 years)

5. Important Dimensions of Human
Development
• Physical Development
• Mental or Cognitive Development
• Emotional Development
• Social Development
• Moral Development

6. Hurlock
• Infancy – birth to 5 years
• Childhood – 5 to 12 years
• Adolescence – 12 to 18/20
• Adulthood – After 20 years

7. Physical Development
• Anatomical growth
• Physiological growth
• Motor Development

20. Emotional Development
• Primary emotions: Angry, Fear and Joy.
• Positive emotions: Delight, Elation, Affection,
Joy
• Negative emotions: Distress, Anger, Disgust,
Fear, Jealousy
• Pre-school children tend to express their
emotion freely and openly

21. • Jealousy
• Often hurt the feeling of others (6 to 9)
• They are very sensitive to criticism and need
praise and recognition.
• Conflict occurs after 9
• Small infancy – crying, beating and biting others
• At the age of 6 they vent their anger through
verbal abuses

22. • According to freud there seems to be twin
facted emotional behaviour of individuals
during infancy and childhood.
• Male children much affection towards mother
– Oeidipus complex
• Female children opposing emotions of their
mother. – Electra complex.

23. Moral Development in Children
• Morality and sociality are inter-related.
• A person with good moral character.
• Moral values and Ethical values in behaviour.
• Phychologists mention 4 stages in the MD.
• I Prudential stage – Children’s behaviours is
regulated by means of pleasure and pain.

24. • II Authoritarian Stage – Children follow the
directions of his elders like parents and
teachers who have dominating influence over
the children.
• III Social Stage – Children’s behaviour is
governed by social acceptance or rejections.
• IV Personal Stage – Individual’s behaviour is
influenced by his conviction of high morals
and ethics.

25. • Jean Piaget and Laurence Kohlberg putforth a
theory of morality.
• Moral Realism
• Moral Relativism
• Kolberg’s Moral development
• Pre-conventional
• Conventional
• Post-conventional

26. Social Development
• It takes place gradually.
• Being a social person is not innate, it must be
learned.
• New born infant is concerned with its
satisfaction or bodily needs.
• It is non-gregarious
• I-feeling
• We-feeling

27. • Pre-gang stage – Early childhood
• Assimilating socializing experiences through
direct imitation of the patterns of other
children.
• Social behaviours like aggression, sympathy,
co-operation are developed.
• Later childhood (8-12) is marked by maximum
social adjustment - Pseudo maturity

28. • Self-assertiveness, social insight, social
competence, social discrimination are all
emerging during later adolescence.
• If not guided properly this may lead to
antisocial or delinquent behaviour.

29. • Pre-school children have one or two friends.
• Quarrels are frequent but are of short
duration and quickly forgotten.
• During childhood stage team games are more
popular.
• During adolescence, peer group dominance
and concern for opposite sex increases.
• At the end of adolescence, adult pattern
comes out.