Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (17)
Similar to Human reproduction
Similar to Human reproduction (20)
More from Sudarshana Elapatha
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Human reproduction
- 3. secondary sexual characteristics Physical characteristics developed at puberty which distinguish between the sexes but are not involved in reproduction. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 4. Puberty • The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction. adolescent in the process of developing from a child into an adult. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 5. Secondary sexual characters of males • Pubertal hair grows –on face , chest, under arm pits and in genital areas. • Shoulders grow wide. • Larynx enlarges and voice becomes deep. • Genitals start to grow larger. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 6. The action of Testosterone hormone is responsible for Secondary sexual characters of malesSudarshana Elapatha
- 7. Secondary sexual characters of female • Pabertal hair graws –on arm-pits and on genital area. • Pubic region widens. • Mammary glands start to grow. • Body becomes fat due to subcutaneous fat deposits . Sudarshana Elapatha
- 8. The action of Oestogen and Progesterone are responsible for Secondary sexual characters of female. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 9. • Testes start to produce sperms with adolescents of a boy. • Releasing of ova from ovaries (menstrual cycle) starts with adolescents of a girl. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 11. Male reproductive system • Main parts – Testes / Testicles – Pair of epididymis – Pair of vas deferenses – Pair of seminal vesicles, prostrate gland and pair of Cowper's glands – Penis Sudarshana Elapatha
- 13. Testes / Testicles Sperms are produced in Testicles A testes is comprised of about 250 testical lobules. Sperm mother cells are produced in seminferous tubules. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 14. Pair of epididymis Sperms are temporarily stored in the epididymis All the vas efferenses in a testes emerge out of the testes and are opened to the epididymis Sudarshana Elapatha
- 15. vas deferenses The tube that brings sperms from epididymis is called vas deferens. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 16. Secrete white fluid called seminal fluidSudarshana Elapatha
- 17. Functions of Seminal Fluid • To provide a medium for the sperms to swim • To activate and nourish the sperms • To neutralize the acidity in the female reproductive tract Sudarshana Elapatha
- 19. Penis • This is the muscular organ which is important in ejection of semen into female reproductive system. • The tip of the penis is called glans penis and it is covered by prepuce or foreskin Sudarshana Elapatha
- 21. Female reproductive system Sudarshana Elapatha
- 24. Main parts • Ovary • Fallopian tube • Uterus • Vagina or Endocervical canal Sudarshana Elapatha
- 26. Functions of Ovary • Production of ova • Development of primary follicles to graafian follicles • Release the ovum • Production of Oestogen and Progesterone Sudarshana Elapatha
- 27. Functions of the Uterus During embryo development ◦Protect the embryo ◦Provide a constant environment for the embryo to develop ◦Allow placenta to attach on During birth of baby ◦Push the baby out by muscular contractionSudarshana Elapatha
- 28. Activities of female reproductive system 1. Developing of ova (the female reproductive cells) 2. Facilitate the developing of fetus 3. Production of hormones Oestrogen and Progesterone Sudarshana Elapatha
- 31. Menstrual cycle The process of ovulation and menstruation in women is known as Menstrual cycle Sudarshana Elapatha
- 32. • Period of menstrual cycle is approximately 28 days. • The pair of ovaries releases ova alternatively during the period of menstrual cycle Process of menstrual cycle takes place associated with two locations 1. Changes that take place in the ovary 2. Changes that take place in the uterus Sudarshana Elapatha
- 33. Changes that take place in the ovary Sudarshana Elapatha
- 34. Development and release of ova are carried out by ovary. Changes that occur in the ovary can be divided into two stages. 1. Follicular phase 2. Luteal phase Sudarshana Elapatha
- 35. Follicular phase • In this initial stage primary follicles develop into graafian follicles • This stage is controlled by FSH which is secreted from pituitary gland • During this phase, ovary secrets Oestrogen Sudarshana Elapatha
- 36. Luteal phase • The ovum is released in to the fallopian tube from the ovary. • This stage is controlled by Lutenising Hormone (LH), secreted by pituitary gland. • During this phase ovary secrets progesterone Sudarshana Elapatha
- 38. Changes that take place in uterus • If an ovum is fertilized, the embryo develops in the uterus. • Changes that occur in uterus are divided into three phases. 1. Menstrual phase 2. Proliferation phase 3. Secretory phase Sudarshana Elapatha
- 40. Menstrual phase • If fertilization does not take place, level of Progesterone decreases. • This causes the degradation of the wall of uterus and it is expelled/driven out • Occurs for about four days. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 41. Proliferation phase • Due to increases level of Oestrogen, • Degraded wall of uterus starts to re-build • New cell layer and blood capillaries grow on the inner wall of the uterus. • It takes about 10 days for this.Sudarshana Elapatha
- 43. • One of the sperms fuses with the ovum passing down towards the uterus. Here nucleic matter of the ovum and the sperm fuses together. • This phenomenon is called fertilization. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 44. • Fertilized ovum is referred to as zygote. • While it is rolling towards uterus, it divides to increase the number of cells. Then it is known as morula. • Morula disintegrates the tissues of uterine wall, sinks and deposits in the wall. This is known as implantation Sudarshana Elapatha
- 45. morula is a solid ball of cells resulting from division of a fertilized ovum. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 46. Development of foetus Sudarshana Elapatha
- 47. • Takes human form • Head of foetus is large, with respect to other body parts • Development of nails starts • Male and female sex organs are developed Sudarshana Elapatha
- 48. • Development of skeleton starts • Hair begins to grow Sudarshana Elapatha
- 49. • Foetus is completely covered with hair • Heart beat of foetus can observe from out side • (average rate of heart beat is 120- 140 per minute) Sudarshana Elapatha
- 50. • Eyebrows and eyelashes have developed Sudarshana Elapatha
- 51. • Eyelids open • Skin is in wrinkled nature Sudarshana Elapatha
- 52. • Subcutaneous fat begins to deposit • Weight of foetus is about 2 1/2 kg Sudarshana Elapatha
- 53. • Nails are completely grown • Testes are positioned in scrotum • Body shows a full grown nature • Weight of foetus is about 2 1/2 -3- 1/2 kg Sudarshana Elapatha
- 56. • When it is close to child birth, head of the foetus in uterus, turns towards vagina. • After completion of development for about 280 days, foetus is pushed outside through vagina by the contraction of muscles of uterus. • This process is known as child birth or parturition. Sudarshana Elapatha
- 57. • Further contraction of uterine wall, disconnects the placenta and associated tissues. • After parturition the umbilical cord that connected placenta and foetus is cut and tied Sudarshana Elapatha