Art Work in Constitution of India- in light of Sri Aurobindo

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Sri Aurobindo Sesquicentennial (1872-2022)
Sri Aurobindo Society, Jaipur

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(Bhawani Mandir)

5th November 1948
VOLUME VII Cons tuent Assembly Debates
Shri H. V. Kamath
[...]I do not know if he has read a book called" Indian Polity" by Dr. Jayaswal; I do not know if he
has read another book by a greater man, "The Spirit and Form of Indian Polity" by Sri
Aurobindo. From these books we learn how our polity in ancient mes was securely built on
villagecommuni eswhichwereautonomousandselfcontained;andthatiswhyourcivilisa on
has survived through all these ages. If we lose sight of the strength of our polity we lose sight of
everything. I will read to the House a brief descrip on of what our polity was and what its
strengthwas:
"At the height of its evolu on and in the great days of Indian civilisa on we find an admirable
poli cal system, efficient in the highest degree and very perfectly combining village and urban
self-government with stability and order. The State carried on its work administra ve, judicial,
financial and protec ve - without destroying or encroaching on the rights and free ac vi es of
the people and its cons tuent bodies in the same department. The royal courts in capital and
country were the supreme judicial authority coordina ng the administra on of jus ce
throughoutthekingdom."[...]
6th December 1948
VOLUME VII Cons tuent Assembly Debates
Shri H. V. Kamath
[...]theMahaYogi,SriAurobindo,inoneofhisfamousbooks,wherehesays:
"The master idea that has governed the life, the culture, social ideals of the Indian people has
been the seeking of man for his true, spiritual self and the use of life as a frame and means for
thatdiscoveryandforman'sascentfromtheignorantnaturalintothespiritualexistence.“[...]
[...]Sri Aurobindo, the Maha Yogi, has said again and again, that the greatest need today is a
transforma on of consciousness, the upli ment of humanity to a higher level through the
disciplineofYoga[...]
31th August 1949
VOLUME IX Cons tuent Assembly Debates
Shri H. V. Kamath
"With the advent of freedom and the dawn of Indian renaissance, I have no doubt in my own
mind that our spiritual culture, our ancient culture, must be revived not in one direc on only
but in all possible direc ons. One objec on that is levelled against spiritual culture -yogic
culture especially-is that it is unscien fic. Today the pioneer of scien fic research in yoga,
Swami Kuvalayananda, at Lonavla is doing splendid wok in this field. I am sure that as we grow
in stature, as India's freedom grows, there will be many more ins tutes of this kind which will
promote research in the spiritual field. It is very necessary. As Mahayogi Sri Aurobindo said
recently, the West is turning to the East for some light and guidance, and if the East fails the
West today then the world is doomed. He further exhorted us saying that India should not run
a er the materialis c baubles of the West. It is all right to increase the standard of living, but to
become merely materialis c is not all in life. The world craves something else and the world is
looking towards India. It is high me we did something in this direc on and showed the light to
anexpectantworld[...]
19th Nov 1949
VOLUME XI Cons tuent Assembly Debates
Shri H. V. Kamath
"Mr. President, I rise to extend my limited and qualified support to the mo on moved by Dr.
Ambedkar. We, Sir, the people of India have come to the end of a long journey which is,
however,thebeginningofalonger,amorearduousandamorehazardousone.Throughseveral

decades of struggle we have reached the goal of freedom. During those decades we passed
throughmanyvicissitudesoffortuneandwereguidedbyleadersmanyofwhomarenotamong
us today. True to the Indian genius our struggle, our awakening, began with a spiritual
renaissance which was pioneered by Ramakrishna Paramahansa, Swami Vivekananda and
Swami Diyananda. In the wake of those spiritual leaders came the poli cal renaissance and
the cultural renaissance of which the torchbearers, the leaders, the guides were Lokamanya
Tilak, Sri Aurobindo and Mahatma Gandhi and, last but not the last, Netaji Subhash Chandra
Bose. Thanks to Providence, leaders of those days, leaders like you, Sir, and Pandit Nehru and
Sardar Patel, are s ll with us to lead us to the goal which Mahatma Gandhi had in view. The goal
that Mahatma Gandhi had in view has not been reached and to lead India to that goal is the
mission,isthetaskofthisAssemblyandofthepeopleofIndiatoday[...]
25th November, 1949
VOLUME XI Cons tuent Assembly Debates
Shri Suresh Chandra Majumdar
"I shall not dilate on the events of the intervening years. Today I remember vividly the me
when Sri Aurobindo came to Bengal from Baroda and inaugurated a renaissance movement
and a new era of fearless, vibrant na onalism. He inspired an ac vist revolu onary
organiza on and I had the privilege of becoming an humble camp-follower through my guru,
the late Ja ndra Nath Mukherji. Then followed the wonderful days of the Swadeshi and the
Revolu onary movements with their trials and tribula ons – people struggling on against the
foreigndomina onwithblood,sweatandtears…
दयदौब यं य वोि त ठ पर तप
"And lest my Friends should complain that I quote a shloka and do not translate it, let me, Sir
with your permission give the gist of this shloka. Shri Krishna here asks Arjuna not to give way to
weakness or cowardice. He says, "it does not befit you, Arjun. This weakness of heart is
shameful. Give it up at this moment. Stand up and fight." This should be our outlook, and I hope
that at least in future it will guide our policy. We are a na on of at least 300 millions and more
and we can fight any evil in the world, alone if need be. I would rather stand alone than
surrender my ideals of democracy, and of equality and liberty for which we have stood and
foughtandsacrificedalltheseyears.IftheCommonwealthstandsinthewayoftheseideals,ifit
stands in the way of these ideas being implemented, I would rather stand alone. Mahatma
Gandhi taught us to do so. Lokamanya Tilak taught us this. Mahayogi Sri Aurobindo taught us
this.NetajiSubhastaughtusthis"[...]
Calligraphyandar s cdecora onoftheoriginal Cons tu onofIndia
Illumina on and decora on of calligraphed pages in the original authorita ve copy of the
Cons tu onofIndiaformthebaseforunderstandingthecultureandciviliza onofIndia.There
is an a empt by the Cons tuent Assembly members to convey message for the future
genera on of India. As a ma er of fact it is microcosm of the civiliza on of India from Harrapa
Civiliza on to modern mes in the form of Mahatma Gandhi and Neta Ji Subhash Chandra
Bose. Also it conveys that the cultural values of the oldest civiliza on on earth can be best
understood as Dharma. Each illustra on represents Yugadhrma of that era. Indeed, it is the
embodimentofchangewithcon nuity.
At the sugges on of Prof. K. T. Shah the ques on of calligraphy and ar s c decora on and
prin ngoftheoriginalauthorita vecopyoftheCons tu onofIndiawastakenup.Presidentof
Cons tuent Assembly Dr Rajendra Prasad wrote to Acharya Nandalal Bose of the Shan niketan
asking if he would undertake the work of supervision and decora on and illumina on of the
calligraphed authen cated copy of the Cons tu on. Acharya Bose agreed to the President's
request but suggested that it would not be possible to make designs based on historical
subjects as suggested by the President, owing to shortage of space in the margin, and in the
alterna veagreedtomakeornamentaldesignscoveringthewholeperiodofIndianciviliza on.

A decision was also taken to Photoprint the calligraphed Cons tu on bearing signatures of
Membersattheend.
The ma er to be calligraphed consisted of about 300 pages .Size of each page and number of
lineseachpageshallcontainwasdecided.Itwasalsoproposedtouseparchmentpaper.Ma er
was discussed at great length including the margin at le , right , top and bo om. The space in
themiddleofthesheetwastobecoveredbythecalligraphistThecoverwastobearthesealand
emblem of the Union with a descrip on in general and concise terms of the contents of the
manuscript. Cons tu on of India in English was handwri en by Prem Bihari Raizada Saxena
and in Hindi the work of calligraphy was done by Vasant Krishna Vaid. Preamble was illustrated
by BeoharRammanoharSinha.EmblemwasdecoratedbyDinanathBhargava.Goldensprayon
theoriginalcons tu onofIndiawastheideaofPtJawaharlalNehru.
Cons tuent Assembly debates should be taught in Universi es
"The earliest formula of Wisdom promises to be its last, -God, Light, Freedom, Immortality."
These are the words of Sri Aurobindo from Life Divine .State has been expected to be
instrumental in seeking theses ideals .This is the bird's view of study of human civiliza on on
mother earth. Evolu on of Human Race in Modern Times can be traced from three words
Liberty, Equality & Fraternity, the gi to the modern world by French Revolu on. Equality
manifested in terms of Socialism,Libertyexpressed in Capitalism.But fraternityis yet to see the
light of the day in view of Sri Aurobindo. Human rights are bunch of rights, responsibility and
duty towards fellow being irrespec ve of race, color, sex, na onality, religion etc. Impact of
French revolu on can be seen in the form of fundamental rights guaranteed, protected and
upheldbylegalprovisionsintheformofCons tu onandStatutoryLaws.
In this background, having witnessed WWI and WWII, Cons tuent Assembly had the challenge
of framing the cons tu on to fulfil the aspira on of freedom struggle. But there was also an
opportunity to learn from the lessons of the democracies across the world; weakness and
shor all of the ins tu ons to strike balance between rights and du es of ci zens both
individualandcollec ve.
Having seen the original Cons tu on of India duly signed by the Honorable members of
Cons tuent Assembly and examined "Cons tuent Assembly Debates" it is felt that selected
parts of the Debates be incorporated in the LL.B. syllabus in all Universi es for be er
understanding of significant issues like ci zenship, universal access to educa on, content of
textbooks, harmony between majority- minority, Uniform Civil Code, historical process of
assimila on, secularism in Indian context , synthesis of cultural values, ancient language of
India -Sanskrit, need of na onal language, welfare of underprivileged class of persons through
affirma veac onlikereserva onpolicy,etc.
There is a pressing need for introduc on of Cons tuent Assembly Debates in LL.B. syllabus
andotherCoursesinallUniversi esaswellasinalllibrariesofalltheLegisla veAssembliesand
the Legisla ve Councils. Cons tuent Assembly Debates underlines that unity and integrity of
India was never compromised for achieving social, poli cal and economical reforms following
thepolicyof consensusandaccommoda on.

Committees of the Constituent Assembly
and their Honorable Chairmen
Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Honorable President of Constituent Assembly
1. Committee on the Rules of Procedure
2. Steering Committee
3. Finance and Staff Committee
4. Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag
Dr. B R Ambedkar
Drafting Committee
Jawaharlal Nehru
1. States Committee
2. Union Powers Committee
3. Union Constitution Committee
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
1. Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights, Minorities and Tribal
and Excluded Areas
2. Provincial Constitution Committee
H. C. Mookherjee
Minorities Sub-Committee
J. B. Kriplani
Fundamental Rights Sub-Committee
Gopinath Bardoloi
North-East Frontier Tribal Areas and Assam Exluded & Partially
Excluded Areas Sub-Committee
J .J.M. Nichols -Roy
Excluded and Partially Excluded Areas (Other than those in Assam)
Sub-Committee
Advisory Committee on Fundamental Rights ,Minority etc had four sub committees
Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar
Credential Committee
K. M. Munshi
Order of Business Committee
Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya
1. House Committee
2. Committee on Chief Commissioner's Provinces
G. V. Mavalankar
Committee on the Functions of the Constituent Assembly
S. Varadachari*
Ad hoc committee on Supreme Court
Nalini Ranjan Sarkar*
Expert Committee on Financial Provisions of Union Constitution
S. K. Dar*
Linguistic Provisions Commission
* Shows that Chairman was not a member of the Constituent Assembly
Calligraphy & Artistic Decoration of
Original Constitution of India
Prof K T Shah
Proposal for handwritten Original Constitution of India
Vasant Krishan Vaid
Hindi calligraphy work of Original Constitution of India
Prem Bihari Naraina Raizada
English calligraphy work of Original Constitution of India
Acharya Nandlal Bose
Illumination of Original Constitution of India in English
Arun Kumar Das, Chitranjan, Shitanshu Kumar Rai, Rameshwar
Saran Srivastava
Illumination of Original Constitution of India in Hindi
Beohar Rammanohar Sinha
Decorative work of Preamble of India
Dinanath Agarwal
Artistic work of the National Emblem in the Original Constitution of
India
Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Honorable President of Constituent Assembly
1. Committee on the Rules of Procedure
2. Steering Committee
3. Finance and Staff Committee
4. Ad hoc Committee on the National Flag
Mukut Bihari Lal Bhargava
V.T. Krishnamachari
Hiralal Shastri
Sardar Singh of Khetri
Jaswant Singh
Raj Bhadur
Manikya Lal Varma
Gokul Lal Asava
Ramchandra Upadhyaya
Balwant Sinha Mehta
Dalel Singh
Jainarain Vyas
Members in Cons tuent Assembly
from Rajasthan
Ammu Swaminathan
Dakshayani Velayudhan
Begum Aizaz Rasul
Durgabai Deshmukh
Hansa Jivraj Mehta
Kamla Chaudhary
Leela Roy
Mala Choudhury
Purnima Banerjee
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
Renuka Ray
Sarojini Naidu
Sucheta Kriplani
Vijalakshami Pandit
Annie Mascarene
Women Members in Cons tuent Assembly

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