The document introduces the cardiovascular system by describing the heart's structure and function. It notes that the heart is a muscular pump located in the chest that circulates blood through the body. The heart has four chambers - an upper receiving right atrium and left atrium, and lower pumping right ventricle and left ventricle separated by a septum. It is surrounded by layers including the outer pericardium, middle muscular myocardium, and inner endothelial endocardium. The document also briefly mentions the heart valves - the tricuspid and bicuspid valves between the upper and lower chambers, and the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves.

1. INTRODUCTION OF
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY :- Mr. Sudhir Singh
Assistant Professor

2. Anatomy & Physiology
1. Introduction
2. Heart chambers
3. Cardiac Tissue Layers
4. Heart Valves
5. Arteries and Veins
6. Cardiopulmonary
Circulation
7. Blood Supply to the heart
8. Cardiac Cycle
9. Conduction System

3. Introduction
• The heart is a muscular organ in most animals that
pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory
system.[1] The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to
the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon
dioxide to the lungs. In humans, the heart is approximately the
size of a closed fist and is located below and slightly to the left
of the thoracic cavity that also contain the trachea and major
blood vessels . The upper portion of heart is the base and the
tip is the apex.

4. Heart chamber:-
Heart Chambers The heart is a four-chambered
muscular pump. The upper chambers, the right and left
atria (singular, atrium), are receiving chambers for
blood. The lower chambers, the right and left ventricles,
are the heart’s major pumping chambers. A thick
septum, or wall, separates the right side of the heart
from the left side.

5. Cardiac Tissue Layers:-
1. Pericardium :-
Outer layers is Parietal layers
inner layer is visceral layer/
epicardium
2.Myocardium
3.Endocardium
Serous fluid fills the pericardial
space between the two layers .

6. Heart valves
• Two atrioventricular valve
(AV)
• The valve between the right
atrium and right ventricle is
the tricuspid valve
• The valve between the left
atrium and left ventricle is
the bicuspid valve also
known as the mitral valve.
• Semilunar valves:-
pulmonary valve and aortic
valve