Modulation in translation\ Equivalence in translation Adaptation in translation

1. Modulation,
Equivalence
and
Adaptation

2. Modulation:
 Means using a word or phrase that is different in
source language and target language.
 Technique of shaping or regulating the words of
source text.
 Used within same language.
 Exact way of saying things.

3. Types of modulation::
Recorded modulation:
Called as Standard modulation
Used in bilingual dictionaries.
Free modulation:
Secondary type of modulation.
Practical in case of TL rejects the literal translation.

4. What is Equivalence?
A word or a phrase that means exactly the
same thing in both languages.
An expression from a language which has the
same meaning in the other language.
Ex: English-I don’t understand.
French – Je ne comprends pas.

5. Anton popovic- a slovak translation
scientist and text theoretician
classified equivalence into four types:
 Linguistic equivalence
 Paradigmatic equivalence
 Stylistic equivalence
 Textual equivalence/Syntagmatic
equivalence

6. Eugene Nida the American linguist
• Formal equivalence
• Dynamic equivalence
Formal equivalence:
 Formal equivalence focuses attention on the
message itself, in both form and content.
 Also called “Structural equivalence” and “gloss
translation”.
 Makes reader understand the customs,
thoughts and expression.

7. Dynamic equivalence:
• Quality of a translation occurs when
prototext meaning is conveyed to the
receptor language.
• Similar relation between the reader or
the listener and the text.
• Aims to complete expression in a
natural way.

8. Adaptation:
Also called “cultural substitution” or “cultural
equivalence”.
Shift in culture environment.
Adaptation – as a tool
Known as “free translations”
Where it can be seen?
On TV shows or movies

10. Basis Modulation Equivalence Adaptation
Meaning Method where
translators try
to maintain the
naturality.
A word or phrase
with exact
meaning.
Something
specific to one
language culture
is expressed in a
different way.
Usage Helps
translator
generate a
change in the
view point of
message.
Enables
communication.
Better
communication
goals will be
achieved.
Cultural
difference
between
speakers.
Types  Recorded
modulation
 Free
modulation
 Linguistic
 Paradigmatic
 Stylistic
 Textual
 Collocation
 Cultural
 Literary
 Ideological