A brief and relative simplistic overview on black hole. Thank You!

1. Black Hole
Presentation by Surya Pratim Paul
Roll number: 172112005003

2. Contents
• Introduction
• Formation
• Einstein Field Equation
• Black hole radiation
• Information paradox

3. Introduction
• Up till 14th September, 2015, black
merely when gravitational wave
were first discovered by LIGO, black
hole was a theoretical concept
arisen out of Einstein General
Theory of Relativity.
• Here’s what the best we could
observe which scientist claims to
be the first glimpse of black hole.
• So have we seen event horizon of
any black hole? NO!

4. Formation

5. Einstein Field Equation
• Einstein Field Equation describe how mass and momentum create
curvature in space time by creating apparent force of gravity.
• Rμν is the Ricci curvature tensor
• R is scalar curvature. Curvature=rotation angle/area traced.
• gμν is the metric tensor.
• Tμν is Energy-momentum tensor
• G is universal gravitational constant.
• C is the speed of light.
• Ʌ is cosmological constant.

6. Singularity
• An observer falling into Schwarzschild
Black Hole cannot avoid being carried into
the singularity once they cross event
horizon defined by Schwarzschild radius.
Event Horizon
• Defined by Schwarzschild radius, is
also a part of Schwarzschild ‘s
solution to EFE.

7. Black Hole
Radiation
• According to Stephen Hawking,
black hole shall lose mass and shrink
by radiating. This is because of the
virtual particles forming near the
event horizon.
• Smaller black holes are hotter and
radiate much more than a larger
black hole.
• Example: Black hole with mass
comparable to a asteroid shall
radiate at room temperature and at
mass of a mountain will radiate at
temperature of sun and ends with a
bang equivalent to billions of nuke.

8. What is information?
• Information is typically understood
property of arrangement one or
more particles.
• Example Graphite and Diamonds.
Mix some more particles in some
specific pattern and you get banana.
• Basic building block of everything in
the universe are the same.
• Information tells how things are
different from each other.

9. Black Hole as mixer grinder
• Black hole turns everything into its subatomic
unit. Then again black hole shall evaporate
leaving only the Hawking Radiation. This creates
information paradox.

10. Information
Paradox
• Quantum determination: Given
a present wave function, its
future changes are uniquely
determined by the evolution
operator.
• Reversibility: The evolution
operator has an inverse
meaning that the past wave
function are similarly unique.

11. References
• YouTube:
• Kurzgesagt-In a Nutshell
• Vigyan Tv India
• minutephysics
• PBS Space Time
• Physics Videos by
Eugene Khutoryansky
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
i/Black_hole
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wik
i/Hawking_radiation
• Images are sourced from
Google Image and
Kurzgesagt

12. Acknowledgement
I first like to thank our
HOD Dr. Pranabi Maji
for giving me this
opportunity.
Secondly, I like to thank
all these online sources
for helping me get
some idea about black
hole.
Thirdly, I like to thank
all of you for hearing
me out.