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Film Studies
Terminology
Microelements
 Micro elements in film language is the
cinematography, sound, editing, Mise-en-
scene and special effects.
Cinematography
 Cinematography is the way the camera is
being used to discover meaning using
film stock quality, camera lens, framing,
scale and movement. E.g. Using bird's
eye view to create more power over
object. In easier words, it's the effect of
shots, angles and movement.
Micro Elements
CameraShots
1. XLS
2. LS
3. MLS
4. MS
5.
MCU
6. CU
7. XCU
Micro Elements
CameraAngles
Bird's eye view
Worm's eye view
High angle
Low angle
Eye level
Canted Angle
Micro Elements
Camera
Movement
Micro Elements
Sound
 Film is a visual experience but, sound has an equal
importance to what you see within a frame. Sound
Track is divided to 3 types: Person's voice, music and
sound effects. In film terms, here's 2 types of sound
which is diegetic sound and non-diegetic sound.
Diegetic sound is sound that can be heard by the
people on screen but, non-diegetic sound can't be heard
on screen and can only be heard by audience.
Micro Elements
Diegetic Non-Diegetic
Dialogue
Sound effects
Ambient sound
Synchronised
sound
Wild sound
Performed music
Theme-tune
Incidental music
Voiceover
Sound effects
Editing
 Editing is the process after filming (post-production). It
involves cutting, transitions and other film techniques
used like montage, continuity and elliptical.
 Transitions: cheat cut, cross-cutting, cut-in/cut away,
dissolve, iris, establishing shot, superimposition and
wipe.
 Matches: eyeline match, graphic match and duration.
 Duration: long take, overlapping editing, rhythm.
 Transitions, matches and duration are known as a
cinematic style of editing.
Micro Elements
Miseenscene
 Setting/Time
 Props
 Costume/make-up/hair
 Lighting
 Facial expressions/body language
Micro Elements
SpecialEffects
 Special effects are actions or tricks used
in films using special type of equipment,
there are 3 types of special effects:
 CGI
 Stunts & explosions
 Animatronics & models
Micro Elements
Macro
elements
 Macro elements in film language is the
genre, narrative, audience and
representation.
Genre
 Film genres is a group of films that have
similar style and have similar
conventions.
 Major genres: action, comedy, war,
musicals, romance, history, fantasy,
adventure, military, crime, thriller,
mystery, drama, horror, sci-fi, western,
anime and animation.
Macro Elements
Narrative
 Narrative in film is a filmed account of
joint events or a filmed story. Genres
often have similar narratives because, of
the structure.
 Narrative structure: Exposition, rising
action, climax, falling action then
denouement.
Macro Elements
Audience
 The audience are the people who watch
films for entertainment and they're
important as they benefit the film
industry financially and they have
expectations and judgements on films.
Macro Elements
Representation
 Representation is the process of building
images of characters, locations and ideas
from a film.
 Different types of representations: age,
gender and social class.
Macro Elements

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Film Studies: Terminology

  • 2. Microelements  Micro elements in film language is the cinematography, sound, editing, Mise-en- scene and special effects.
  • 3. Cinematography  Cinematography is the way the camera is being used to discover meaning using film stock quality, camera lens, framing, scale and movement. E.g. Using bird's eye view to create more power over object. In easier words, it's the effect of shots, angles and movement. Micro Elements
  • 4. CameraShots 1. XLS 2. LS 3. MLS 4. MS 5. MCU 6. CU 7. XCU Micro Elements
  • 5. CameraAngles Bird's eye view Worm's eye view High angle Low angle Eye level Canted Angle Micro Elements
  • 7. Sound  Film is a visual experience but, sound has an equal importance to what you see within a frame. Sound Track is divided to 3 types: Person's voice, music and sound effects. In film terms, here's 2 types of sound which is diegetic sound and non-diegetic sound. Diegetic sound is sound that can be heard by the people on screen but, non-diegetic sound can't be heard on screen and can only be heard by audience. Micro Elements Diegetic Non-Diegetic Dialogue Sound effects Ambient sound Synchronised sound Wild sound Performed music Theme-tune Incidental music Voiceover Sound effects
  • 8. Editing  Editing is the process after filming (post-production). It involves cutting, transitions and other film techniques used like montage, continuity and elliptical.  Transitions: cheat cut, cross-cutting, cut-in/cut away, dissolve, iris, establishing shot, superimposition and wipe.  Matches: eyeline match, graphic match and duration.  Duration: long take, overlapping editing, rhythm.  Transitions, matches and duration are known as a cinematic style of editing. Micro Elements
  • 9. Miseenscene  Setting/Time  Props  Costume/make-up/hair  Lighting  Facial expressions/body language Micro Elements
  • 10. SpecialEffects  Special effects are actions or tricks used in films using special type of equipment, there are 3 types of special effects:  CGI  Stunts & explosions  Animatronics & models Micro Elements
  • 11. Macro elements  Macro elements in film language is the genre, narrative, audience and representation.
  • 12. Genre  Film genres is a group of films that have similar style and have similar conventions.  Major genres: action, comedy, war, musicals, romance, history, fantasy, adventure, military, crime, thriller, mystery, drama, horror, sci-fi, western, anime and animation. Macro Elements
  • 13. Narrative  Narrative in film is a filmed account of joint events or a filmed story. Genres often have similar narratives because, of the structure.  Narrative structure: Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action then denouement. Macro Elements
  • 14. Audience  The audience are the people who watch films for entertainment and they're important as they benefit the film industry financially and they have expectations and judgements on films. Macro Elements
  • 15. Representation  Representation is the process of building images of characters, locations and ideas from a film.  Different types of representations: age, gender and social class. Macro Elements