simple overview

1. Human body systems :
Human body consists of different
systems the most important of which are.
(1) Circulatory system
(2) Nervous system
(3) Respiratory system
(4) Skeletal system
(5) Digestive system
(6) Muscular system
We shall discuss here the circulatory system
or vascular system or cardiovascular system here .

2. Cardiovascular system :

3. Table of contents
(1) General information about heart
(2) Layers of heart
(3) Chambers of heart
(4) Vein,artery and capillary
(5) Valves of heart and lub dub sound
(6) Physiology of heart
(7) Diseases of the heart

4.  General information about heart
 Heart is a muscularorgan which pumpsblood throught
out bloodvessels in the human body
 It is located in between lungs , in the middle
compartment of chest.
 The heart is enclosed in a protective sac pericardium
 The heart normallybeats 72 times per minute
 If we close our fist the size of the heart is ¾ of the
closed fist
 The average heart beats normally 2.5 billiontimes
during life time.

5.  Layers of heart
 The heart consists of three layers.
 Epicardium is the outermost layer of heart
 Myocardium is the middle layer
 Endocardium is the innermost layer

6.  Chambers of heart
 The heart has four chambers
 Right atrium,rightventricle (right side of heart)
 Left atrium,leftventricle(leftside of heart)
 Blood oxygenationcycle
 Deoxygenatedblood----right atrium---right
ventricle----lungs….oxygenatedblood---left
atrium----left ventricle---supply blood to all parts
of body

7.  vein,artery and capillary
 Vein
 Carry oxygen depleted blood towards
heart
 Artery
 Carry oxygenated blood away from
heart
 Capillary
 They transport blood from artery
towards vein.

8.  valves of heart and lubb dub sound
 Heart have four valves
 Mitral and tricuspid valve control
blood flow from atria to ventricle
 Aortic and pulmonary valve control
blood flow out out of ventricle
 The lub sound is loudest and it is
produced due to closing of mitral and
tricuspid valve
 The second sound is low pitch sound
which is produced when pulmonary
and aortic valve closed

9.  Physiology of heart
 Right side of heart
 The right side of heart consists of
right atrium and ventricle
 It receive deoxygenated blood
 It pump blood to lungs to pick up
oxygen
 Left side of the heart
 The left side receive oxygenated rich
blood
 It consists of left atrium and ventricle
 Distribute oxygenated blood to all
parts of body


10.  Diseases of the heart
o Atherosclerosis
o A disease in which plaque builds
up in arteries
o Plaque is made up of fat,
cholesterol,calcium or other
substances in body
o Arteries can be narrowed in this
disease
o There is reduced supply of
oxygenated blood to organs
o Obesity, high blood
pressue,diabetes mellitus and lack
of physical activity
o It can cause stroke,heart attack
and even death

11.  Angina pectoris
 It is reffered as chest pain or
discomfort
 Heart muscle don’t get enough
blood
 Coronary arteries have defect
 Diabetes mellitus,smoking,lack of
physical activity and
atherosclerosis can cause it
 It is not a disease but due to
angina many heart diseases can
occur

12.  MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION
 Blood flow stop to an heart
area causing damage to heart
muscle.
 Symptom is usually is chest
pain or shortness of breath
 Coronary artery is completely
blocked due to
atherosclerosis
 Diabetes mellitus,obesity,lack
of physical activity,smoking
and high cholesterol level