Protein is body building foods

1. PROTEIN
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2. PROTEIN
 Protein is the building material for all body
parts, such as muscle, brain, blood, skin, hair,
nails, bones and body fluids.
 Protein constitutes 20% of adult body weight.
 Proteins are soluble in water
 Proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, and nitrogen atoms that are formed
into basic units called amino acids.
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3. FUNCTIONS OF PROTEIN
 Growth and development of body
 Acts as Building blocks of cells and tissues
 Formation of hemoglobin and anti-coagulant
factors
 Regulates muscle contraction
 Synthesis of enzyme, hormones and other
secretions
 Produces digestive juices and antibodies.
 Act as a source of energy: 1 gm of protein gives 4
kcal.
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4. SOURCES OF PROTEINS
 There are 2 main
sources of protein
1. Animal sources:
Milk,
eggs, meat, fish,
cheese etc.
2. Plant sources:
Pulses,
cereals, beans. nuts,
soya bean etc.
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5. CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEINS
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6. SIMPLE PROTEINS
 Simple proteins are made up of amino acids
only.
 On hydrolysis, they yield only amino acids
 E.g. human plasma albumin, trypsin,
chymotripsin, pepsin, insulin, etc.
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7. CONJUGATED PROTEINS
 They are proteins containing non protein part is
attached to protein part.
 Conjugated protein – protein + prosthetic group
E.g. Lipoproteins: proteins combined with lipid
Glycoproteins: proteins combined with carbhydrate
phosphoproteins: proteins combined with
phosphate
Metaloproteins: proteins combined with metals
Nucleoproteins: Proteins combined with nucleic
acids
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8. DERIVED PROTEINS
 They are proteins that derived from simple and
conjugated proteins.
 Derived protein is of two types
1. Primary derived protein: formed from natural
proteins by the action of heat or alcohol, etc. E.g
albumin from cooked eggs.
2. Secondary derived protein: formed from partial
hydrolysis of protein. E.g proteaoses, peptides,
peptone, gelatin, etc.
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9. CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEINS
.
 Complete proteins: supplies all essential amino acids
 Incomplete proteins: lack some essential amino acids
Complete proteins Incomplete proteins
Legumes
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10. AMINO ACID
 Amino acids are building blocks of protein and
derived from animals, plants or microbial
proteins.
 There are 20 different amino acids. Nine of them
are essential, and the other eleven amino acids
can be produced by the body
 Amino acids are end product of protein
digestion which is easily absorbable to blood
vessels for metabolism by liver from small
intestine by active transport mechanism.
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11. AMINO ACID
Amino acids are classified into three types
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12. ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID
 Not synthesized in
human body
 Provided to body
through diet
@ PVTTIMHALL
P – phenylanine
V – valine
T – Threonine
T – Tryptophan
I – Isoleucine
M – Methionine
H – Histidine
A – Arginine
L – Leucine
L – Lysine
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13. SEMI-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID
 Not synthesized by
body in sufficient
quantity during growth
 Obtained from diet for
growth of body
 Needed for growth of
children and pregnant
mother
 Also called growth
promoting factor
 Includes argenine and
histidine
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14. NON- ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID
 Synthesized in the
body
 Synthesized from
essential amino acids
 The most simple
amino acid is glycine
Includes
 Proline
 Cysteine
 Asparagine
 Glycine
 Serine
 Asparatic acid
 Glutamic acid
 Glutamine
 Alanine
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15. DAILY REQUIREMENTS
Infants <6 months 2 gm/day
Infants 6-12 months 1.5 gm/day
Child 1-3 years 21 gm/day
Child 4-6 years 29 gm/day
Child 7-9 years 40 gm/day
Adolescents 13-15yrs Boys 67 gm/day
Adolescents 13-15yrs girls 62 gm/day
Adolescents 16-18yrs Boys 75 gm/day
Adolescents 16-18yrs girls 60 gm/day
Man 60 gm/day
Woman 50 gm/day
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16. PROTEIN DEFICIENCY
 Acute ARI
 Diarrhea
 Skin changes
 Anemia
 Slow growth
 Digestive problems
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17. BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF PROTEINS
1. Transportation of substance in the body. E.g
Hemoglobin
2. Immune production. E.g. antibodies
3. Biocatalysts in metabolic pathways.
E.g Enzymes
4. Muscle contraction. E.g muscle proteins
5. Control of gene expression and translation. E.g
histones.
6. Storage. E.g casein of milk
7. Control of many biochemical events. E.g hormones
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18. BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE OF PROTEINS
8. Proteins act as buffer. E.g plasma proteins
9. provides structural strength and elasticity to the
organ and vascular system. E.g collagen and elastin.
10. Nerve impulse generation and transmission. E.g
receptors
11. Acts as antivitamins. E.g avidin
12. Some toxins are proteins. E.g Enterotoxins
13. Functions as infective agents. E.g prions of virus
14. Components of structures of tissues. E.g -keratin
15. Control of growth differentiation. E.g promoters.
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