1. Multiplication
Suppose you buy one litre milk
everyday for 31 days.
The rate per litre is Rs38.
The amount to be paid to the milkman is
31 X 38.
2. Using the sutra “Oordhwa Thiryakbhyam”
• The meaning of the sutra is
• VERTICALLY & CROSSWISE
• 31 = 30 +1 and 38 = 30 + 8
• Arrange them one above the other mentally. Like this :
• 1) Multiply 30 x 30 = 900 Vertical
• 2) Multiply 30 x 8 =240 Crosswise
• 3) Multiply 30 x 1 = 30 Crosswise
• 4) Multiply 1 x 8 = 8 Vertical
• 5) Add all : 900+240+30+8 = 1178
30 + 1
30 + 8
3. “NIKHILAM NAVATHAH ; CHARAMAM DASATHAH.”
• The meaning is ALL FROM NINE –LAST FROM TEN.
• 100 minus 78
• Step 1. 9 minus 7 = 2
• Step 2. 10 minus 8 = 2
• Here the last digit is 8. So subtract from 10
• The other digit is 7. Subtract from 9 .
100
-78
=22
4. A few more examples
• All from NINE and Last from TEN
1000
-265
=735
10000
-7648
=2352
100000
-34875
=65125
5. Special Multiplication methods
• Oordhwa thiryak bhyam – vertically and crosswise. Method
• For numbers close to base. – moola sameepa paddhathi.
• 1) 98 is close to 100 ; its proximity is – 2.
• 2) 96 ……………….100 :….................... - 4.
• 3) The answer consists of two parts.
• 4) First part : Difference of 98 & 4 = 94.
• 5) Also ( 96 minus 2 ) = 94.
• 6) 2nd Part : Product of -2 & -4 = 08.
98 -2
96 -4
94 08
Answer is 9408
6. One more example
• 102 x 103
• 100 +2
• 100 +3
• First part 102 + 3 = 105 ; OR 103 + 2 = 105.
• Second part : 2 X 3 = 06.
• Answer : 10506.
• Please remember the second part is a 2 digit number. WHY ?
• Because there are 2 zeroes in the base -- 100.
