5. Project
Planning
Time management can be broken down into two major
categories: planning (plan your work) and implementation
(work your plan) .
For construction projects, ultimate success depends on
the continuous balance of a project’s resources, cost, and
schedule.
Basic terminologies related to project planning and monitoring
6. Scheduling
Cycle
Plan:
• Defining objectives and scope of work.
• Identifying milestones (contractual dates, benchmarks).
• Developing work breakdown structures (what and where).
• Developing an organization breakdown structure (who).
• Creating activities (when and where).
• Creating relationships (interfaces, dependencies, network).
• Identifying a critical path.
• Assigning resources (personnel, equipment, or material).
• Performing risk analysis.
• Refining schedule as needed.
• Establishing the baseline schedule.
• Communicating adopted plan to team and management.
Perform:
• Updating the schedule on a regular basis.
Updating progress.
Incorporating updates or revisions, including project delays.
Communicating status to team and management.
7. Scheduling
Cycle
Monitor:
• Regularly analyzing the schedule based on special provisions
and Standard Specifications requirements.
• Analyzing resource productivity.
• Analyzing cost usage.
• Analyze time extensions.
• Comparing different schedules to find changes to key
elements such as:
▫ Planned duration versus actual duration
▫ Remaining duration
▫ As-built dates (start and finish)
▫ Descriptions
▫ Changes to logical relationships
• Evaluating performance (earned value techniques).
• Identifying trends.
• Developing forecasts.
• Communicating performance to team and management.
Modify:
• Incorporating approved change orders.
• Performing time impact analysis for delays.
• Identifying recovery plan (fast-tracking, modifying logic).
• Communicating new direction to team and management.
8. Project Management Stages
1. Project Appraisal
1. Inception;
2. Feasibility
3. Strategic planning
2. Pre-construction stage
1. Project development stage
2. Planning for construction
3. Tender action
3. Construction stage
4. Commissioning and Handing over
stage
9. Project Scheduling:
Project network
incorporating the activity
durations and logical
relationships with forward
and backward pass schedule
calculations to establish
early and late start and
finish time of activities with
their available floats, critical
activities, critical path and
overall project duration
(Bureau of Indian Standards
,2013)
The US courts accepted the
concept of CPM
programming and computer
generated delay analysis
submissions since the early
1970s (Keane & Caletka
,2015) .
The accepted Programme
should be the means by
which actual against the
planned progress is
monitored, and can be used
as a tool for determining
EoT (Society of Construction
Law ,2002) .
10. Provision of Project Scheduling in conditions of Contract:
According to Sub clause 8.3 of FIDIC, the
Contractor has to submit a detailed time
programme to the Engineer within 28
days after receiving the notice for
Commencement of Works.
Whenever the previous programme is
inconsistent with actual progress or with
the Contractor’s obligations, a revised
programme has to be submitted.
(FIDIC,1999)
According to SBD of PPMO, Nepal,
After the date of the Letter of
Acceptance, the Contractor has to
submit to the Project Manager for
approval a Program showing the general
methods, arrangements, order, and
timing for all the activities in the Works.
The Contractor can revise the Program
and submit it to the Project Manager
again at any time showing the effect of
Variations and Compensation Events.
12. Progress monitoring:
processes implemented to
collect, compile and analyze the
status of project progress with
respect to its baseline.
to evaluate a deviation from the
estimations made during time
planning and its impact on
project status (Bureau of Indian
Standards ,2013)
According to SBD of PPMO, Nepal,
update of the program is a
program showing the actual
progress achieved on each activity
and the effect of the progress
achieved on the timing of the
remaining work, including any
changes to the sequence of the
activities.
13.
14. Different types of delay exists
Delay
Types
According to
Liability
Excusable delay
Compensable
delays
Non-Compensable
delays
Non Excusable
delays
According to
Occurrence
Independent
delays
Concurrent delays
According to
effect and Impact
Critical delays
Non Critical Delays
(Hegazy, 2012)
Construction Delay :
late completion of the project as compared to the planned schedule (Dinakar 2014).
15. Non-excusable delays
contractor either causes or assumes the risk for.
Excusable non compensable delays
by factors that are not foreseeable, beyond the contractor‘s reasonable control and
not attributable to the contractor‘s fault or negligence.
Compensable excusable delays
excusable delays, suspensions, or interruptions to all or part of the work caused by an
act or failure to act by the owner resulting from owner‘s breach of an obligation,
stated or implied, in the contract.
Concurrent delays
both owner and the contractor are responsible for the delay.
(Dinakar,2014)
16. Conscious choice by the performing party to proceed at slower rate of work with
the knowledge of other contemporaneous delay
occurs when one of the independent delays is the result of the conscious, voluntary
and contemporaneous decision to pace the progress against another delay.
Pacing delay
(Philip & James, 2014)
concurrency :problematic issues that arise in the analysis of construction
delay impacts; The uncertainty as to how concurrent delay should be
managed causes difficulty to contract administrators, in particular in their
task of assessing extensions of time and compensation events during the
course of a project (Keane & Caletka, 2015) .
17. Oracle Primavera:
• designed to support the project management needs of
organizations that manage large numbers of projects at one time
• integrated applications use project portfolio management (PPM)
• P6 is built on SQL, Oracle, and SQL Server express databases,
which allows the creation of global codes and resources, and to
link multiple schedules together.
18. Microsoft Project
• Developer(s) Microsoft
• Initial release: 1984
• Developing a schedule, assigning resources to tasks, tracking progress, managing
the budget, and analyzing workloads.
• Windows-based application.
• part of the Microsoft Office family but has never been included in any of the
Office suites. Now available in office 365.
• available in two editions, Standard and Professional (plus more features like team
collaboration tools and the ability to connect to Microsoft Project Server).
19. Microsoft Project- General Introduction
• to express the recipe and all preparation
for a breakfast of eggs Benedict in project
management terms
• Microsoft Project 2019 runs only
on Windows 10, and it contains features
carried over from Office 365
• Microsoft Project can recognize different
classes of users.
Native file formats
Icons for .mpp (left) and .mpt (right) files
MPP Project
MPT Template
MPD Database
MPW Workspace
MPX Project Exchange
(Discontinued
MSPDI XML-based Project
Data Interchange
20. Microsoft Project- General Introduction (Contd….)
Microsoft Project is a tool that allows a project manager or a project
scheduler to do the following:
• Develop a project schedule
• Enter resources
• Assign resources to tasks
• Track Progress of the project
• Manage a budget
• Analyze Critical Path
• Analyze resource workloads
21. Microsoft Project- General Introduction (Contd….)
• Resource definitions (people, equipment and materials) can be
shared between projects
• Each resource can be assigned to multiple tasks in multiple plans and
vice versa
• Resource rates used to calculate resource assignment costs which are
rolled up and summarized at the resource level.
22. Microsoft Project- General Introduction (Contd….)
• EPM provides a 360 degree view of the organization's collective
efforts
• in the 1990s focus was generally on the management of the single
project, in the subsequent decade, the focus lay more on the fact that
a project is likely to be not the only one in the enterprise. The project
co-exists with many other projects in the enterprise, or may be part
of one or more programs.
• Inbuilt in Office 365 subscription.
23. Microsoft Project Versions and Editions
Depending on the version, there are different editions of MS Project.
• Microsoft Project Standard – comes in all current versions (2010, 2013, 2016, 2019)
• For single users to create standalone MS Project schedules on the desktop
• Microsoft Project Professional – comes in all current versions (2010, 2013, 2016, 2019)
• Project Professional is a premium edition that includes everything available in MS Project Standard. This software is located
on the user’s desktop and has the capability of connecting with Microsoft Project Server or Project Online Professional.
• Project Online Essentials – only available online
• This option gives team members access to project information that may be stored in Project Server or Project Online.
• Project Online Professional – only available online
• This works in conjunction with a desktop copy of the latest version of Project Professional. Project files can be stored both
on the desktop or online.
• Project Online Premium – only available online
• This is an online solution to manage program portfolios and projects.
• Project Server – comes in all current versions (2010, 2013, 2016, 2019)
• This is an on premise database solution that saves data on a SQL server. Each user can access MS Project information with
either Microsoft Project Professional on the desktop or through Project Web Access (PWA) on an organization’s intranet.
24. Microsoft Project -Features
• Interoperability: Introduction of Microsoft Office Project Server and Microsoft Project Web Access.
• User-controlled scheduling
• Timeline
• SharePoint 2010 list synchronization
• Inactive tasks: What if analysis
• The Team Planner view:
In 2013
• Reports
• Trace task paths
• Sharing
In 2016
• Timeline
• Resource agreements
• Office 2016 style theme and help
• Backwards compatibility with Microsoft Project Server 2013
