Components of building 1.pptx

1. Building
Components
Sub-
structure
Super-
Structure

2. Definition-
A part of the structure laying bellow the
ground surface is known as sub structure.
The Substructure of building include
1. Foundation
2. Plinth
3. Plinth Filling

3.  The term foundation indicates
the entire sub structural unit
which support the super
structure .
 Generally constructed in to
RCC(Reinforced cement
concrete)
 Function-
1. It transfers the load of
superstructure to the sub soil
bellow.
2. To prevent any unequal
settlement of sub structure
3. To prevent it from sliding and
overturning.
4. To secure the level and firm
natural bed.

4.  The part of the structure
above the ground but
bellow the ground floor is
called as plinth.
 The height of plinth
should be in between 0.6to
0.8m
 Function-
1) It provide protection from
rainwater and crawling
animal and insects
2) It provides the space for
courses which finally
supports the flooring tiles.

5.  This is the filling in the
plinth with rubbles and
hard murum to rise the
level up to the plinth.
 Function-
1) To protect the plinth
masonry work on
exposed sides.
2) To protect the plinth
masonry work on
internal sides

6. Super-structure
Definition
The super
structure is the
part of building
above the ground
level.
Components of super
structure
1. Floor
2. Wall
3. Column
4. Beam
5. Roof
6. Door
7. Window
8. Lintel
9. Sill
10. Stair case
11. Parapet
12. Weather shed
13. Cavity wall
14. Mezzanine floor

7.  It is the horizontal surface
provided in every room
for occupants to use.
 The floors are then
covered by different types
of flooring material.
Function-
1. It gives good resistance to
wear and tear due to its
daily use.

8.  It is the vertical structural
members which may
support to the roof or act
as a partition wall or
compound wall.
Functions-
1. Wall form the outer limit
of the building and
separates the rooms from
each other.
2. It gives the supports to
the roofs in the load
bearing structure.
3. It act only as partition
wall in framed structure.

9.  It is a vertical member
or component of framed
structure .
 It is made up of
reinforced cement
concrete.
Function-
1. It gives support to
every floors in the
structure.
2. It takes compressive
load of the structure.

10.  It is the horizontal
component of the
building structure.
 It is made up of
steel , reinforced
cement
concrete(RCC).

11.  A roof is covering erected
over the top of building
with a view to protect
from the element like rain,
sun, wind, froast, snowfall
etc.
 The roof is designed and
constructed to meet the
requirement of different
climates.
 Types of roofs
1. Pitched roof.
2. Flat roof
3. Domes or shells

12.  These are the openings
which allows the
entrance in the building
and circulation to
different rooms.
 Functions
1. For the free movement
of occupants in and out
of the house.
2. They are important to
maintain privacy and
security of the building
and the rooms.

13.  These are the opening
generally constructed
in the external wall
which provide air and
light inside the rooms.
Function
1. Windows are
provided for free
circulation of air and
light in the building.

14.  It is a small horizontal
component acts like a
beam and always
provided over the
opening such as door
window.
Function-
1. It supports the
portion of wall over
the opening.

15.  The bottom structure of
window or door
opening is called as sill.
Function
1. It provides a suitable
finish to the window
opening.
2. It protests the wall
bellow the window.
3. It also provides
supports to vertical
members of the
opening.

16.  It is an inclined
passage along with
the steps and
connected to the
floors at various
levels.
Functions-
1. It provides an easy
access to one floor to
other.

17.  It is an portion of low height
wall constructed along the
edge of the roof or it is the
low height wall constructed
at the edge of terrace.
Function-
1. Parapet act as a protective
balustrade for the users.
2. In the case of pitched roof
parapet is constructed to act
as gutter to collect the rain
water.
3. It is a safe guard wall for
playing the small children's
on terrace.

18.  Weather shed like
chjja are provided
over the opening like
window so as to
protect the inner part
of the room from
weathering effect such
as wind , direct sun
light etc.

19. The intermediate floor
between main floor of
the building and there
fore typically not
counted among the
overall floors of a
building such floors
are known as
mezzanine floor