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Renewable energy by SP
1. Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural
resources , which are renewable (naturally replenished).
Wind power
Hydropower
Solar energy
Biomass
Biofuel
Geothermal energy
About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from
renewables
New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind,
geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 3%
2. Solar Energy
"Solar power" is defined as the conversion of solar
energy (light) to a form of useable energy such as
electricity or heat.
Solar powered electrical generation relies on
photovoltaic's and solar thermal power
4. Flat-plate collectors
A typical flat-plate collector is a metal box with a
glass or plastic cover (called glazing) on top and a
dark-colored absorber plate on the bottom.
5 important components are
A Transparent front cover/Glazing
Absorber plate
Tubes, fins, passages or channels
Insulation
Casing/ Collector housing
5. Working of flat plate Collector
Absorber most important part and works on the
principle of black body
Sunlight passes through the glazing and
strikes the absorber plate, which heats up,
changing solar energy into heat energy.
The heat is transferred to liquid passing
through pipes attached to the absorber
plate.
Absorber plates are usually made of metal,
typically copper, aluminum or steel, Copper is
better.
6. Working of flat plate Collector
The collector housing can be made of plastic,
metal or wood
Glass front cover must be sealed
Heat does not escape
Dirt, insects or humidity do not get into the collector
itself.
Sides and bottom of the collector are highly
insulated to minimize heat loss
Prevent most of the convection losses.
Reduces heat radiation from the absorber into the
environment
7. Photovoltaics
A solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an
electrical device that converts the energy of light
directly into electricity by the photovoltaic
effect.
Photoelectric cell , when exposed to light, can
generate and support an electric current without
being attached to any external voltage source.
Photo-voltaics can literally be translated to
"light-electricity."
9. Working of photovoltaic cell
The solar cell works in three steps:
Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by
semiconducting materials, such as silicon.
Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked out of their normal
energy state, causing an electric potential difference.
Current starts flowing through the material to cancel the
potential and this electricity is captured.
Due to the special composition of solar cells, the electrons
are only allowed to move in a single direction.
An array of solar cells converts solar energy into a usable amount
of direct current (DC) electricity.
10. Advantages of Solar energy
Renewable and clean source of energy
Free from pollution/noise
Cost free
Reliable, Can be used in remote areas
No contribution to climate change.
Decentralized system- locals as per their needs
Flexibility of applications, from small scale to big
scale
11. Disadvantages
Solar energy is not available at night
Mostly Diffused/ Scattered
Non continuous/ Intermittent
Seasonal / Daily fluctuations
Cloudy days
Time consuming